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Factoid Type |
Source Ref. |
Primary Person |
Short Description |
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Transaction |
S22 |
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Wihtred 1, king of Kent, to the churches and monasteries of Kent; grant of privileges and immunity to the churches and monasteries of Kent, with specific prohibition of lay domination over St Peter's at Upmynster, Reculver, Minster-in-Thanet, Dover, Folkestone, Lyminge, Minster-in-Sheppey and Hoo |
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Event |
Byrhtferth.VitOswaldi iii.4 |
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Oswald 8 and his companions (Anonymi 1670) left Fleury and crossed the sea to go back to England. When they reached Dover, they heard that Oda 1 had died. |
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Office |
S1461 |
Leofwine 60 |
held office of Priest |
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Event |
ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 D 1052 |
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Eustace 1, who had married King Edward 15’s sister [Gode 2], landed at Dover. Then his men [Anonymi 10005] went foolishly looking for billets and killed a certain man of the town [Anonymous 10016], and another of the townsmen [Anonymous 10017] [killed] their comrades, so that 7 of his comrades [gefera] [Anonymi 10006] were struck down. And great damage was done on either side with horses and with weapons until the people assembled, and then Eustace 1’s men fled to the king at Gloucester, who granted them protection.
Then Earl Godwine 51 was indignant that such things should happen in his earldom, and he began to gather his people from all over his earldom, and Earl Swein 3 his son did the same over all his, and Harold 3 his other son over all his. And they all assembled in Gloucestershire at Langtree, a great and innumerable force all ready to do battle against the king unless Eustace 1 were surrendered and his men handed over to them, as well as the Frenchmen [Anonymi 10007] who were in the castle. This was done a week before the feast of St Mary [8 September].
King Edward 15 was then residing at Gloucester. He sent for Earl Leofric 49, and to the north for Earl Siweard 11, and asked for their troops. And they came to him at first with a small force, but after they had understood how things were in the south, they sent north throughout all their earldoms and had a great army [fyrd] called out for the help of their lord [hlaford], and Ralph 1 [John of Worcester says: son of Gode 2, King Edward 15’s sister] did the same throughout his earldom; and they all came to Gloucester to the help of the king, though it was late. They were all so much in agreement with the king that they were willing to attack the army of Godwine 51 if the king had wished them to do so.
Then some of them thought it would be a great piece of folly if they joined battle, for in the two hosts there was most of what was noblest in England, and they considered that they would be opening a way for our enemies to enter the country and to cause great ruin among ourselves. They advised the exchange of hostages, and they issued summonses for a meeting at London; the folk throughout all this northern province, in Siweard 11’s earldom and Leofric 49’s and elsewhere, were ordered to go there. And Earl Godwine 51 and his sons were to come there to defend themselves. Then they came to Southwark, and a great number of them from Wessex, but his force dwindled more and more as time passed. And all the thegns [Anonymi 10008] of Earl Harold 3 his son were transferred to the king’s allegiance, and Earl Swein 3 his other son was outlawed. Then it did not suit him to come to defend himself against the king and against the force that was with the king.
Then Godwine 51 went away by night, and next morning the king held a meeting of his council and he and all the army declared him an outlaw, and all his sons with him. And he went south to Thorney and so did his wife [Gytha 1] and his sons Swein 3 and Tosti 2, with his wife [Judith 2] who was a kinswoman [mage] of Baldwin 4 of Bruges [Baldwines æt Brycge], and his son Gyrth 1. And Earl Harold 3 and Leofwine 69 went to Bristol to the ship which Earl Swein 3 had equipped and provisioned for himself. And the king sent Bishop Ealdred 37 from London with a force, and they were to intercept him before he got on board, but they could not – or would not. And he went out from the estuary of the Avon, and had such stiff weather that he escaped with difficulty, and he suffered great losses there. He continued his course to Ireland when sailing weather came. And Godwine 51 and those who were with him went from Thorney to Bruges, to Baldwin 4’s country, in one ship with as much treasure for each person as they could stow away. It would have seemed remarkable to everyone in England if anybody had told them that it could happen, because he had been exalted so high, even to the point of ruling the king and all England, and his sons were earls and the king’s favourites [dyrlingas], and his daughter [Eadgyth 3] was married to the king. She was brought to Wherwell and they entrusted her to the abbess [Anonymous 10018].
Then forthwith Earl William 1 came from overseas with a great force [werod] of Frenchmen, and the king received him and as many of his companions [gefera] as suited him, and let him go again.
