Theodore 1 (Male) Archbishop of Canterbury, 668-690
e vii-l vii

Notes: Theodore 1 was consecrated in Rome on 26 March 668 but only arrived in Kent in 669. He died on 19 September 690.

Factoids by Source

Agatho.Ep.B48: Letter to King Æthelred (8)

Recorded Name (1)

Theodorus (1)

 Agatho.Ep.B48  p. 74

Personal Information (1)

piety (1)

 Agatho.Ep.B48  p. 77 (most reverend)

Education (1)

 Theodore 1 expounded the verse 2 Cor 11.26.: Bede.OpusQuaest  95-8
 He was endowed with both secular and ecclesiastical learning.: Bede.HistAb  3
 learned: Bede.HE  Preface
 extremely learned in sacred and secualr literature: Bede.HE  iv.2
 very learned: LiberPontificalis  Mommsen, p. 188: Vitalian, 5
 proficient in both the Greek and the Roman insitutions and notions: Agatho.Ep.B48  p. 77
 from his first service endowed with the flower of philosophic art: Aldhelm.Ep  5 (pp. 492-3)

Office (1)

Bishop (1)

 Agatho.Ep.B48  p. 74

Personal Relationship (1)

Theodore 1 Brother (Honorific kinship) of ~ (1)

 of Agatho 2: Agatho.Ep.B48  p. 74

Event (2)

Confirmation of land/privileges (1)

 Agatho 2.letter to Æthelred 2, Theodore 1 and Seaxwulf 1: Following Æthelred 2's request, the Agatho 2 sent a privilege for the monastery of Medeshamstede (Peterborough): Agatho.Ep.B48  pp. 74-7 (680)

Mission/mission-sending (1)

 Vitalian 1.sending Thedore to Britain: Vitalian 1 sent Theodore 1 to Britain: Agatho.Ep.B48  p. 77

Papal advice/audience/decision/privilege (1)

 Agatho 2.letter to Æthelred 2, Theodore 1 and Seaxwulf 1: Following Æthelred 2's request, the Agatho 2 sent a privilege for the monastery of Medeshamstede (Peterborough): Agatho.Ep.B48  pp. 74-7 (680)

Request (1)

 Agatho 2.letter to Æthelred 2, Theodore 1 and Seaxwulf 1: Following Æthelred 2's request, the Agatho 2 sent a privilege for the monastery of Medeshamstede (Peterborough): Agatho.Ep.B48  pp. 74-7 (680)

Factoids linked indirectly to Theodore 1 (1)

Authorship (1)

Vitalian 1:  Author of a letter to Theodore 1 (Letter): Vitalian.Ep.B24   
Agatho 2:  Author of a letter to Theodore 1 and Seaxwulf 1 (Letter): Agatho.Ep.B48  pp. 74-9

Aldhelm.Ep: Letters (8)

Recorded Name (1)

Theodorus (1)

 Aldhelm.Ep  5 (p. 492)

Education (1)

 Theodore 1 expounded the verse 2 Cor 11.26.: Bede.OpusQuaest  95-8
 He was endowed with both secular and ecclesiastical learning.: Bede.HistAb  3
 learned: Bede.HE  Preface
 extremely learned in sacred and secualr literature: Bede.HE  iv.2
 very learned: LiberPontificalis  Mommsen, p. 188: Vitalian, 5
 proficient in both the Greek and the Roman insitutions and notions: Agatho.Ep.B48  p. 77
 from his first service endowed with the flower of philosophic art: Aldhelm.Ep  5 (pp. 492-3)

Office (2)

Archbishop (1)

 Aldhelm.Ep  5 (p. 493)

Bishop (1)

 Aldhelm.Ep  5 (p. 492)

Occupation (1)

Teacher (1)

 Aldhelm.Ep  5 (p. 493)

Factoids linked indirectly to Theodore 1 (3)

Education (1)

 Albinus 2: educated in the Kentish Church by Theodore 1 and Hadrian 2: Bede.HE  Preface
 Oftfor 1: He went to Kent to join Archbishop Theodore 1. He spent some time in sacred studies there.: Bede.HE  iv.23
 Aldhelm 3: He was a student of Archbishop Theodore 1: S230   
 Anonymi 2003: with grammatical knowledge: Aldhelm.Ep  5 (p. 493)

Occupation (1)

Pupil of Theodore 1 (1)

 Anonymi 2003: Aldhelm.Ep  5 (p. 493)

Status (1)

Companion of Theodore 1 (1)

 Hadrian 2: Aldhelm.Ep  5 (p. 493)

AnnalsUlster: Annals of Ulster (3)

Recorded Name (1)

Theodorus (1)

 AnnalsUlster  691.2

Office (1)

Bishop (1)

 AnnalsUlster  691.2 (Bishop of Britain)

Event (1)

Death/dying (1)

 Theodore 1.death: Theodore 1 rested.: AnnalsUlster  691.2 (690)

Anon.EpisList1: Episcopal List (1)

Office (1)

Archbishop (1)

 Anon.EpisList1    (archbishop of the city of Canterbury)

Anon.EpisList2: Episcopal List (1)

Office (1)

Archbishop (1)

 Anon.EpisList2    (archbishop of the church of Canterbury)

Anon.EpisList3: Episcopal List (1)

Office (1)

Archbishop (1)

 Anon.EpisList3    (archbishop of the church of Canterbury)

Anon.EpisList4: Episcopal List (1)

Office (1)

Archbishop (1)

 Anon.EpisList4    (archbishop of the city of Canterbury)

Anon.EpisList5: Episcopal List (1)

Office (1)

Archbishop (1)

 Anon.EpisList5    (archbishop of the church of Canterbury)

Anon.LiberEliensis: Liber Eliensis / Historia Elie... (2)

Event (2)

Appointment/consecration/elevation/ordination of abbot (1)

 Theodore 1.appointing Seaxburg 1 as abbess: Seaxburg 1 received the veil from Archbishop Theodore 1 in the church of Sheppey.: Anon.LiberEliensis  I.36

Death/dying (1)

 Theodore 1.hearing of the heresy at Constantinople: Archbishop Theodore 1 heard that Constantinople was greatly disturbed by heresy in the year in which Æthelthryth 2 died.: Anon.LiberEliensis  I.34 (679)

Heresy-allegations/condemnations (1)

 Theodore 1.hearing of the heresy at Constantinople: Archbishop Theodore 1 heard that Constantinople was greatly disturbed by heresy in the year in which Æthelthryth 2 died.: Anon.LiberEliensis  I.34 (679)

Monastic life, converting to/joining/oblation (1)

 Theodore 1.appointing Seaxburg 1 as abbess: Seaxburg 1 received the veil from Archbishop Theodore 1 in the church of Sheppey.: Anon.LiberEliensis  I.36

Reporting (1)

 Theodore 1.hearing of the heresy at Constantinople: Archbishop Theodore 1 heard that Constantinople was greatly disturbed by heresy in the year in which Æthelthryth 2 died.: Anon.LiberEliensis  I.34 (679)

Anon.VitAlcuini: Life of Alcuin (2)

Recorded Name (1)

Theodorus (1)

 Anon.VitAlcuini  4

Status (1)

Apostle (1)

 Anon.VitAlcuini  4

Anon.VitCuthberti: Anonymous Life of Cuthbert (3)

Recorded Name (1)

Theodorus (1)

 Anon.VitCuthberti  iv.1

Office (1)

Archbishop (1)

 Anon.VitCuthberti  iv.1

Event (1)

Appointment/consecration/elevation/ordination of bishop (1)

 Cuthbert 1.elevation to episcopacy: Cuthbert 1 was elected to the bishopric of Lindisfarne at the request of Ecgfrith 4 and the bishops of the Saxons and all the council.: Anon.VitCuthberti  iv.1

Request (1)

 Cuthbert 1.elevation to episcopacy: Cuthbert 1 was elected to the bishopric of Lindisfarne at the request of Ecgfrith 4 and the bishops of the Saxons and all the council.: Anon.VitCuthberti  iv.1

ASC: Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: Base te... (24)

Recorded Name (13)

Theodor (1)

 ASC  670 C

Theodore (1)

 ASC  668 F(OE)

Theodorus (4)

 ASC  668 CEF(Lat.)
 ASC  670 EF(OE and Lat.)
 ASC  680 CEF(OE and Lat.)
 ASC  690 CEF(OE and Lat.)

Þeodor (1)

 ASC  670 AG, <670> B

Þeodor[i]us (1)

 ASC  668 A

Þeodorius (2)

 ASC  680 A
 ASC  690 A

Þeodorus (3)

 ASC  <668> B, 668 G
 ASC  <680> B, 680 G
 ASC  <690> B, 690 G

Office (5)

Archbishop (4)

 ASC  668 ACEF(OE and Lat.)G, <668> B (archbishop of Canterbury)
 ASC  680 ACEF(OE and Lat.)G, <680> B
 ASC  690 ACEF(OE and Lat.)G, <690> B
 ASC  670 F(Lat.)

Bishop (1)

 ASC  670 ACEG, <670> B

Personal Relationship (1)

~ Successor (General relationship) of Theodore 1 (1)

 Beorhtwald 6: of Theodore 1: ASC  690 ACG, <690> B

Event (5)

Appointment/consecration/elevation/ordination of archbishop (1)

 Theodore 1.ordination as archbishop: Here Theodore 1 was ordained to the archiepiscopacy.: ASC  668 ACG, <668> B (668)

Appointment/consecration/elevation/ordination of bishop (1)

 Theodore 1.consecration of Leuthhere 2 as bishop: Theodore 1 consecrated Leuthhere 2 [F(Lat.) adds: over the East Saxons].: ASC  670 ACEF(OE and Lat.)G, <670> B (670)

Council-meeting, ecclesiastical (2)

 Synod at Hertford (673): In that year there was a synod at Hertford.: ASC  673 ACG, <673> B (673)
 Theodore 1.presiding over synod at Hatfield: Here Theodore 1 presided over a synod at Hatfield.: ASC  680 ACEF(OE and Lat.)G, <680 B> (680)

Death/dying (1)

 Theodore 1.death: Here Theodore 1 passed away.: ASC  690 ACEF(OE and Lat.)G, <690> B (690)

Governing (1)

 Theodore 1.presiding over synod at Hatfield: Here Theodore 1 presided over a synod at Hatfield.: ASC  680 ACEF(OE and Lat.)G, <680 B> (680)

ASC (E): Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (E versi... (9)

Recorded Name (4)

Theodore (2)

 ASC (E)  668 F(OE)
 ASC (E)  685 F(OE)

Theodorus (2)

 ASC (E)  668 EF(Lat.)
 ASC (E)  685 EF(Lat.)

Office (2)

Archbishop (2)

 ASC (E)  668 EF(OE and Lat.)
 ASC (E)  685 EF(OE and Lat.)

Event (3)

Appointment/consecration/elevation/ordination of bishop (1)

 Theodore 1.consecration of Cuthbert 1 as bishop: Theodore 1 consecrated [Cuthbert 1] as bishop to Hexham in York on the first day of Easter because Trumberht 1 had been deposed.: ASC (E)  685 EF(OE and Lat.) (685)

Assembly (1)

 Æthelred 2.instruction to Theodore 1 to call a witenagemot at Hatfield: The king [sc. Æthelred 2] ordered Theodore 1 to call a meeting of all the witan (Anonymi 1322) at Hatfield.: ASC (E)  675 E (p. 37)

Deposition of bishop (1)

 Theodore 1.consecration of Cuthbert 1 as bishop: Theodore 1 consecrated [Cuthbert 1] as bishop to Hexham in York on the first day of Easter because Trumberht 1 had been deposed.: ASC (E)  685 EF(OE and Lat.) (685)

Journey (1)

 Vitalian 1.despatch of Theodore 1 to Britain: Vitalian 1 sent Theodore 1 to Britain.: ASC (E)  668 EF(OE and Lat.) (668)

Mission/mission-sending (1)

 Vitalian 1.despatch of Theodore 1 to Britain: Vitalian 1 sent Theodore 1 to Britain.: ASC (E)  668 EF(OE and Lat.) (668)

ASC (F): Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (Version... (5)

Recorded Name (2)

... Theodore ... (1)

 ASC (F)  685 F(OE)

Theodorus (1)

 ASC (F)  685 F(Lat.)

Personal Information (1)

saintly status (1)

 ASC (F)  685 F(Lat.) (blessed)

Office (1)

Archbishop (1)

 ASC (F)  685 F(OE and Lat.)