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Event |
ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 D 1052; E 1048 |
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MS D: Eustace 1's men [Anonymi 10005] went foolishly looking for billets and killed a certain man of the town [Anonymous 10016], and another of the townsmen [Anonymous 10017] [killed] their comrades, so that 7 of his comrades [gefera] [Anonymi 10006] were struck down.
MS E: Then one of Eustace 1’s men [Anonymous 10019] came and wished to stay at the home of a householder [husbonda] [Anonymous 10016] against his will, and he wounded the householder, and the householder killed him. Then Eustace 1 got upon his horse and his companions upon theirs, and went to the householder and killed him upon his own hearth, and afterwards they went up towards the town and killed, within and without, more than 20 men [Anonymi 10009]. And the townsmen killed 19 men [Anonymi 10010] on the other side and wounded they did not know how many. |
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PersonInfo |
ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 D 1052 |
Anonymous 10016 |
of Dover |
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PersonInfo |
ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 D 1052 |
Anonymous 10017 |
of Dover |
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Event |
ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 E 1048 |
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Then Eustace 1 came from overseas, and went to the king and told him what he wished, and then went homewards. When he came east to Canterbury, he and his men took refreshment there, and went to Dover. When he was some miles or more on this side of Dover he put on his corselet [byrne] and all his companions [gefera] did likewise. So they went to Dover. When they got there, they wished to lodge where it suited their own convenience. Then one of Eustace 1’s men [Anonymous 10019] came and wished to stay at the home of a householder [husbonda] [Anonymous 10016] against his will, and he wounded the householder, and the householder killed him. Then Eustace 1 got upon his horse and his companions upon theirs, and went to the householder and killed him upon his own hearth, and afterwards they went up towards the town and killed, within and without, more than 20 men [Anonymi 10009]. And the townsmen killed 19 men [Anonymi 10010] on the other side and wounded they did not know how many. And Eustace 1 escaped with a few men and went back to the king and gave him a prejudiced account of how they had fared, and the king grew very angry with the townsmen.
And the king sent for Earl Godwine 51 and ordered him to carry war into Kent to Dover because Eustace 1 had informed the king that it was more the townsmen’s fault than his. But it was not so. And the earl would not consent to this expedition because he was reluctant to injure his own province. Then the king sent for all his council and ordered them to come to Gloucester near the later feast of St Mary. The foreigners [wielisc] [Anonymi 10007] then had built a castle in Herefordshire in Earl Swein 3’s province, and had inflicted every possible injury and insult upon the king’s men in those parts. Then Earl Godwine 51 and Earl Swein 3 and Earl Harold 3 came together at Beaverstone, and many men with them, and intending to go to their royal lord and to all the councillors who were assembled with him, so that they should have the advice and support of the king and of all the councillors as to how they should avenge the insult to the king and to all the people. Then the foreigners went beforehand to the king and accused the earls, so that they were not allowed to come into his sight, because, they said, they meant to come and betray the king.
Earl Siweard 11 and Earl Leofric 49 had come there to the king and a large company with them from the north, and Earl Godwine 51 and his sons were informed that the king and the men who were with them meant to take measures against them. And they strengthened themselves firmly in reply, though they were reluctant to have to stand against their royal lord. Then the councillors gave advice that evil doing should cease on both side, and the king gave the peace of God, and his complete friendship to both sides.
Then the king and his councillors decided that there should be a meeting of all the councillors a second time at London at the autumnal equinox, and the king ordered the force to be called out on both south of the Thames and in the north, all the best of them. Then Earl Swein 3 was declared an outlaw and Earl Godwine 51 and Earl Harold 3 were ordered to come to the meeting as quickly as ever they could make the journey. Then they got there they were summoned to the meeting. Then Godwine 51 asked for safe conduct and hostages, so that he could come to the meeting, and leave it, without being betrayed. Then the king asked for all those thegns that the earls had had, and they were all handed over to him. Then the king sent to them again and ordered them to come with 12 men into the king’s council. Then the earl again asked for a safe conduct and hostages so that he might be allowed to exculpate himself of all charges that were brought against him. But he was refused hostages and granted 5 days’ safe conduct to leave the country.
Then Earl Godwine 51 and Earl Swein 3 went to Bosham and there launched their ships and went overseas and sought Baldwin 4’s protection, and stayed there all winter. Earl Harold 3 went west to Ireland, and was there all the winter under that king’s protection [prob. Diarmait 1, king of Leinster]. And as soon as this had happened the king put away the lady who was consecrated his queen [Eadgyth 3], and deprived her of all that she owned, land and gold and silver and everything; and entrusted her to his sister at Wherwell [Anonymous 10018].