Event (1)

Appointment/consecration/elevation/ordination of bishop (1)

 Cuthbert 1.consecration as bishop of Hexham: Cuthbert 1 was consecrated as bishop of Hexham by Theodore 1 at York because Trumberht 1 was driven from the episcopal see.: ASC (F)  685 F(OE and Lat.) (684)

Deposition of bishop (1)

 Cuthbert 1.consecration as bishop of Hexham: Cuthbert 1 was consecrated as bishop of Hexham by Theodore 1 at York because Trumberht 1 was driven from the episcopal see.: ASC (F)  685 F(OE and Lat.) (684)

Expulsion (1)

 Cuthbert 1.consecration as bishop of Hexham: Cuthbert 1 was consecrated as bishop of Hexham by Theodore 1 at York because Trumberht 1 was driven from the episcopal see.: ASC (F)  685 F(OE and Lat.) (684)

Bede.ChronMaior: The Greater Chronicles, or Con... (5)

Recorded Name (1)

Theodorus (1)

 Bede.ChronMaior  527.554

Personal Information (1)

intellectual (1)

 Bede.ChronMaior  527.554 (a man equally learned [to Theodore 1])

Office (1)

Archbishop (1)

 Bede.ChronMaior  527.554

Event (2)

Journey (1)

 Vitalian 1.despatch of Theodore 1 and Hadrian 2 to Britain: Vitalian 1 sent Theodore 1 and Hadrian 2 to Britain: Bede.ChronMaior  527.554

Mission/mission-sending (1)

 Vitalian 1.despatch of Theodore 1 and Hadrian 2 to Britain: Vitalian 1 sent Theodore 1 and Hadrian 2 to Britain: Bede.ChronMaior  527.554

Pastoral activities/preaching (1)

 Theodore 1 and Hadrian 2. teaching of ecclesiastical matters: Theodore 1 and Hadrian 2 engaged in ecclesiastical teaching to the very many of the churches of the English.: Bede.ChronMaior  527.554

Bede.HE: Ecclesiastical History of the ... (93)

Recorded Name (17)

Theodorus (17)

 Bede.HE  Preface
 Bede.HE  iv.1
 Bede.HE  iv.21
 Bede.HE  iv.23
 Bede.HE  iv.28
 Bede.HE  v.3
 Bede.HE  v.8
 Bede.HE  v.20
 Bede.HE  v.23
 Bede.HE  iv.2
 Bede.HE  ii.3
 Bede.HE  iii.7
 Bede.HE  iv.5
 Bede.HE  iv.6
 Bede.HE  iv.12
 Bede.HE  iv.17
 Bede.HE  v.24

Personal Information (11)

moral (1)

 Bede.HE  iv.1 (of upright character)

piety (1)

 Bede.HE  iv.21 (beloved of God)

provenance (1)

 Bede.HE  iv.1 (a native of Tarsus in Cilicia)

reputation (1)

 Bede.HE  Preface (venerable)

saintly status (7)

 Bede.HE  Preface (of blessed memory)
 Bede.HE  iv.23 (of blessed memory)
 Bede.HE  iv.28 (of blessed memory)
 Bede.HE  v.3 (of blessed memory)
 Bede.HE  v.8 (of blessed memory)
 Bede.HE  v.20 (of blessed memory)
 Bede.HE  v.23 (of blessed memory)

Education (2)

 Theodore 1 expounded the verse 2 Cor 11.26.: Bede.OpusQuaest  95-8
 He was endowed with both secular and ecclesiastical learning.: Bede.HistAb  3
 learned: Bede.HE  Preface
 extremely learned in sacred and secualr literature: Bede.HE  iv.2
 very learned: LiberPontificalis  Mommsen, p. 188: Vitalian, 5
 proficient in both the Greek and the Roman insitutions and notions: Agatho.Ep.B48  p. 77
 from his first service endowed with the flower of philosophic art: Aldhelm.Ep  5 (pp. 492-3)

Office (19)

Archbishop (14)

 Bede.HE  Preface
 Bede.HE  ii.3
 Bede.HE  iii.7 (archbishop of the church of Canterbury)
 Bede.HE  iv.2
 Bede.HE  iv.5
 Bede.HE  iv.6
 Bede.HE  iv.12
 Bede.HE  iv.17
 Bede.HE  iv.23
 Bede.HE  iv.28
 Bede.HE  v.3
 Bede.HE  v.8
 Bede.HE  v.23
 Bede.HE  v.24

Bishop (4)

 Bede.HE  iv.5 (BIshop of the Church at Canterbury)
 Bede.HE  iv.21
 Bede.HE  v.8
 Bede.HE  v.24

Sub-deacon (1)

 Bede.HE  iv.1

Occupation (3)

Monk (1)

 Bede.HE  iv.1

Teacher (2)

 Bede.HE  iv.2
 Bede.HE  v.23

Personal Relationship (7)

~ Brother (Honorific kinship) of Theodore 1 (5)

 Leuthhere 2: of Theodore 1: Bede.HE  iv.5
 Wilfrid 2: of Theodore 1: Bede.HE  iv.5
 Wynnfrith 1: of Theodore 1: Bede.HE  iv.5
 Putta 1: of Theodore 1: Bede.HE  iv.5
 Bisi 1: of Theodore 1: Bede.HE  iv.5

~ Disciple (General relationship) of Theodore 1 (1)

 Tobias 2: of Theodore 1: Bede.HE  v.23

~ Fellow labourer (General relationship) of Theodore 1 (1)

 Hadrian 2: of Theodore 1: Bede.HE  v.20

Event (32)

Appointment/consecration/elevation/ordination of bishop (14)

 Cuthbert 1.episcopal consecration: Seven bishops (Theodore 1 and Anonymi 679) participated to the consecration, which took place in the presence of Ecgfrith 4.: Bede.HE  iv.28
 Leuthhere 2.episcopal consecration: Leuthhere 2 was honourably received by the Cenwealh 2 and his people, and he was consecrated by Theodore 1.: Bede.HE  iii.7
 Theodore 1.appointment of Gebmund 1: Gebmund 1 was appointed when Cwichelm 2 left the bishopric of Rochester for lack of means.: Bede.HE  iv.12
 Theodore 1.appointment of Tunberht 1-Trumwine 1: Theodore 1 appointed Tunberht 1 to the church of Hexham and Trumwine 1 as bishop of the kingdom of the Picts: Bede.HE  iv.12
 Theodore 1.consecartion of Wynnfrith 1: Theodore 1 consecrated Wynnfrith 1 as bishop of the Mercians, Middle Angles and Lindsey.: Bede.HE  iv.3
 Theodore 1.consecration of Bisi 1: Bisi 1 was made bishop in Beorhtgils 1's place, when the latter died.: Bede.HE  iv.5
 Theodore 1.consecration of Cwichelm 2: Theodore 1 consecrated Cwichelm 2.: Bede.HE  iv.12
 Theodore 1.consecration of Eadhæd 1-Bosa 1-Eata 2: Eadhæd 1, Bosa 1 and Eata 2 were consecrated by Theodore 1.: Bede.HE  iv.12
 Theodore 1.consecration of Hædde 2: Theodore 1 consecrated Hædde 2 in London: Bede.HE  iv.12
 Theodore 1.consecration of Putta: Theodore 1 consecrated Putta 1 as bishop of Rochester.: Bede.HE  iv.2
 Theodore 1.consecration of Seaxwulf 1: Theodore 1 consecrated Seaxwulf 1 as bishop of the Mercians in place of Wynnfrith 1, whom he had deposed.: Bede.HE  iv.6
 Theodore 1.episcopal appointment of Eorcenwald 1: Theodore 1 appointed Eorcenwald 1 bishop in London, for the East Saxons.: Bede.HE  iv.6 (675)
 Theodore 1.episcopal consecration: Theodore 1 was consecrated by Vitalian 1.: Bede.HE  iv.1, v.24 (668)
 Theodore 1.second consecration of Chad 1: Theodore 1 made it clear to Chad 1 that his consecration had not been regular.: Bede.HE  iv.2

Battle (1)

 Ecgfrith 4-Æthelred 2.battle near River Trent: A great battle was fought between Ecgfrith 4 and Æthelred 2. Ælfwine 4 was killed. Through Theodore 1's intervention peace was restored between the two kings.: Bede.HE  iv.21, 22, v.24 (679)

Burial (2)

 Theodore 1-Beorhtwald 6.burial: Theodore 1 and Beorhtwald 6 were both buried in the church of St Peter and St Paul's, as there was no more room in the chapel where the other archbishops had been buried.: Bede.HE  ii.3
 Theodore 1.burial: Theodore 1 was buried in the church of St Peter, in which the bodies of all the archbishops of Canterbury are interred.: Bede.HE  v.8 (690)

Church/monastery/minster foundation/dedication/restoration (1)

 Finan 1.construction of church at Lindisfarne: Finan 1 constructed a church suitable for an episcopal see.: Bede.HE  iii.25

Conquest (1)

 Æthelred 2.recovery of Lindsey: Æthelred 2 recovered the kingdom of Lindsey which had been conquered by Ecgfrith 4. Then, Eadhæd 1 returned and was placed by Theodore 1 over the church at Ripon.: Bede.HE  iv.12

Correspondence (1)

 Vitalian 1-Hadrian 2.correspondence: Vitalian 1 sent for Hadrian 2 and ordered him to accept the bishopric and go to Britain. Hadrian 2 answered that he was unworthy of such a rank and suggested a certain monk (Andrew 2) instead. The latter could not go because of his infirmities. Hadrian 2 then had to accept, but he also asked for a respite to see if he could find a man suitable to be consecrated bishop. He then proposed Theodore 1 to the pope.: Bede.HE  iv.1

Council-meeting, ecclesiastical (3)

 Theodore 1-Ecgfrith 4.synod: A synod of no small size was gathered together in the presence of Ecgfrith 4 in a place called Adtuuifyrdi, over which Theodore 1 presided. There Cuthbert 1 was elected to the bishopric of the church of Lindisfarne.: Bede.HE  iv.28
 Theodore 1-others.council of Hatfield: Theodore 1 discovered that all his bishops were united in the catholic faith.: Bede.HE  iv.17-18, v.24 (680)
 Theodore 1.council of Hertford: Theodore 1 summoned a council of bishops together with many teachers of the church. After Theodore 1's preliminary discourse, they all approved the book of canons laid down by the holy fathers at the Council of Chalcedon. Then Theodore 1 pointed out some specific chapters which deserved special attention. They drew up ten canons.: Bede.HE  iv.5, v.24 (672 x 673)

Death/dying (2)

 Ecgfrith 4-Æthelred 2.battle near River Trent: A great battle was fought between Ecgfrith 4 and Æthelred 2. Ælfwine 4 was killed. Through Theodore 1's intervention peace was restored between the two kings.: Bede.HE  iv.21, 22, v.24 (679)
 Theodore 1.death: Theodore 1 died at the age of 88, being old and full of years.: Bede.HE  v.8, 11, 24 (690)

Deposition of bishop (1)

 Theodore 1.deposition of Wynnfrith 1: Theodore 1 deposed Wynnfrith 1 because he was displeased by some act of disobedience.: Bede.HE  iv.6

Disobedience (1)

 Theodore 1.deposition of Wynnfrith 1: Theodore 1 deposed Wynnfrith 1 because he was displeased by some act of disobedience.: Bede.HE  iv.6

Ecclesiastical reform (1)

 Theodore 1.council of Hertford: Theodore 1 summoned a council of bishops together with many teachers of the church. After Theodore 1's preliminary discourse, they all approved the book of canons laid down by the holy fathers at the Council of Chalcedon. Then Theodore 1 pointed out some specific chapters which deserved special attention. They drew up ten canons.: Bede.HE  iv.5, v.24 (672 x 673)

Election of bishop (1)

 Theodore 1-Ecgfrith 4.synod: A synod of no small size was gathered together in the presence of Ecgfrith 4 in a place called Adtuuifyrdi, over which Theodore 1 presided. There Cuthbert 1 was elected to the bishopric of the church of Lindisfarne.: Bede.HE  iv.28

Grant and Gift (1)

 Theodore 1.granting St Peter's, Canterbury to Hadrian 2: Theodore 1 granted the monastery of St Peter in Canterbury to Hadrian 2.: Bede.HE  iv.1

Horse-using/giving/acquisition/riding (1)

 Theodore 1.ordering Chad 1 to ride: Theodore 1 ordered Chad 1 to ride whenever he was faced with too long a journey.: Bede.HE  iv.3

Hospitality (1)

 Theodore 1.journey to Paris: Theodore 1 went to Agilbert 1, who kindly received him.: Bede.HE  iv.1

Journey (4)

 Rædfrith 1.journey to kingdom of Franks: When Ecgberht 3 heard that Theodore 1 was in the kingdom of the Franks, he sent Rædfrith 1 to bring him to England.: Bede.HE  iv.1
 Theodore 1-Hadrian 2.journey to Britain: They came by sea to Marseilles and then by land to Arles and handed to John 15 the commendatory letters of Vitalian 1. They were kept by John 15 until Ebroin 1 gave them leave to go.: Bede.HE  iv.1 (668 - ?)
 Theodore 1.arrival in England: Theodore 1 came to the English church in the second year after his consecration.: Bede.HE  iv.2 (669)
 Theodore 1.journey to Paris: Theodore 1 went to Agilbert 1, who kindly received him.: Bede.HE  iv.1

Killing/murder (1)

 Ecgfrith 4-Æthelred 2.battle near River Trent: A great battle was fought between Ecgfrith 4 and Æthelred 2. Ælfwine 4 was killed. Through Theodore 1's intervention peace was restored between the two kings.: Bede.HE  iv.21, 22, v.24 (679)

Ordering (1)

 Theodore 1.ordering Chad 1 to ride: Theodore 1 ordered Chad 1 to ride whenever he was faced with too long a journey.: Bede.HE  iv.3

Peace agreement (1)

 Ecgfrith 4-Æthelred 2.battle near River Trent: A great battle was fought between Ecgfrith 4 and Æthelred 2. Ælfwine 4 was killed. Through Theodore 1's intervention peace was restored between the two kings.: Bede.HE  iv.21, 22, v.24 (679)

Request (3)

 Rædfrith 1.journey to kingdom of Franks: When Ecgberht 3 heard that Theodore 1 was in the kingdom of the Franks, he sent Rædfrith 1 to bring him to England.: Bede.HE  iv.1
 Vitalian 1-Hadrian 2.correspondence: Vitalian 1 sent for Hadrian 2 and ordered him to accept the bishopric and go to Britain. Hadrian 2 answered that he was unworthy of such a rank and suggested a certain monk (Andrew 2) instead. The latter could not go because of his infirmities. Hadrian 2 then had to accept, but he also asked for a respite to see if he could find a man suitable to be consecrated bishop. He then proposed Theodore 1 to the pope.: Bede.HE  iv.1
 Wulfhere 1.asking Oswiu 1 for Bishop Chad 1: Wulfhere 1 asked Oswiu 1 to give the Mercians Chad 1.: Bede.HE  iv.3

Residence (1)

 Theodore 1-Hadrian 2.journey to Britain: They came by sea to Marseilles and then by land to Arles and handed to John 15 the commendatory letters of Vitalian 1. They were kept by John 15 until Ebroin 1 gave them leave to go.: Bede.HE  iv.1 (668 - ?)

Resigning of episcopal office (1)

 Theodore 1.appointment of Gebmund 1: Gebmund 1 was appointed when Cwichelm 2 left the bishopric of Rochester for lack of means.: Bede.HE  iv.12

Restoration to bishopric (1)

 Æthelred 2.recovery of Lindsey: Æthelred 2 recovered the kingdom of Lindsey which had been conquered by Ecgfrith 4. Then, Eadhæd 1 returned and was placed by Theodore 1 over the church at Ripon.: Bede.HE  iv.12

Restoration to office (1)

 Æthelred 2.recovery of Lindsey: Æthelred 2 recovered the kingdom of Lindsey which had been conquered by Ecgfrith 4. Then, Eadhæd 1 returned and was placed by Theodore 1 over the church at Ripon.: Bede.HE  iv.12

War (1)

 Æthelred 2.recovery of Lindsey: Æthelred 2 recovered the kingdom of Lindsey which had been conquered by Ecgfrith 4. Then, Eadhæd 1 returned and was placed by Theodore 1 over the church at Ripon.: Bede.HE  iv.12

Factoids linked indirectly to Theodore 1 (2)

Education (2)

 Albinus 2: educated in the Kentish Church by Theodore 1 and Hadrian 2: Bede.HE  Preface
 Oftfor 1: He went to Kent to join Archbishop Theodore 1. He spent some time in sacred studies there.: Bede.HE  iv.23
 Aldhelm 3: He was a student of Archbishop Theodore 1: S230   
 Anonymi 2003: with grammatical knowledge: Aldhelm.Ep  5 (p. 493)

Bede.HistAb: Historia abbatum (10)

Recorded Name (1)

Theodorus (1)

 Bede.HistAb   

Personal Information (1)

language competence (1)

 Bede.HistAb  3 (he knew both Latin and Greek)

Education (1)

 Theodore 1 expounded the verse 2 Cor 11.26.: Bede.OpusQuaest  95-8
 He was endowed with both secular and ecclesiastical learning.: Bede.HistAb  3
 learned: Bede.HE  Preface
 extremely learned in sacred and secualr literature: Bede.HE  iv.2
 very learned: LiberPontificalis  Mommsen, p. 188: Vitalian, 5
 proficient in both the Greek and the Roman insitutions and notions: Agatho.Ep.B48  p. 77
 from his first service endowed with the flower of philosophic art: Aldhelm.Ep  5 (pp. 492-3)

Office (2)

Archbishop (1)

 Bede.HistAb  3 (Archbishop of Britain)

Counsellor (1)

 Bede.HistAb  3

Event (4)

Appointment/consecration/elevation/ordination of archbishop (2)

 Theodore 1.consecration: Vitalian 1 consecrates Theodore 1 archbishop of Britain.: Bede.HistAb   
 Theodore 1.returning to Kent with entourage: Guided by Biscop 2, Theodore 1 and Hadrian 2 arrived in Kent where he was very favourably received and enthroned as archbishop.: Bede.HistAb  3

Journey (3)

 Biscop 2.chosen by Vitalian 1: Vitalian 1 orders Biscop 2 to escort Theodore 1 and Hadrian 2 back to King Ecgberht 3.: Bede.HistAb  3
 Theodore 1.returning to Kent with entourage: Guided by Biscop 2, Theodore 1 and Hadrian 2 arrived in Kent where he was very favourably received and enthroned as archbishop.: Bede.HistAb  3
 Vitalian 1.sending Theodore 1 and Hadrian 2 to Britain: Vitalian 1 sent Theodore 1 and Hadrian 2 to Britain.: Bede.HistAb  3

Mission/mission-sending (1)

 Vitalian 1.sending Theodore 1 and Hadrian 2 to Britain: Vitalian 1 sent Theodore 1 and Hadrian 2 to Britain.: Bede.HistAb  3

Ordering (1)

 Biscop 2.chosen by Vitalian 1: Vitalian 1 orders Biscop 2 to escort Theodore 1 and Hadrian 2 back to King Ecgberht 3.: Bede.HistAb  3

Factoids linked indirectly to Theodore 1 (1)

Status (1)

Comes of Theodore 1 (1)

 Anonymi 712: Bede.HistAb  3

Bede.Homilies: Bedae Venerabilis Homeliarvm L (2)

Office (1)

Archbishop (1)

 Bede.Homilies  I.13 (p.91)

Event (1)

Journey (1)

 Biscop 2.first return from Rome: The Pope [Vitalian 1] ordered Biscop 2 to escort Theodore 1 to Britain.: Bede.Homilies  I.13 (p.91)

Papal advice/audience/decision/privilege (1)

 Biscop 2.first return from Rome: The Pope [Vitalian 1] ordered Biscop 2 to escort Theodore 1 to Britain.: Bede.Homilies  I.13 (p.91)

Bede.OpusQuaest: On Eight Questions (6)

Recorded Name (1)

Theodorus (1)

 Bede.OpusQuaest  96

Personal Information (2)

intellectual (1)

 Bede.OpusQuaest  97 (the most learned man)

saintly status (1)

 Bede.OpusQuaest  96 (of blessed memory)

Education (1)

 Theodore 1 expounded the verse 2 Cor 11.26.: Bede.OpusQuaest  95-8
 He was endowed with both secular and ecclesiastical learning.: Bede.HistAb  3
 learned: Bede.HE  Preface
 extremely learned in sacred and secualr literature: Bede.HE  iv.2
 very learned: LiberPontificalis  Mommsen, p. 188: Vitalian, 5
 proficient in both the Greek and the Roman insitutions and notions: Agatho.Ep.B48  p. 77
 from his first service endowed with the flower of philosophic art: Aldhelm.Ep  5 (pp. 492-3)

Office (1)

Archbishop (1)

 Bede.OpusQuaest  97 (Archbishop of the English people)

Event (1)

Reporting (1)

 Bede 1.report of what he heard from Anonymi 425 concerning a scriptural interpretation of Theodore 1: The author [Bede 1] reported what certain persons (Anonymi 425) affirmed that Theodore 1 had explained.: Bede.OpusQuaest  96-8

Bede.VitCuthbertiPr: The Life of St Cuthbert by Bed... (4)

Recorded Name (1)

Theodorus (1)

 Bede.VitCuthbertiPr  24

Personal Information (1)

saintly status (1)

 Bede.VitCuthbertiPr  24 (of blessed memory)

Office (1)

Archbishop (1)

 Bede.VitCuthbertiPr  24

Event (1)

Appointment/consecration/elevation/ordination of bishop (1)

 Cuthbert 1.elevation to episcopacy: Cuthbert 1 was elected bishop of Lindisfarne in a council presided by Theodore 1 and in the presence of Ecgfrith 4.: Bede.VitCuthbertiPr  24

Council-meeting, ecclesiastical (1)

 Cuthbert 1.elevation to episcopacy: Cuthbert 1 was elected bishop of Lindisfarne in a council presided by Theodore 1 and in the presence of Ecgfrith 4.: Bede.VitCuthbertiPr  24

DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit: Libellus quem pater Theodorus ... (18)

Recorded Name (2)

Theodorus (2)

 DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  Praef.Incip.
 DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  Praef.

Personal Information (3)

other (1)

 DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  Praef.Incip. (father)

reputation (2)

 DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  Praef. (venerable)
 DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  Epil. (venerable)

Office (2)

Archbishop (1)

 DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  Epil. (Archbishop of the English)

Bishop (1)

 DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  Praef. (Venerable bishop)

Status (1)

Senex (1)

 DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  Praef.

Event (9)

Advice/counsel (1)

 Eoda 1 and Anonymous 907.composition of this penitential: Eoda 2 and Anonymous 907 had written [this material] after consultation with Theodore 1.: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  Epil.

Appointment - ecclesiastical (1)

 Theodore 1.judgment about the ordination of those guilty of heresy: Theodore 1 gave his judgment about the ordination of those formerly guilty of heresy.: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  I.v.2

Baptism (1)

 Theodore 1.alleged judgment about rebaptism: Theodore 1 allegedly made a decision about rebaptism, though Anonymous 907 questioned the accuracy of this claim.: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  I.v.6

Book circulating/making/reading/translating/writing (4)

 Anonymous 907.compilation of his penitential: Anonymous 907 described the contents and reason for the composition of his book.: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  Praef.
 Eoda 1 and Anonymous 907.composition of this penitential: Eoda 2 and Anonymous 907 had written [this material] after consultation with Theodore 1.: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  Epil.
 Theodore 1.judgments derived from a little book of the Irish by Anonymous 908: Theodore 1 supported his judgments with material extracted from a little book of the Irish composed by Anonymous 908.: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  Praef.
 Theodore 1.ruling on remedy for penitence: The book contains what Theodore 1 ruled on as a remedy for penitence to those enquiring of him (Anonymi 2404).: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  Praef.

Decision-making (1)

 Theodore 1.alleged judgment about rebaptism: Theodore 1 allegedly made a decision about rebaptism, though Anonymous 907 questioned the accuracy of this claim.: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  I.v.6

Enquiry (1)

 Theodore 1.ruling on remedy for penitence: The book contains what Theodore 1 ruled on as a remedy for penitence to those enquiring of him (Anonymi 2404).: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  Praef.