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Status |
ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 D 1052 |
Anonymous 10016 |
held status of |
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PersonInfo |
ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 E 1048 |
Anonymi 10009 |
of Dover |
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Event |
ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 E 1052 |
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The king and his council decided that ships should be sent to Sandwich, and they appointed Earl Ralph 1 and Earl Odda 8 as their captains [heafodmannum]. Then Earl Godwine 51 went out from Bruges with his ships to the Isere, and put out to sea a day before the eve of the midsummer festival, so that he came to Dungeness, which is south of Romney. Then it came to the knowledge of the earls out at Sandwich, and they then went out in pursuit of the other ships, and a land force was called out against the ships. Then meanwhile Earl Godwine 51 was warned; and he went to Pevensey, and the storm became so violent that the earls could not find out what had happened to Earl Godwine 51. And then Earl Godwine 51 put out again so that he got back to Bruges, and the other ships went back again to Sandwich. Then it was decided that the ships should go back again to London, and that other earls and other oarsmen [hasæta] should be appointed to them. But there was so long a delay that the naval expedition was quite abandoned and all the men went home. Earl Godwine 51 found out about this and hoisted his sail – and so did his fleet – and they went westward direct to the Isle of Wight and there landed, and ravaged there so long that the people paid them as much as they imposed on them, and then they went westward until they came to Portland and landed there, and did whatever damage they could. Then Harold 3 had come from Ireland with 9 ships, and he landed at Porlock, and there was a great force gathered there to oppose him, but he did not hesitate to obtain provisions for himself, and he landed and killed a great part of the force that opposed him, and seized for himself what came his way in cattle, men, and property; and then he went east to his father, and they both went eastward until they came to the Isle of Wight, and there took what they had left behind them. Then they went on to Pevensey and took with them as many ships as were serviceable and so proceeded to Dungeness. And he took all the ships that were at Romney and Hythe and Folkestone, and then they went east to Dover and landed and seized ships for themselves and as many hostages as they wished. So they came to Sandwich and there they did exactly the same, and everywhere they were given hostages and provisions wherever they asked for them. They went on to Northmouth [Kentish Stour] and so towards London, and some of the ships went within Sheppey and did much damage there, and they went to Milton Regis and burnt it down to the ground. Thus they proceeded on their way to London in pursuit of the earls. When they came to London the king and earls were all lying there with 50 ships ready to meet them. Then the earls sent to the king and asked him legally to return to them all those things of which they had been unjustly deprived. But the king refused for some time – for so long that the men who were with the earl were so incensed against the king and against his men that the earl himself had difficulty calming those men. Then Bishop Stigand 1 with the help of God went there and the wise men both inside the city and without, and they decided that hostages should be arranged for on both sides. And so it was done. Then Archbishop Robert 5 found out about this, and the Frenchmen, so that they took horses and departed, some west to Pentecost’s castle, and some north to Robert 5’s castle. And Archbishop Robert 5 and Bishop Ulf 13 and their companions went out at the east gate and killed or otherwise injured many young men, and went right on to Eadulfesness [The Naze, Essex], and he there got on board a broken-down ship, and went right on overseas, and left behind him his pallium and all the Church in this country. This was God’s will, in that he had obtained the dignity when it was not God’s will. Then a big council was summoned outside London, and all the earls and the chief men who were in the country were at the council. Then Earl Godwine 51 expounded his case, and cleared himself before King Edward 15, his lord [hlaford], and before all his country-men, declaring that he was guiltless of the charges brought against him, and against Harold 3 his son and all his children. Then the king granted the earl and his children his full friendship and full status as an earl, and all that he had had. And all the men who were with him were treated likewise. And the king gave the lady [Eadgyth 3] all that she had had. And Archbishop Robert 5 was declared utterly an outlaw, and all the Frenchmen too, because they were most responsible for the disagreement between Earl Godwine 51 and the king.