Heresy-allegations/condemnations (1)

 Theodore 1.judgment about the ordination of those guilty of heresy: Theodore 1 gave his judgment about the ordination of those formerly guilty of heresy.: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  I.v.2

Judicial decision/review (6)

 Theodore 1.alleged judgment about rebaptism: Theodore 1 allegedly made a decision about rebaptism, though Anonymous 907 questioned the accuracy of this claim.: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  I.v.6
 Theodore 1.judgment about the ordination of those guilty of heresy: Theodore 1 gave his judgment about the ordination of those formerly guilty of heresy.: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  I.v.2
 Theodore 1.judgments about equivalent penalties: Theodore 1 determined various equivalences [for penances].: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  I.vii.5
 Theodore 1.judgments derived from a little book of the Irish by Anonymous 908: Theodore 1 supported his judgments with material extracted from a little book of the Irish composed by Anonymous 908.: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  Praef.
 Theodore 1.judgments made in response to questions from Eoda 1: The greater part of these [judgments] were received by Eoda 2 from Theodore 1 in response to his questions.: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  Praef.
 Theodore 1.ruling on remedy for penitence: The book contains what Theodore 1 ruled on as a remedy for penitence to those enquiring of him (Anonymi 2404).: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  Praef.

Pastoral activities/preaching (1)

 Anonymi 2406.visits to Theodore 1: Both men and women (Anonymi 2406) flocked to see Theodore 1.: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  Praef.

Penance (2)

 Theodore 1.judgments about equivalent penalties: Theodore 1 determined various equivalences [for penances].: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  I.vii.5
 Theodore 1.ruling on remedy for penitence: The book contains what Theodore 1 ruled on as a remedy for penitence to those enquiring of him (Anonymi 2404).: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  Praef.

Visit (1)

 Anonymi 2406.visits to Theodore 1: Both men and women (Anonymi 2406) flocked to see Theodore 1.: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  Praef.

Factoids linked indirectly to Theodore 1 (1)

Occupation (1)

Clergy of Theodore 1 (1)

 Anonymous 908: DiscipulusUmbrensium.LibRemPenit  Praef.

John XII.Ep.Z143: Letter to King Eadred and Arch... (4)

Recorded Name (1)

Theodorus (1)

 John XII.Ep.Z143   

Personal Information (1)

saintly status (1)

 John XII.Ep.Z143    (holy and beloved by God)

Office (1)

Archbishop (1)

 John XII.Ep.Z143   

Event (1)

Confirmation of land/privileges (1)

 John 24.letter to Oda 1 and Eadred 16: Following Eadred 16's request, John 24 wrote to confirm privileges for the monastery of St Peter and St Paul. It had to be free from every secular service. The archbishop had to have a peaceful relation with the abbot and had to treat the latter as a friend rather than a subject.: John XII.Ep.Z143    (956)

Correspondence (1)

 John 24.letter to Oda 1 and Eadred 16: Following Eadred 16's request, John 24 wrote to confirm privileges for the monastery of St Peter and St Paul. It had to be free from every secular service. The archbishop had to have a peaceful relation with the abbot and had to treat the latter as a friend rather than a subject.: John XII.Ep.Z143    (956)

Freeing from dues (1)

 John 24.letter to Oda 1 and Eadred 16: Following Eadred 16's request, John 24 wrote to confirm privileges for the monastery of St Peter and St Paul. It had to be free from every secular service. The archbishop had to have a peaceful relation with the abbot and had to treat the latter as a friend rather than a subject.: John XII.Ep.Z143    (956)

Friendship-making (1)

 John 24.letter to Oda 1 and Eadred 16: Following Eadred 16's request, John 24 wrote to confirm privileges for the monastery of St Peter and St Paul. It had to be free from every secular service. The archbishop had to have a peaceful relation with the abbot and had to treat the latter as a friend rather than a subject.: John XII.Ep.Z143    (956)

LiberPontificalis: Liber Pontificalis (5)

Recorded Name (1)

Theodorus (1)

 LiberPontificalis  Mommsen, p. 188: Vitalian, 5

Education (1)

 Theodore 1 expounded the verse 2 Cor 11.26.: Bede.OpusQuaest  95-8
 He was endowed with both secular and ecclesiastical learning.: Bede.HistAb  3
 learned: Bede.HE  Preface
 extremely learned in sacred and secualr literature: Bede.HE  iv.2
 very learned: LiberPontificalis  Mommsen, p. 188: Vitalian, 5
 proficient in both the Greek and the Roman insitutions and notions: Agatho.Ep.B48  p. 77
 from his first service endowed with the flower of philosophic art: Aldhelm.Ep  5 (pp. 492-3)

Authorship (1)

 Author of letters sent to Agatho 2 [sc. about Wilfrid 2] (Letter): Stephen.VitWilfridi  29
 Author of letters to Aldfrith 1 about reconciliation [with Wilfrid 2] (Letter): Stephen.VitWilfridi  43
 Author of letters to Ælfflæd 2 commending her to make peace with Wilfrid 2 (Letter): Stephen.VitWilfridi  43
 Author of a letter to Æthelred 2 urging him to offer protection to Wilfrid 2 and expressing the wish to see him again before he died (Letter): Stephen.VitWilfridi  43
 Author of a penitential (Confessional/Penitential text): LiberPontificalis  Mommsen, p. 188: Vitalian, 5
 Author of a letter to Vitalian 1 (Letter): Vitalian.Ep.B24   
 Author of Laterculus Malalianus (Exegetical text): Theodore.LatercMalalianus  pp. 120-60
 Author of poems (Poem): Theodore.Carm  1-4
 Author of Vita S. Anastasii ('Life of Saint Anastasius') (Saint’s Life): Theodore.VitAnastasii   
 Author of Versus Sibyllae de iudicio Dei ('Verses of the Sibyl on the Judgment of God') (Poem): Theodore.VersIudDei   
 Author of Commentarius primus in Pentateuchum ('First Commentary on the Pentateuch') (Commentary): Theodore.PentI   
 Author of a commentary (Gloss): Theodore.PentI  115
 Author of Commentarius augmentatus in Genesim, Exodum et Euangelia ('Augmented Commentary on Genesis, Exodus and the Gospels') (Commentary): Theodore.GnExEuIa   
 Author of Commentarius in euangelia secundus ('Second Commentary on the Gospels') (Commentary): Theodore.EuII   

Office (1)

Archbishop (1)

 LiberPontificalis  Mommsen, p. 188: Vitalian, 5

Event (1)

Mission/mission-sending (1)

 Vitalian 1.sending Theodore and Hadrian 2 to Britain: Vitalian 1 sent Theodore 1 and Hadrian 2 to Britain. They made very many of the churches of the English fruitful with the doctrine of the church.: LiberPontificalis  Mommsen, p. 188: Vitalian, 5

Pastoral activities/preaching (1)

 Vitalian 1.sending Theodore and Hadrian 2 to Britain: Vitalian 1 sent Theodore 1 and Hadrian 2 to Britain. They made very many of the churches of the English fruitful with the doctrine of the church.: LiberPontificalis  Mommsen, p. 188: Vitalian, 5

NewMinster.LiberVitae: The Liber Vitae of the New Min... (2)

Recorded Name (1)

Theodorus (1)

 NewMinster.LiberVitae  Fol 14v.5.vii

Office (1)

Archbishop (1)

 NewMinster.LiberVitae  Fol 14v.5.vii (Archbishop of the people of Canterbury)

OEMart: Old English Martyrology (2)

Office (1)

Archbishop (1)

 OEMart  27

Event (1)

Appointment/consecration/elevation/ordination of bishop (1)

 [Theodore 1].despatch of Chad 1 from Lastingham to be a bishop: The archbishop (Theodore 1) sent Chad 1 from the mynster at Lastingham to the Mercians, Middle Angles and those in Lindsey (Anonymi 1290) as bishop.: OEMart  27 (669)

RestingPlaces: Secgan be þam Godes sanctum þe... (2)

Office (1)

Archbishop (1)

 RestingPlaces  14

Event (1)

Education/teaching (1)

 Mildrith 1.sent overseasand returned: Mildrith 1 was sent overseas by her mother Eormenburg 1 to learn monastic discipline. Then she returned to her homeland and entered the monastery she had built as its abbess, together with 70 other virgins [Anonymi 10068], who were gathered by her mother and the king [presumably Ecgberht 3] and who received the veil from archbishop Theodore 1. There she lived serving God and obtaining the life eternal, which later was confirmed by miracles. : RestingPlaces  13-15

Grant and Gift (1)

 Mildrith 1.sent overseasand returned: Mildrith 1 was sent overseas by her mother Eormenburg 1 to learn monastic discipline. Then she returned to her homeland and entered the monastery she had built as its abbess, together with 70 other virgins [Anonymi 10068], who were gathered by her mother and the king [presumably Ecgberht 3] and who received the veil from archbishop Theodore 1. There she lived serving God and obtaining the life eternal, which later was confirmed by miracles. : RestingPlaces  13-15

Journey (1)

 Mildrith 1.sent overseasand returned: Mildrith 1 was sent overseas by her mother Eormenburg 1 to learn monastic discipline. Then she returned to her homeland and entered the monastery she had built as its abbess, together with 70 other virgins [Anonymi 10068], who were gathered by her mother and the king [presumably Ecgberht 3] and who received the veil from archbishop Theodore 1. There she lived serving God and obtaining the life eternal, which later was confirmed by miracles. : RestingPlaces  13-15

Miracle (1)

 Mildrith 1.sent overseasand returned: Mildrith 1 was sent overseas by her mother Eormenburg 1 to learn monastic discipline. Then she returned to her homeland and entered the monastery she had built as its abbess, together with 70 other virgins [Anonymi 10068], who were gathered by her mother and the king [presumably Ecgberht 3] and who received the veil from archbishop Theodore 1. There she lived serving God and obtaining the life eternal, which later was confirmed by miracles. : RestingPlaces  13-15

Monastic life, converting to/joining/oblation (1)

 Mildrith 1.sent overseasand returned: Mildrith 1 was sent overseas by her mother Eormenburg 1 to learn monastic discipline. Then she returned to her homeland and entered the monastery she had built as its abbess, together with 70 other virgins [Anonymi 10068], who were gathered by her mother and the king [presumably Ecgberht 3] and who received the veil from archbishop Theodore 1. There she lived serving God and obtaining the life eternal, which later was confirmed by miracles. : RestingPlaces  13-15

S10 (4)

Recorded Name (1)

Theodorus (1)

 S10   

Personal Information (1)

reputation (1)

 S10    (venerable)

Office (1)

Archbishop (1)

 S10   

Event (1)

Charter-witnessing (1)

 S10 - Swæfheard 1 granting land to Æbbe 3: Swæfheard 1, king of Kent, to Æbbe 3, abbess (of Minster-in-Thanet); grant of 44 hides (manentes) in Sudaneie in Thanet, and 12 hides in Sturry, Kent: S10    (689)

Grant and Gift (1)

 S10 - Swæfheard 1 granting land to Æbbe 3: Swæfheard 1, king of Kent, to Æbbe 3, abbess (of Minster-in-Thanet); grant of 44 hides (manentes) in Sudaneie in Thanet, and 12 hides in Sturry, Kent: S10    (689)

S1166 (1)

Event (1)

Charter-witnessing (1)

 S1166 - Cenfrith 2 granting land to Aldhelm 3: Cenfrith 2, comes Merciorum, to Aldhelm 3, abbot; grant of 10 hides (cassati) at Wootton Bassett, Wilts.: S1166    (680)

Grant and Gift (1)

 S1166 - Cenfrith 2 granting land to Aldhelm 3: Cenfrith 2, comes Merciorum, to Aldhelm 3, abbot; grant of 10 hides (cassati) at Wootton Bassett, Wilts.: S1166    (680)

S1167 (3)

Recorded Name (1)

Theodore (1)

 S1167   

Office (1)

Archbishop (1)

 S1167   

Event (1)

Charter-witnessing (1)

 S1167 - Æthelmod 1 granting land to Beorngyth 1, Folcburg 1 and their monastery: Æthelmod 1 to Beorngyth 1, abbess, and to Folcburg 1, and their monastery; grant of 20 hides (manentes) by the river Cherwell: S1167    (680)

Grant and Gift (1)

 S1167 - Æthelmod 1 granting land to Beorngyth 1, Folcburg 1 and their monastery: Æthelmod 1 to Beorngyth 1, abbess, and to Folcburg 1, and their monastery; grant of 20 hides (manentes) by the river Cherwell: S1167    (680)

S1168 (3)

Recorded Name (1)

Theodore (1)

 S1168   

Office (1)

Archbishop (1)

 S1168   

Event (1)

Charter-witnessing (1)

 S1168 - Wigheard 3 granting land to Beorngyth 1: Wigheard 3 to Abbess Beorngyth 1; grant of 40 hides (manentes) at Slæpi (Islip, Oxon): S1168    (681)

Grant and Gift (1)

 S1168 - Wigheard 3 granting land to Beorngyth 1: Wigheard 3 to Abbess Beorngyth 1; grant of 40 hides (manentes) at Slæpi (Islip, Oxon): S1168    (681)

S13 (3)

Recorded Name (1)

Theodorus (1)

 S13   

Office (1)

Archbishop (1)

 S13   

Event (1)

Charter-witnessing (1)

 S13 - Oswine 2 granting land to Æbbe 3: Oswine 2, king of Kent, to Æbbe 3, abbess (of Minster-in-Thanet); grant of 10 hides (manentes) in Sturry, Kent: S13    (690)

Grant and Gift (1)

 S13 - Oswine 2 granting land to Æbbe 3: Oswine 2, king of Kent, to Æbbe 3, abbess (of Minster-in-Thanet); grant of 10 hides (manentes) in Sturry, Kent: S13    (690)

S1428a (4)

Recorded Name (1)

Theodorus (1)

 S1428a   

Office (2)

Archbishop (1)

 S1428a    (archbishop of Britain and the city of Canterbury)

Bishop (1)

 S1428a   

Event (1)

Charter-witnessing (1)

 S1428a - Theodore 1 decreeing the division of bishoprics: Decree of Archbishop Theodore 1 respecting the division of the bishoprics: S1428a    (680)

Episcopal see, acquisition/institution/division/merge (1)

 S1428a - Theodore 1 decreeing the division of bishoprics: Decree of Archbishop Theodore 1 respecting the division of the bishoprics: S1428a    (680)

S1798 (1)

Event (1)

Charter-witnessing (1)

 S1798 - Mildburg 1 and Æthelheah 14 exchanging lands: Æthelheah 14, abbot of Icheanog (? Iken, Suffolk), and to the nun Mildburg 1; grant of 97 manentes at Wimnicas (Much Wenlock, Salop), 12 hides by the river Monnow, at 5 hides at Marund, Herefords., and 30 hides in the district called Lydas (? Lyde, Herefords.). In return Mildburg 1 granted Abbot Æthelheah 14 and Abbess Leubswith 1 [Liobsynde] 60 hides at Hampton, Salop..: S1798    (675 x 690)

Grant and Gift (1)

 S1798 - Mildburg 1 and Æthelheah 14 exchanging lands: Æthelheah 14, abbot of Icheanog (? Iken, Suffolk), and to the nun Mildburg 1; grant of 97 manentes at Wimnicas (Much Wenlock, Salop), 12 hides by the river Monnow, at 5 hides at Marund, Herefords., and 30 hides in the district called Lydas (? Lyde, Herefords.). In return Mildburg 1 granted Abbot Æthelheah 14 and Abbess Leubswith 1 [Liobsynde] 60 hides at Hampton, Salop..: S1798    (675 x 690)

Property-exchanging (1)

 S1798 - Mildburg 1 and Æthelheah 14 exchanging lands: Æthelheah 14, abbot of Icheanog (? Iken, Suffolk), and to the nun Mildburg 1; grant of 97 manentes at Wimnicas (Much Wenlock, Salop), 12 hides by the river Monnow, at 5 hides at Marund, Herefords., and 30 hides in the district called Lydas (? Lyde, Herefords.). In return Mildburg 1 granted Abbot Æthelheah 14 and Abbess Leubswith 1 [Liobsynde] 60 hides at Hampton, Salop..: S1798    (675 x 690)

S227 (3)

Recorded Name (1)

Theodorus (1)

 S227   

Office (1)

Archbishop (1)

 S227   

Event (1)

Charter-witnessing (1)

 S227 - Cenwealh 2 granting land to Beorhtwald 6: Cenwealh 2, king of Wessex, to Beorhtwald 6, abbot; grant of 1 hide (cassatus) and two small islands, with a fishery, at Meare, Somerset: S227    (670)

Grant and Gift (1)

 S227 - Cenwealh 2 granting land to Beorhtwald 6: Cenwealh 2, king of Wessex, to Beorhtwald 6, abbot; grant of 1 hide (cassatus) and two small islands, with a fishery, at Meare, Somerset: S227    (670)

S230 (3)

Recorded Name (1)

Theodorus (1)

 S230   

Office (1)

Archbishop (1)

 S230   

Factoids linked indirectly to Theodore 1 (1)

Education (1)

 Albinus 2: educated in the Kentish Church by Theodore 1 and Hadrian 2: Bede.HE  Preface
 Oftfor 1: He went to Kent to join Archbishop Theodore 1. He spent some time in sacred studies there.: Bede.HE  iv.23
 Aldhelm 3: He was a student of Archbishop Theodore 1: S230   
 Anonymi 2003: with grammatical knowledge: Aldhelm.Ep  5 (p. 493)

S233 (3)

Recorded Name (1)

Theodorus (1)

 S233   

Office (1)

Archbishop (1)

 S233   

Event (1)

Charter-witnessing (1)

 S233 - Cædwalla 1 granting land to Ecgbald 1: Cædwalla 1, king of the (West) Saxons, to Ecgbald 1, abbot, and his familia; grant of 40 hides (manentes) at Hoo (ad Hebureahg insulam), Kent: S233    (687)

Grant and Gift (1)

 S233 - Cædwalla 1 granting land to Ecgbald 1: Cædwalla 1, king of the (West) Saxons, to Ecgbald 1, abbot, and his familia; grant of 40 hides (manentes) at Hoo (ad Hebureahg insulam), Kent: S233    (687)

S250 (2)

Recorded Name (1)

Theodorus (1)

 S250   

Office (1)

Archbishop (1)

 S250   

S252 (2)

Recorded Name (1)

Theodore (1)

 S252   

Office (1)

Archbishop (1)

 S252   

S376 (3)

Recorded Name (1)

Theodorus (1)

 S376   

Office (1)

Bishop (1)

 S376   

Event (1)

Charter confirmation (1)

 S376 - Edward 2 and Frithestan 1 exchanging confirmations: King Edward 2 to Frithestan 1, bishop of Winchester; confirmation of the beneficial hidation of Chilcomb, Hants., in return for the bishop's confirmation to the king of leases for 100 hides at Downton, Wilts., and 70 hides at Beddington, Surrey: S376    (909)

Charter-witnessing (1)

 S376 - Edward 2 and Frithestan 1 exchanging confirmations: King Edward 2 to Frithestan 1, bishop of Winchester; confirmation of the beneficial hidation of Chilcomb, Hants., in return for the bishop's confirmation to the king of leases for 100 hides at Downton, Wilts., and 70 hides at Beddington, Surrey: S376    (909)

Confirmation of land/privileges (1)

 S376 - Edward 2 and Frithestan 1 exchanging confirmations: King Edward 2 to Frithestan 1, bishop of Winchester; confirmation of the beneficial hidation of Chilcomb, Hants., in return for the bishop's confirmation to the king of leases for 100 hides at Downton, Wilts., and 70 hides at Beddington, Surrey: S376    (909)

Lease (1)

 S376 - Edward 2 and Frithestan 1 exchanging confirmations: King Edward 2 to Frithestan 1, bishop of Winchester; confirmation of the beneficial hidation of Chilcomb, Hants., in return for the bishop's confirmation to the king of leases for 100 hides at Downton, Wilts., and 70 hides at Beddington, Surrey: S376    (909)

S51 (3)

Recorded Name (1)

Theodorus (1)

 S51   

Office (1)

Archbishop (1)

 S51   

Event (1)

Charter-witnessing (1)

 S51 - Osric 2 granting land to Bertana 1: Osric 2, king, to Bertana 1, abbess; grant of 100 hides (manentes) at Bath, Somerset, for the foundation of a nunnery: S51    (676)

Church/monastery/minster foundation/dedication/restoration (1)

 S51 - Osric 2 granting land to Bertana 1: Osric 2, king, to Bertana 1, abbess; grant of 100 hides (manentes) at Bath, Somerset, for the foundation of a nunnery: S51    (676)

Grant and Gift (1)

 S51 - Osric 2 granting land to Bertana 1: Osric 2, king, to Bertana 1, abbess; grant of 100 hides (manentes) at Bath, Somerset, for the foundation of a nunnery: S51    (676)

S66 (2)

Recorded Name (1)

Theodorus (1)

 S66   

Office (1)

Archbishop (1)

 S66    (archbishop of Canterbury)

S7 (4)

Recorded Name (1)

Theodorus (1)

 S7   

Personal Information (1)

reputation (1)

 S7    (venerable)

Office (1)

Archbishop (1)

 S7   

Event (1)

Charter-witnessing (1)

 S7 - Hlothhere 1 granting land to Canterbury, St Peter's 1: Hlothhere 1 to Canterbury, St Peter's 1 Minster (St Augustine's, Canterbury 1); grant of 3 sulungs (aratra) in Stodmarsh, Kent: S7    (675)

Grant and Gift (1)

 S7 - Hlothhere 1 granting land to Canterbury, St Peter's 1: Hlothhere 1 to Canterbury, St Peter's 1 Minster (St Augustine's, Canterbury 1); grant of 3 sulungs (aratra) in Stodmarsh, Kent: S7    (675)

S71 (4)

Recorded Name (1)

Theodorus (1)

 S71   

Office (1)

Archbishop (1)

 S71   

Occupation (1)

Monk (1)

 S71   

Event (1)

Charter-witnessing (1)

 S71 - Æthelred 2 granting land to Aldhelm 3: Æthelred 2, king of Mercians, to Aldhelm 3, abbot; grant of 15 hides (cassati) near Tetbury, Gloucs: S71    (681)

Grant and Gift (1)

 S71 - Æthelred 2 granting land to Aldhelm 3: Æthelred 2, king of Mercians, to Aldhelm 3, abbot; grant of 15 hides (cassati) near Tetbury, Gloucs: S71    (681)

S72 (8)

Recorded Name (2)

Theodorus (1)

 S72   

Wilfrid (1)

 S72   

Personal Information (2)

reputation (2)

 S72    (most venerable)
 S72    (most venerable)

Office (2)

Bishop (2)

 S72    (bishop of Canterbury)
 S72    (bishop of York)

Event (1)

Charter-witnessing (1)

 S72 - Æthelred 2 granting land to St Peter's, Medeshamstede 1: Æthelred 2, king, to St Peter's Minster, Medeshamstede 1; grant, appended to a bull of Pope Agatho 2, of land at Breedon on the Hill, Leics.; Hrepingas (? Repton, Derbys.); Cedenac; Swineshead, Lincs.; Heanbyrig; Lodeshale; Shifnal, Salop.; Costesford; Stretford (? Stretford, Salop.); Wattlesborough and Lizard, Salop.; Æthelhuniglond (? in Kent); and Bardney, Lincs: S72    (680)

Grant and Gift (1)

 S72 - Æthelred 2 granting land to St Peter's, Medeshamstede 1: Æthelred 2, king, to St Peter's Minster, Medeshamstede 1; grant, appended to a bull of Pope Agatho 2, of land at Breedon on the Hill, Leics.; Hrepingas (? Repton, Derbys.); Cedenac; Swineshead, Lincs.; Heanbyrig; Lodeshale; Shifnal, Salop.; Costesford; Stretford (? Stretford, Salop.); Wattlesborough and Lizard, Salop.; Æthelhuniglond (? in Kent); and Bardney, Lincs: S72    (680)

Papal advice/audience/decision/privilege (1)

 S72 - Æthelred 2 granting land to St Peter's, Medeshamstede 1: Æthelred 2, king, to St Peter's Minster, Medeshamstede 1; grant, appended to a bull of Pope Agatho 2, of land at Breedon on the Hill, Leics.; Hrepingas (? Repton, Derbys.); Cedenac; Swineshead, Lincs.; Heanbyrig; Lodeshale; Shifnal, Salop.; Costesford; Stretford (? Stretford, Salop.); Wattlesborough and Lizard, Salop.; Æthelhuniglond (? in Kent); and Bardney, Lincs: S72    (680)

Factoids linked indirectly to Theodore 1 (1)

Status (1)

Comes of Theodore 1 (1)

 Hadrian 2: S72   

S73 (3)

Recorded Name (1)

Theodorus (1)

 S73   

Office (1)

Archbishop (1)

 S73   

Event (1)

Charter-witnessing (1)

 S73 - Æthelred 2 granting land to Aldhelm 3: Æthelred 2, king of Mercians, to Aldhelm 3, abbot, and his successors; grant of 30 hides (cassati) west of the highway (Long Newnton, Wilts., cf S 1038) and 15 near Tetbury, Gloucs: S73    (681)