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Event |
WilliamofPoitiers.GestaGuillelmi I.2 |
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Alfred 54 sailed from Wissant to Dover well prepared for armed opposition, seeking his father [Cnut 3's] sceptre. |
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Event |
WilliamofPoitiers.GestaGuillelmi I.42 |
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Harold 3 swore fealty to William 1. Many truthful witnesses heard that in his oath Harold 3 clearly and of his free will promised to be the vicar of William 1 at the court of Edward 15; to ensure that the English monarchy should be pledged to William 1 after Edward 15's death; to fortify the castle of Dover for William 1's knights at Harold 3's expense; to furnish with provision and garrisons other castles chosen by William 1. |
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Event |
WilliamofJumieges.Gesta Normannorum Ducum VII.6(9) |
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Alfred 54 went with considerable military force to the post of Wissant and crossed from there to Dover. |
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Event |
WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum iii.115.2-8 |
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Oswald 8 returned to England from Fleury shocked by the news that his uncle Oda 1 was dying. By the time he landed at Dover, Oda 1 had already died. From there Oswald 8 travelled to Oscytel 5 archbishop of York, a near relation of his, which whom he stayed for several years. Meanwhile Dunstan 1 demitted the sees of Worcester and London, and transferred to Canterbury. Well aware of Oswald 8's holiness and practical abilities, he prevailed on the king [Edgar 11] to give him the see of Worcester. The episcopal see was dedicated to St Peter. Oswald 8 built a second church in the same precinct in the name of the Mother of God, moved monks there, and lived happily with them. On Dunstan 1's advice the king gave Oswald 8 the vacant see of York, but he would not let him give up the see of Worcester. Oswald 8 also invited to England men of letters, such as Abbo 1, monk of Fleury, who at the instance of Archbishop Dunstan 1 embellished literature with a Passion of Edmund 6 the Martyr. Oswald 8 over many years proved himself up to holding both sees, though he used to visit Worcester more often. He outlived Dunstan 1 and Æthelwold 1, reproducing the authority of the former, the efficiency of the latter, and the holiness of both. |
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Event |
WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum v.224 |
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Once Aldhelm 3 was in Dover, looking at goods brought from the coast of Gaul to England. He noticed a book containing the complete text of the Old and New Testaments, but the sailors refused to sell it to him for the price he offered and abused him verbally. Although Aldhelm 3 was not offended, God took revenge and brought out a terrible storm, so that the sailors' boat was about to be swallowed by the sea. Aldhelm 3 pacified the storm, and was offered the book as a free gift; he, however, paid for it a sum nicely judged so that he neither took advantage of paupers nor rejected the prayers of suppliants. |
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Event |
RestingPlaces 27 |
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Wihtred 1, king of Kent, built a monastery in Dover in honour of St Maritn. |
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Office |
EMC Coin 1997.0122 (N 240.2 (Abp Wulfred Group VII second monogram (Ecgberht) type)) |
Swefheard 6 |
held office of Moneyer for Wulfred 6 |
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Office |
EMC Coin 1997.0122 (N 240.2 (Abp Wulfred Group VII second monogram (Ecgberht) type)) |
Wulfred 6 |
held office of Archbishop |
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RecordedNames |
EMC Coin 1997.0122 (N 240.2 (Abp Wulfred Group VII second monogram (Ecgberht) type)) |
Swefheard 6 |
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Office |
EMC Coin 1999.002 (N 240.1 (Abp Wulfred Group III regular monogram)) |
Swefheard 6 |
held office of Moneyer for Wulfred 6 |
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RecordedNames |
EMC Coin 1997.0122 (N 240.2 (Abp Wulfred Group VII second monogram (Ecgberht) type)) |
Wulfred 6 |
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Office |
EMC Coin 1999.002 (N 240.1 (Abp Wulfred Group III regular monogram)) |
Wulfred 6 |
held office of Archbishop |
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RecordedNames |
EMC Coin 1999.002 (N 240.1 (Abp Wulfred Group III regular monogram)) |
Swefheard 6 |
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RecordedNames |
EMC Coin 1999.002 (N 240.1 (Abp Wulfred Group III regular monogram)) |
Wulfred 6 |
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Office |
EMC Coin 1998.4001 (N 240.2 (Abp Wulfred Group VII second monogram (Ecgberht) type)) |
Swefheard 6 |
held office of Moneyer for Wulfred 6 |
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RecordedNames |