Grant and Gift (1)

 S73 - Æthelred 2 granting land to Aldhelm 3: Æthelred 2, king of Mercians, to Aldhelm 3, abbot, and his successors; grant of 30 hides (cassati) west of the highway (Long Newnton, Wilts., cf S 1038) and 15 near Tetbury, Gloucs: S73    (681)

S8 (3)

Recorded Name (1)

Theodorus (1)

 S8   

Office (1)

Archbishop (1)

 S8   

Event (1)

Charter-witnessing (1)

 S8 - Hlothhere 1 granting land to Beorhtwald 6 and minster: Hlothhere 1 to Abbot Beorhtwald 6 and his minster; grant of land at Westanae on the Isle of Thanet, and in Sturry, Kent: S8    (679)

Grant and Gift (1)

 S8 - Hlothhere 1 granting land to Beorhtwald 6 and minster: Hlothhere 1 to Abbot Beorhtwald 6 and his minster; grant of land at Westanae on the Isle of Thanet, and in Sturry, Kent: S8    (679)

S9 (3)

Recorded Name (1)

Theodorus (1)

 S9   

Office (1)

Archbishop (1)

 S9   

Event (1)

Charter-witnessing (1)

 S9 - Eadric 5 granting land to Canterbury, St Peter's 1: Eadric 5, king of Kent, to Canterbury, St Peter's 1 Minster (St Augustine's, Canterbury); grant of 3 sulungs (aratra) near Stodmarsh, Kent: S9    (686)

Grant and Gift (1)

 S9 - Eadric 5 granting land to Canterbury, St Peter's 1: Eadric 5, king of Kent, to Canterbury, St Peter's 1 Minster (St Augustine's, Canterbury); grant of 3 sulungs (aratra) near Stodmarsh, Kent: S9    (686)

Sergius.Ep.B84: Letter to all bishops in Brita... (3)

Recorded Name (1)

Theodorus (1)

 Sergius.Ep.B84   

Personal Information (1)

reputation (1)

 Sergius.Ep.B84    (of reverend memory)

Office (1)

Archbishop (1)

 Sergius.Ep.B84   

Stephen.VitWilfridi: Stephen.VitWilfridi (48)

Recorded Name (11)

Theodorus (11)

 Stephen.VitWilfridi  15
 Stephen.VitWilfridi  24
 Stephen.VitWilfridi  29
 Stephen.VitWilfridi  30
 Stephen.VitWilfridi  33
 Stephen.VitWilfridi  Cap43
 Stephen.VitWilfridi  43 (p. 86)
 Stephen.VitWilfridi  45
 Stephen.VitWilfridi  46
 Stephen.VitWilfridi  54 (p. 116)
 Stephen.VitWilfridi  60 (p. 130)

Personal Information (3)

psychological (1)

 Stephen.VitWilfridi  15 (showing indignation)

saintly status (1)

 Stephen.VitWilfridi  29 (holy)

stated health (1)

 Stephen.VitWilfridi  43 (p. 86) (He was troubled by frequent ill-health in advanced old age.)

Authorship (4)

 Author of letters sent to Agatho 2 [sc. about Wilfrid 2] (Letter): Stephen.VitWilfridi  29
 Author of letters to Aldfrith 1 about reconciliation [with Wilfrid 2] (Letter): Stephen.VitWilfridi  43
 Author of letters to Ælfflæd 2 commending her to make peace with Wilfrid 2 (Letter): Stephen.VitWilfridi  43
 Author of a letter to Æthelred 2 urging him to offer protection to Wilfrid 2 and expressing the wish to see him again before he died (Letter): Stephen.VitWilfridi  43
 Author of a penitential (Confessional/Penitential text): LiberPontificalis  Mommsen, p. 188: Vitalian, 5
 Author of a letter to Vitalian 1 (Letter): Vitalian.Ep.B24   
 Author of Laterculus Malalianus (Exegetical text): Theodore.LatercMalalianus  pp. 120-60
 Author of poems (Poem): Theodore.Carm  1-4
 Author of Vita S. Anastasii ('Life of Saint Anastasius') (Saint’s Life): Theodore.VitAnastasii   
 Author of Versus Sibyllae de iudicio Dei ('Verses of the Sibyl on the Judgment of God') (Poem): Theodore.VersIudDei   
 Author of Commentarius primus in Pentateuchum ('First Commentary on the Pentateuch') (Commentary): Theodore.PentI   
 Author of a commentary (Gloss): Theodore.PentI  115
 Author of Commentarius augmentatus in Genesim, Exodum et Euangelia ('Augmented Commentary on Genesis, Exodus and the Gospels') (Commentary): Theodore.GnExEuIa   
 Author of Commentarius in euangelia secundus ('Second Commentary on the Gospels') (Commentary): Theodore.EuII   

Office (13)

Archbishop (12)

 Stephen.VitWilfridi  15
 Stephen.VitWilfridi  24
 Stephen.VitWilfridi  29 (Most reverent archbishop)
 Stephen.VitWilfridi  30 (Most holy archbishop of the dwellers in Kent)
 Stephen.VitWilfridi  32 (Most holy archbishop)
 Stephen.VitWilfridi  33
 Stephen.VitWilfridi  43 (p. 88) (By the Grace of God archbishop)
 Stephen.VitWilfridi  44
 Stephen.VitWilfridi  46
 Stephen.VitWilfridi  54 (p. 116) (Mandated by this apostolic see archbishop of venerable memory of the holy church of the dwellers in Kent.)
 Stephen.VitWilfridi  58
 Stephen.VitWilfridi  60 (p. 130)

Bishop (1)

 Stephen.VitWilfridi  54 (p. 116) (Bishop of venerable memory)

Personal Relationship (1)

~ Son (Honorific kinship) of Theodore 1 (1)

 Æthelred 2: of Theodore 1: Stephen.VitWilfridi  43 (p. 88)

Event (16)

Appointment/consecration/elevation/ordination of bishop (3)

 Chad 1.episcopal installation at Lichfield: After being deposed from York, Chad 1 was ordained through all the ecclesiastical degrees as bishop of Lichfield.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  15
 Theodore 1.consecration of three bishops to see of Wilfrid 2 at York: In the absence of Wilfrid 2, Theodore 1 consecrated without precedent and irregularly on his own three bishops (Anonymi 331) to sections of Wilfrid 2's see.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  24
 Theodore 1.episcopal installation of Wilfrid 2 at York: Theodore 1 came from Kent and demanded that Chad 1 be deposed. He installed Wilfrid 2 as bishop in York. : Stephen.VitWilfridi  15

Challenge (1)

 Wilfrid 2.appeal against judicial decision of Ecgfrith 4 and Theodore 1: Wilfrid 2 challenged the judgment of Ecgfrith 4 and Theodore 1, who refused to change their decision; he then declared he would appeal to the Apostolic See.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  24

Conspiracy/intent to murder (1)

 Wilfrid 2.plot to seize his property: Eormenburg 1 and Ecgfrith 4 conspired to suborn Theodore 1 in order to condemn Wilfrid 2 and seize property under his control by sending Theodore 1 gifts and inviting the latter to meet them.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  24

Correspondence (3)

 Cenwald 1.arrival in Rome: Cenwald 1, sent by Theodore 1 with letters from the latter, came to Rome.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  29
 Wilfrid 2.reconciliation with Theodore 1: Theodore 1 and Wilfrid 2 were reconciled in a peace treaty. At Wilfrid 2's urging Theodore 1 sent letters to various people urging reconciliation between them and Wilfrid 2.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  43
 Wilfrid 2.reconciliation with Æthelred 2: Following a letter from Theodore 1, Æthelred 2 was reconciled to Wilfrid 2 and returned many monasteries and estates to him.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  43

Council-meeting, ecclesiastical (1)

 Agatho 2.summoning of synod: Agatho 2 summoned a synod to hear the appeal of Wilfrid 2.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  29 (679)

Death/dying (1)

 Ælfwine 4.death: Exactly one year after the appeal of Wilfrid 2 against the judicial decision by Ecgfrith 4 and Theodore 1 was rejected by them the body of Ælfwine 4 was carried into York to the grief of the people.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  24

Deposition of bishop (3)

 Chad 1.episcopal installation at Lichfield: After being deposed from York, Chad 1 was ordained through all the ecclesiastical degrees as bishop of Lichfield.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  15
 Theodore 1.episcopal installation of Wilfrid 2 at York: Theodore 1 came from Kent and demanded that Chad 1 be deposed. He installed Wilfrid 2 as bishop in York. : Stephen.VitWilfridi  15
 Wilfrid 2.ejection from York in a synod: Wilfrid 2's petition to Agatho 2, described how Theodore 1 had consecrated three bishops (Anonymi 331) in spite of Wilfrid 2 opposition.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  30

Episcopal see, acquisition/institution/division/merge (1)

 Theodore 1.consecration of three bishops to see of Wilfrid 2 at York: In the absence of Wilfrid 2, Theodore 1 consecrated without precedent and irregularly on his own three bishops (Anonymi 331) to sections of Wilfrid 2's see.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  24

Exile (1)

 Wilfrid 2.banishment from kingdom of Aldfrith 1: Aldfrith 1 banished Wilfrid 2, whom Æthelred 2 then received. Wilfrid 2 then lived in the bishopric ruled by Seaxwulf 1 before his death.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  45

Expulsion (1)

 Wilfrid 2.banishment from kingdom of Aldfrith 1: Aldfrith 1 banished Wilfrid 2, whom Æthelred 2 then received. Wilfrid 2 then lived in the bishopric ruled by Seaxwulf 1 before his death.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  45

Grant and Gift (2)

 Ecgfrith 4.granting gifts to Theodore 1: gifts: Stephen.VitWilfridi  24
 Eormenburg 1.granting gifts to Theodore 1: gifts: Stephen.VitWilfridi  24

Journey (1)

 Cenwald 1.arrival in Rome: Cenwald 1, sent by Theodore 1 with letters from the latter, came to Rome.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  29

Judicial decision/review (2)

 Wilfrid 2.appeal against judicial decision of Ecgfrith 4 and Theodore 1: Wilfrid 2 challenged the judgment of Ecgfrith 4 and Theodore 1, who refused to change their decision; he then declared he would appeal to the Apostolic See.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  24
 Ælfwine 4.death: Exactly one year after the appeal of Wilfrid 2 against the judicial decision by Ecgfrith 4 and Theodore 1 was rejected by them the body of Ælfwine 4 was carried into York to the grief of the people.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  24

Message-sending (2)

 Cenwald 1.arrival in Rome: Cenwald 1, sent by Theodore 1 with letters from the latter, came to Rome.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  29
 Wilfrid 2.reconciliation with Theodore 1: Theodore 1 and Wilfrid 2 were reconciled in a peace treaty. At Wilfrid 2's urging Theodore 1 sent letters to various people urging reconciliation between them and Wilfrid 2.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  43

Ordering (1)

 Theodore 1.episcopal installation of Wilfrid 2 at York: Theodore 1 came from Kent and demanded that Chad 1 be deposed. He installed Wilfrid 2 as bishop in York. : Stephen.VitWilfridi  15

Papal advice/audience/decision/privilege (1)

 Wilfrid 2.appeal to Agatho 2 in a papal synod: Wilfrid 2 presented a documentary appeal to the pope (Agatho 2), which was examined by ecclesiasts in a papal synod.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  29-33

Peace agreement (1)

 Wilfrid 2.reconciliation with Theodore 1: Theodore 1 and Wilfrid 2 were reconciled in a peace treaty. At Wilfrid 2's urging Theodore 1 sent letters to various people urging reconciliation between them and Wilfrid 2.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  43

Reconciliation (1)

 Wilfrid 2.reconciliation with Æthelred 2: Following a letter from Theodore 1, Æthelred 2 was reconciled to Wilfrid 2 and returned many monasteries and estates to him.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  43

Reporting (1)

 Wilfrid 2.ejection from York in a synod: Wilfrid 2's petition to Agatho 2, described how Theodore 1 had consecrated three bishops (Anonymi 331) in spite of Wilfrid 2 opposition.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  30

Residence (1)

 Wilfrid 2.banishment from kingdom of Aldfrith 1: Aldfrith 1 banished Wilfrid 2, whom Æthelred 2 then received. Wilfrid 2 then lived in the bishopric ruled by Seaxwulf 1 before his death.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  45

Restoration of land/property (1)

 Wilfrid 2.reconciliation with Aldfrith 1: Aldfrith 1 invited Wilfrid 2 to him from exile and restored Hexham and subsequently York and Ripon to him.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  43-44

Treaty (1)

 Wilfrid 2.reconciliation with Theodore 1: Theodore 1 and Wilfrid 2 were reconciled in a peace treaty. At Wilfrid 2's urging Theodore 1 sent letters to various people urging reconciliation between them and Wilfrid 2.: Stephen.VitWilfridi  43

Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto: Historia de Sancto Cuthberto (3)

Office (1)

Archbishop (1)

 Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto  3

Event (2)

Appointment - ecclesiastical (1)

 Ecgfrith 4-Theodore 1.grant to Cuthbert 1: King Ecgfrith 4 and Archbishop Theodore 1 gave to St Cuthbert 1 in the city of York all the land that lies from the wall of the church of York, St Peter's 1 as far as the great gate towards the west, and from the wall of the church of St Peter as far as the city wall towards the south. They also gave him the vill that is called Crayke and three miles in circumference around the same vill, so that he might have a stopping-place there whenever he went to or returned from York. And St Cuthbert 1 installed a congregating of monks there and ordained an abbot, and because it seemed a small territory, he added the city that is called Carlisle, which has a circumference of fifteen miles, and in the same city he placed a congregation of nuns, and ordained an abbess [Anonymous 59] and established schools.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto  5

Appointment/consecration/elevation/ordination of abbot (1)

 Ecgfrith 4-Theodore 1.grant to Cuthbert 1: King Ecgfrith 4 and Archbishop Theodore 1 gave to St Cuthbert 1 in the city of York all the land that lies from the wall of the church of York, St Peter's 1 as far as the great gate towards the west, and from the wall of the church of St Peter as far as the city wall towards the south. They also gave him the vill that is called Crayke and three miles in circumference around the same vill, so that he might have a stopping-place there whenever he went to or returned from York. And St Cuthbert 1 installed a congregating of monks there and ordained an abbot, and because it seemed a small territory, he added the city that is called Carlisle, which has a circumference of fifteen miles, and in the same city he placed a congregation of nuns, and ordained an abbess [Anonymous 59] and established schools.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto  5

Appointment/consecration/elevation/ordination of bishop (1)

 Cuthbert 1.made bishop: During the reign of Ecgfrith 4, Archbishop Theodore 1 of York and all the people, be common counsel and with one accord, acclaimed St Cuthbert 1 to be bishop of Hexham. He, however, resisted this in every way, asserting himself to be a sinner and unworthy of the bishopric, confining himself most strictly on his island. Then King Ecgfrith 4 and Archbishop Theodore 1 and the whole people gathered in a synod decreed by common counsel that, whether he wished it or not, they would take him from the island and install him in the bishopric. And so it was done. Seized indeed by the people, he was taken to the vill which is called Alne, near the city of York. Having there accepted an oath of fealty from all, he was ordained by Archbishop Theodore 1. There were seven bishops at his ordination: Chad 1 and Cedd 1 and four (sic) other holy bishops. The same day Eata 2, bishop of Lindisfarne, and St Cuthbert 1, in common counsel with King Ecgfrith 4 and the archbishop and those seven bishops and all the magnates, exchanged their sees. Thus Eata 2 sat at Hexham and saintly Cuthbert 1, on account of his previous monastic life there, obtained the bishop's seat at Lindisfarne.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto  3

Church/monastery/minster foundation/dedication/restoration (1)

 Ecgfrith 4-Theodore 1.grant to Cuthbert 1: King Ecgfrith 4 and Archbishop Theodore 1 gave to St Cuthbert 1 in the city of York all the land that lies from the wall of the church of York, St Peter's 1 as far as the great gate towards the west, and from the wall of the church of St Peter as far as the city wall towards the south. They also gave him the vill that is called Crayke and three miles in circumference around the same vill, so that he might have a stopping-place there whenever he went to or returned from York. And St Cuthbert 1 installed a congregating of monks there and ordained an abbot, and because it seemed a small territory, he added the city that is called Carlisle, which has a circumference of fifteen miles, and in the same city he placed a congregation of nuns, and ordained an abbess [Anonymous 59] and established schools.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto  5

Council-meeting, ecclesiastical (1)

 Cuthbert 1.made bishop: During the reign of Ecgfrith 4, Archbishop Theodore 1 of York and all the people, be common counsel and with one accord, acclaimed St Cuthbert 1 to be bishop of Hexham. He, however, resisted this in every way, asserting himself to be a sinner and unworthy of the bishopric, confining himself most strictly on his island. Then King Ecgfrith 4 and Archbishop Theodore 1 and the whole people gathered in a synod decreed by common counsel that, whether he wished it or not, they would take him from the island and install him in the bishopric. And so it was done. Seized indeed by the people, he was taken to the vill which is called Alne, near the city of York. Having there accepted an oath of fealty from all, he was ordained by Archbishop Theodore 1. There were seven bishops at his ordination: Chad 1 and Cedd 1 and four (sic) other holy bishops. The same day Eata 2, bishop of Lindisfarne, and St Cuthbert 1, in common counsel with King Ecgfrith 4 and the archbishop and those seven bishops and all the magnates, exchanged their sees. Thus Eata 2 sat at Hexham and saintly Cuthbert 1, on account of his previous monastic life there, obtained the bishop's seat at Lindisfarne.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto  3

Election of bishop (1)

 Cuthbert 1.made bishop: During the reign of Ecgfrith 4, Archbishop Theodore 1 of York and all the people, be common counsel and with one accord, acclaimed St Cuthbert 1 to be bishop of Hexham. He, however, resisted this in every way, asserting himself to be a sinner and unworthy of the bishopric, confining himself most strictly on his island. Then King Ecgfrith 4 and Archbishop Theodore 1 and the whole people gathered in a synod decreed by common counsel that, whether he wished it or not, they would take him from the island and install him in the bishopric. And so it was done. Seized indeed by the people, he was taken to the vill which is called Alne, near the city of York. Having there accepted an oath of fealty from all, he was ordained by Archbishop Theodore 1. There were seven bishops at his ordination: Chad 1 and Cedd 1 and four (sic) other holy bishops. The same day Eata 2, bishop of Lindisfarne, and St Cuthbert 1, in common counsel with King Ecgfrith 4 and the archbishop and those seven bishops and all the magnates, exchanged their sees. Thus Eata 2 sat at Hexham and saintly Cuthbert 1, on account of his previous monastic life there, obtained the bishop's seat at Lindisfarne.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto  3

Grant and Gift (1)

 Ecgfrith 4-Theodore 1.grant to Cuthbert 1: King Ecgfrith 4 and Archbishop Theodore 1 gave to St Cuthbert 1 in the city of York all the land that lies from the wall of the church of York, St Peter's 1 as far as the great gate towards the west, and from the wall of the church of St Peter as far as the city wall towards the south. They also gave him the vill that is called Crayke and three miles in circumference around the same vill, so that he might have a stopping-place there whenever he went to or returned from York. And St Cuthbert 1 installed a congregating of monks there and ordained an abbot, and because it seemed a small territory, he added the city that is called Carlisle, which has a circumference of fifteen miles, and in the same city he placed a congregation of nuns, and ordained an abbess [Anonymous 59] and established schools.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto  5

Oath-swearing/fealty (1)

 Cuthbert 1.made bishop: During the reign of Ecgfrith 4, Archbishop Theodore 1 of York and all the people, be common counsel and with one accord, acclaimed St Cuthbert 1 to be bishop of Hexham. He, however, resisted this in every way, asserting himself to be a sinner and unworthy of the bishopric, confining himself most strictly on his island. Then King Ecgfrith 4 and Archbishop Theodore 1 and the whole people gathered in a synod decreed by common counsel that, whether he wished it or not, they would take him from the island and install him in the bishopric. And so it was done. Seized indeed by the people, he was taken to the vill which is called Alne, near the city of York. Having there accepted an oath of fealty from all, he was ordained by Archbishop Theodore 1. There were seven bishops at his ordination: Chad 1 and Cedd 1 and four (sic) other holy bishops. The same day Eata 2, bishop of Lindisfarne, and St Cuthbert 1, in common counsel with King Ecgfrith 4 and the archbishop and those seven bishops and all the magnates, exchanged their sees. Thus Eata 2 sat at Hexham and saintly Cuthbert 1, on account of his previous monastic life there, obtained the bishop's seat at Lindisfarne.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto  3

School-founding (1)

 Ecgfrith 4-Theodore 1.grant to Cuthbert 1: King Ecgfrith 4 and Archbishop Theodore 1 gave to St Cuthbert 1 in the city of York all the land that lies from the wall of the church of York, St Peter's 1 as far as the great gate towards the west, and from the wall of the church of St Peter as far as the city wall towards the south. They also gave him the vill that is called Crayke and three miles in circumference around the same vill, so that he might have a stopping-place there whenever he went to or returned from York. And St Cuthbert 1 installed a congregating of monks there and ordained an abbot, and because it seemed a small territory, he added the city that is called Carlisle, which has a circumference of fifteen miles, and in the same city he placed a congregation of nuns, and ordained an abbess [Anonymous 59] and established schools.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto  5

Theodore.Carm: [Carmina] (4)

Recorded Name (1)

Theodorus (1)

 Theodore.Carm  1.6

Authorship (1)

 Author of letters sent to Agatho 2 [sc. about Wilfrid 2] (Letter): Stephen.VitWilfridi  29
 Author of letters to Aldfrith 1 about reconciliation [with Wilfrid 2] (Letter): Stephen.VitWilfridi  43
 Author of letters to Ælfflæd 2 commending her to make peace with Wilfrid 2 (Letter): Stephen.VitWilfridi  43
 Author of a letter to Æthelred 2 urging him to offer protection to Wilfrid 2 and expressing the wish to see him again before he died (Letter): Stephen.VitWilfridi  43
 Author of a penitential (Confessional/Penitential text): LiberPontificalis  Mommsen, p. 188: Vitalian, 5
 Author of a letter to Vitalian 1 (Letter): Vitalian.Ep.B24   
 Author of Laterculus Malalianus (Exegetical text): Theodore.LatercMalalianus  pp. 120-60
 Author of poems (Poem): Theodore.Carm  1-4
 Author of Vita S. Anastasii ('Life of Saint Anastasius') (Saint’s Life): Theodore.VitAnastasii   
 Author of Versus Sibyllae de iudicio Dei ('Verses of the Sibyl on the Judgment of God') (Poem): Theodore.VersIudDei   
 Author of Commentarius primus in Pentateuchum ('First Commentary on the Pentateuch') (Commentary): Theodore.PentI   
 Author of a commentary (Gloss): Theodore.PentI  115
 Author of Commentarius augmentatus in Genesim, Exodum et Euangelia ('Augmented Commentary on Genesis, Exodus and the Gospels') (Commentary): Theodore.GnExEuIa   
 Author of Commentarius in euangelia secundus ('Second Commentary on the Gospels') (Commentary): Theodore.EuII   

Status (1)

Peregrinus (1)

 Theodore.Carm  1.6

Event (1)

Praying (1)

 Theodore 1.request that Hædde 2 pray for him: Theodore 1 asked Hædde 2 for his prayers.: Theodore.Carm  1.6

Request (1)

 Theodore 1.request that Hædde 2 pray for him: Theodore 1 asked Hædde 2 for his prayers.: Theodore.Carm  1.6

Theodore.EuII: [Commentarius in euangelia sec... (1)

Authorship (1)

 Author of letters sent to Agatho 2 [sc. about Wilfrid 2] (Letter): Stephen.VitWilfridi  29
 Author of letters to Aldfrith 1 about reconciliation [with Wilfrid 2] (Letter): Stephen.VitWilfridi  43
 Author of letters to Ælfflæd 2 commending her to make peace with Wilfrid 2 (Letter): Stephen.VitWilfridi  43
 Author of a letter to Æthelred 2 urging him to offer protection to Wilfrid 2 and expressing the wish to see him again before he died (Letter): Stephen.VitWilfridi  43
 Author of a penitential (Confessional/Penitential text): LiberPontificalis  Mommsen, p. 188: Vitalian, 5
 Author of a letter to Vitalian 1 (Letter): Vitalian.Ep.B24   
 Author of Laterculus Malalianus (Exegetical text): Theodore.LatercMalalianus  pp. 120-60
 Author of poems (Poem): Theodore.Carm  1-4
 Author of Vita S. Anastasii ('Life of Saint Anastasius') (Saint’s Life): Theodore.VitAnastasii   
 Author of Versus Sibyllae de iudicio Dei ('Verses of the Sibyl on the Judgment of God') (Poem): Theodore.VersIudDei   
 Author of Commentarius primus in Pentateuchum ('First Commentary on the Pentateuch') (Commentary): Theodore.PentI   
 Author of a commentary (Gloss): Theodore.PentI  115
 Author of Commentarius augmentatus in Genesim, Exodum et Euangelia ('Augmented Commentary on Genesis, Exodus and the Gospels') (Commentary): Theodore.GnExEuIa   
 Author of Commentarius in euangelia secundus ('Second Commentary on the Gospels') (Commentary): Theodore.EuII   