EMC Coin 1998.4001 (N 240.2 (Abp Wulfred Group VII second monogram (Ecgberht) type)) |
Swefheard 6 |
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Office |
EMC Coin 1998.4001 (N 240.2 (Abp Wulfred Group VII second monogram (Ecgberht) type)) |
Wulfred 6 |
held office of Archbishop |
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RecordedNames |
EMC Coin 1998.4001 (N 240.2 (Abp Wulfred Group VII second monogram (Ecgberht) type)) |
Wulfred 6 |
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Possession |
GDB 2 (Kent P:16) |
Dover, St Martin's 1 |
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 400 acres in Dover, Kent (in 1066) |
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Possession |
GDB 2 (Kent P:16) |
Dover, St Martin's 1 |
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 400 acres in Dover, Kent (in 1086) |
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Possession |
GDB 1 (Kent D:1) |
Edward 15 |
Property recorded in Domesday Book: [fiscal data not specified] in Dover, Kent (in 1066) |
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Possession |
GDB 1 (Kent D:1) |
William 1 |
Property recorded in Domesday Book: [fiscal data not specified] in Dover, Kent (in 1086) |
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Possession |
GDB 1 (Kent D:1) |
Godwine 51 |
Property recorded in Domesday Book: [fiscal data not specified] in Dover, Kent (in 1066) |
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Possession |
GDB 2 (Kent P:9) |
Dover, St Martin's 1 |
Property recorded in Domesday Book: [fiscal data not specified] in Dover, Kent (in 1086) |
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Possession |
GDB 2 (Kent P:9) |
Dover, St Martin's 1 |
Property recorded in Domesday Book: [fiscal data not specified] in Dover, Kent (in 1066) |
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Office |
EMC Coin 1997.0143 (N 775 (Helmet) (Hild. E)) |
Leofric 82 |
held office of Moneyer for Æthelred 32 |
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RecordedNames |
EMC Coin 1997.0143 (N 775 (Helmet) (Hild. E)) |
Leofric 82 |
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Office |
EMC Coin 1997.0143 (N 775 (Helmet) (Hild. E)) |
Æthelred 32 |
held office of King |
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RecordedNames |
EMC Coin 1997.0143 (N 775 (Helmet) (Hild. E)) |
Æthelred 32 |
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Office |
EMC Coin 1996.0218 (N 766 (First Hand) (Hild. B1)) |
Godwine 121 |
held office of Moneyer for Æthelred 32 |
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RecordedNames |
EMC Coin 1996.0218 (N 766 (First Hand) (Hild. B1)) |
Godwine 121 |
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Office |
EMC Coin 1996.0218 (N 766 (First Hand) (Hild. B1)) |
Æthelred 32 |
held office of King |
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RecordedNames |
EMC Coin 1996.0218 (N 766 (First Hand) (Hild. B1)) |
Æthelred 32 |
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Office |
EMC Coin 1980.002 (Harthacnut (no further details)) |
Eadsige 20 |
held office of Moneyer for Harthacnut 1 |
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RecordedNames |
EMC Coin 1980.002 (Harthacnut (no further details)) |
Eadsige 20 |
|
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Office |
EMC Coin 1980.002 (Harthacnut (no further details)) |
Harthacnut 1 |
held office of King |
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RecordedNames |
EMC Coin 1980.002 (Harthacnut (no further details)) |
Harthacnut 1 |
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|
Office |
EMC Coin 1997.0147 (N 790 (Short Cross)) |
Eadric 97 |
held office of Moneyer for Cnut 3 |
|
RecordedNames |
EMC Coin 1997.0147 (N 790 (Short Cross)) |
Eadric 97 |
|
|
Office |
EMC Coin 1997.0147 (N 790 (Short Cross)) |
Cnut 3 |
held office of King |
|
Office |
EMC Coin 1999.0137 (Offa (new): reverse with cartouche and snakes) |
Dudda 25 |
held office of Moneyer for Offa 7 |
|
RecordedNames |
EMC Coin 1999.0137 (Offa (new): reverse with cartouche and snakes) |
Dudda 25 |
|
|
Office |
EMC Coin 1999.0137 (Offa (new): reverse with cartouche and snakes) |
Offa 7 |
held office of King |
|
RecordedNames |
EMC Coin 1999.0137 (Offa (new): reverse with cartouche and snakes) |
Offa 7 |
|
|
Office |
EMC Coin 2000.0096 (Cnut, Short Cross (N 790-4) (Hild. H)) |
Cnut 3 |
held office of King |
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RecordedNames |
EMC Coin 1998.2113 (N 370 (Cn. 110, 113)) |
Cenwulf 3 |
|
|
Office |
EMC Coin 1998.2113 (N 370 (Cn. 110, 113)) |
Cenwulf 3 |
held office of King |
|
RecordedNames |
EMC Coin 1998.2113 (N 370 (Cn. 110, 113)) |
Wihtred 12 |
|
|
Office |
EMC Coin 1998.2113 (N 370 (Cn. 110, 113)) |
Wihtred 12 |
held office of Moneyer for Cenwulf 3 |
|
RecordedNames |
EMC Coin 1997.0154 (N 818 (Small Flan) (Hild. B)) |
Edward 15 |
|
|
Office |
EMC Coin 1997.0154 (N 818 (Small Flan) (Hild. B)) |
Edward 15 |
held office of King |
|
RecordedNames |
EMC Coin 1997.0154 (N 818 (Small Flan) (Hild. B)) |
Wulfric 101 |
|
|
Office |
EMC Coin 1997.0154 (N 818 (Small Flan) (Hild. B)) |
Wulfric 101 |
held office of Moneyer for Edward 15 |