Theodore.GnExEuIa: [Commentarius augmentatus in G... (1)

Authorship (1)

 Author of letters sent to Agatho 2 [sc. about Wilfrid 2] (Letter): Stephen.VitWilfridi  29
 Author of letters to Aldfrith 1 about reconciliation [with Wilfrid 2] (Letter): Stephen.VitWilfridi  43
 Author of letters to Ælfflæd 2 commending her to make peace with Wilfrid 2 (Letter): Stephen.VitWilfridi  43
 Author of a letter to Æthelred 2 urging him to offer protection to Wilfrid 2 and expressing the wish to see him again before he died (Letter): Stephen.VitWilfridi  43
 Author of a penitential (Confessional/Penitential text): LiberPontificalis  Mommsen, p. 188: Vitalian, 5
 Author of a letter to Vitalian 1 (Letter): Vitalian.Ep.B24   
 Author of Laterculus Malalianus (Exegetical text): Theodore.LatercMalalianus  pp. 120-60
 Author of poems (Poem): Theodore.Carm  1-4
 Author of Vita S. Anastasii ('Life of Saint Anastasius') (Saint’s Life): Theodore.VitAnastasii   
 Author of Versus Sibyllae de iudicio Dei ('Verses of the Sibyl on the Judgment of God') (Poem): Theodore.VersIudDei   
 Author of Commentarius primus in Pentateuchum ('First Commentary on the Pentateuch') (Commentary): Theodore.PentI   
 Author of a commentary (Gloss): Theodore.PentI  115
 Author of Commentarius augmentatus in Genesim, Exodum et Euangelia ('Augmented Commentary on Genesis, Exodus and the Gospels') (Commentary): Theodore.GnExEuIa   
 Author of Commentarius in euangelia secundus ('Second Commentary on the Gospels') (Commentary): Theodore.EuII   

Theodore.LatercMalalianus: Laterculus Malalianus (1)

Authorship (1)

 Author of letters sent to Agatho 2 [sc. about Wilfrid 2] (Letter): Stephen.VitWilfridi  29
 Author of letters to Aldfrith 1 about reconciliation [with Wilfrid 2] (Letter): Stephen.VitWilfridi  43
 Author of letters to Ælfflæd 2 commending her to make peace with Wilfrid 2 (Letter): Stephen.VitWilfridi  43
 Author of a letter to Æthelred 2 urging him to offer protection to Wilfrid 2 and expressing the wish to see him again before he died (Letter): Stephen.VitWilfridi  43
 Author of a penitential (Confessional/Penitential text): LiberPontificalis  Mommsen, p. 188: Vitalian, 5
 Author of a letter to Vitalian 1 (Letter): Vitalian.Ep.B24   
 Author of Laterculus Malalianus (Exegetical text): Theodore.LatercMalalianus  pp. 120-60
 Author of poems (Poem): Theodore.Carm  1-4
 Author of Vita S. Anastasii ('Life of Saint Anastasius') (Saint’s Life): Theodore.VitAnastasii   
 Author of Versus Sibyllae de iudicio Dei ('Verses of the Sibyl on the Judgment of God') (Poem): Theodore.VersIudDei   
 Author of Commentarius primus in Pentateuchum ('First Commentary on the Pentateuch') (Commentary): Theodore.PentI   
 Author of a commentary (Gloss): Theodore.PentI  115
 Author of Commentarius augmentatus in Genesim, Exodum et Euangelia ('Augmented Commentary on Genesis, Exodus and the Gospels') (Commentary): Theodore.GnExEuIa   
 Author of Commentarius in euangelia secundus ('Second Commentary on the Gospels') (Commentary): Theodore.EuII   

Theodore.PentI: [Commentarius primus in Pentat... (3)

Recorded Name (1)

Theodorus (1)

 Theodore.PentI  115

Authorship (2)

 Author of letters sent to Agatho 2 [sc. about Wilfrid 2] (Letter): Stephen.VitWilfridi  29
 Author of letters to Aldfrith 1 about reconciliation [with Wilfrid 2] (Letter): Stephen.VitWilfridi  43
 Author of letters to Ælfflæd 2 commending her to make peace with Wilfrid 2 (Letter): Stephen.VitWilfridi  43
 Author of a letter to Æthelred 2 urging him to offer protection to Wilfrid 2 and expressing the wish to see him again before he died (Letter): Stephen.VitWilfridi  43
 Author of a penitential (Confessional/Penitential text): LiberPontificalis  Mommsen, p. 188: Vitalian, 5
 Author of a letter to Vitalian 1 (Letter): Vitalian.Ep.B24   
 Author of Laterculus Malalianus (Exegetical text): Theodore.LatercMalalianus  pp. 120-60
 Author of poems (Poem): Theodore.Carm  1-4
 Author of Vita S. Anastasii ('Life of Saint Anastasius') (Saint’s Life): Theodore.VitAnastasii   
 Author of Versus Sibyllae de iudicio Dei ('Verses of the Sibyl on the Judgment of God') (Poem): Theodore.VersIudDei   
 Author of Commentarius primus in Pentateuchum ('First Commentary on the Pentateuch') (Commentary): Theodore.PentI   
 Author of a commentary (Gloss): Theodore.PentI  115
 Author of Commentarius augmentatus in Genesim, Exodum et Euangelia ('Augmented Commentary on Genesis, Exodus and the Gospels') (Commentary): Theodore.GnExEuIa   
 Author of Commentarius in euangelia secundus ('Second Commentary on the Gospels') (Commentary): Theodore.EuII   

Theodore.VersIudDei: Versus Sibyllae de iudicio Dei (1)

Authorship (1)

 Author of letters sent to Agatho 2 [sc. about Wilfrid 2] (Letter): Stephen.VitWilfridi  29
 Author of letters to Aldfrith 1 about reconciliation [with Wilfrid 2] (Letter): Stephen.VitWilfridi  43
 Author of letters to Ælfflæd 2 commending her to make peace with Wilfrid 2 (Letter): Stephen.VitWilfridi  43
 Author of a letter to Æthelred 2 urging him to offer protection to Wilfrid 2 and expressing the wish to see him again before he died (Letter): Stephen.VitWilfridi  43
 Author of a penitential (Confessional/Penitential text): LiberPontificalis  Mommsen, p. 188: Vitalian, 5
 Author of a letter to Vitalian 1 (Letter): Vitalian.Ep.B24   
 Author of Laterculus Malalianus (Exegetical text): Theodore.LatercMalalianus  pp. 120-60
 Author of poems (Poem): Theodore.Carm  1-4
 Author of Vita S. Anastasii ('Life of Saint Anastasius') (Saint’s Life): Theodore.VitAnastasii   
 Author of Versus Sibyllae de iudicio Dei ('Verses of the Sibyl on the Judgment of God') (Poem): Theodore.VersIudDei   
 Author of Commentarius primus in Pentateuchum ('First Commentary on the Pentateuch') (Commentary): Theodore.PentI   
 Author of a commentary (Gloss): Theodore.PentI  115
 Author of Commentarius augmentatus in Genesim, Exodum et Euangelia ('Augmented Commentary on Genesis, Exodus and the Gospels') (Commentary): Theodore.GnExEuIa   
 Author of Commentarius in euangelia secundus ('Second Commentary on the Gospels') (Commentary): Theodore.EuII   

Theodore.VitAnastasii: Vita S. Anastasii (1)

Authorship (1)

 Author of letters sent to Agatho 2 [sc. about Wilfrid 2] (Letter): Stephen.VitWilfridi  29
 Author of letters to Aldfrith 1 about reconciliation [with Wilfrid 2] (Letter): Stephen.VitWilfridi  43
 Author of letters to Ælfflæd 2 commending her to make peace with Wilfrid 2 (Letter): Stephen.VitWilfridi  43
 Author of a letter to Æthelred 2 urging him to offer protection to Wilfrid 2 and expressing the wish to see him again before he died (Letter): Stephen.VitWilfridi  43
 Author of a penitential (Confessional/Penitential text): LiberPontificalis  Mommsen, p. 188: Vitalian, 5
 Author of a letter to Vitalian 1 (Letter): Vitalian.Ep.B24   
 Author of Laterculus Malalianus (Exegetical text): Theodore.LatercMalalianus  pp. 120-60
 Author of poems (Poem): Theodore.Carm  1-4
 Author of Vita S. Anastasii ('Life of Saint Anastasius') (Saint’s Life): Theodore.VitAnastasii   
 Author of Versus Sibyllae de iudicio Dei ('Verses of the Sibyl on the Judgment of God') (Poem): Theodore.VersIudDei   
 Author of Commentarius primus in Pentateuchum ('First Commentary on the Pentateuch') (Commentary): Theodore.PentI   
 Author of a commentary (Gloss): Theodore.PentI  115
 Author of Commentarius augmentatus in Genesim, Exodum et Euangelia ('Augmented Commentary on Genesis, Exodus and the Gospels') (Commentary): Theodore.GnExEuIa   
 Author of Commentarius in euangelia secundus ('Second Commentary on the Gospels') (Commentary): Theodore.EuII   

Vitalian.Ep.B24: Letter to Theodore (6)

Recorded Name (1)

Theodorus (1)

 Vitalian.Ep.B24   

Personal Information (1)

intellectual (1)

 Vitalian.Ep.B24    (Your wise Holiness)

Authorship (1)

 Author of letters sent to Agatho 2 [sc. about Wilfrid 2] (Letter): Stephen.VitWilfridi  29
 Author of letters to Aldfrith 1 about reconciliation [with Wilfrid 2] (Letter): Stephen.VitWilfridi  43
 Author of letters to Ælfflæd 2 commending her to make peace with Wilfrid 2 (Letter): Stephen.VitWilfridi  43
 Author of a letter to Æthelred 2 urging him to offer protection to Wilfrid 2 and expressing the wish to see him again before he died (Letter): Stephen.VitWilfridi  43
 Author of a penitential (Confessional/Penitential text): LiberPontificalis  Mommsen, p. 188: Vitalian, 5
 Author of a letter to Vitalian 1 (Letter): Vitalian.Ep.B24   
 Author of Laterculus Malalianus (Exegetical text): Theodore.LatercMalalianus  pp. 120-60
 Author of poems (Poem): Theodore.Carm  1-4
 Author of Vita S. Anastasii ('Life of Saint Anastasius') (Saint’s Life): Theodore.VitAnastasii   
 Author of Versus Sibyllae de iudicio Dei ('Verses of the Sibyl on the Judgment of God') (Poem): Theodore.VersIudDei   
 Author of Commentarius primus in Pentateuchum ('First Commentary on the Pentateuch') (Commentary): Theodore.PentI   
 Author of a commentary (Gloss): Theodore.PentI  115
 Author of Commentarius augmentatus in Genesim, Exodum et Euangelia ('Augmented Commentary on Genesis, Exodus and the Gospels') (Commentary): Theodore.GnExEuIa   
 Author of Commentarius in euangelia secundus ('Second Commentary on the Gospels') (Commentary): Theodore.EuII   

Personal Relationship (1)

Theodore 1 Brother (Honorific kinship) of ~ (1)

 of Vitalian 1: Vitalian.Ep.B24   

Event (1)

Confirmation of land/privileges (1)

 Vitalian 1.letter to Theodore 1: At the request of Theodore 1, Vitalian 1 confirmed all the privileges that Gregory 1 had signed for Augustine 1, including the use of the pallium.: Vitalian.Ep.B24    (668)

Pallium-despatch/receipt/request (1)

 Vitalian 1.letter to Theodore 1: At the request of Theodore 1, Vitalian 1 confirmed all the privileges that Gregory 1 had signed for Augustine 1, including the use of the pallium.: Vitalian.Ep.B24    (668)

Papal advice/audience/decision/privilege (1)

 Vitalian 1.letter to Theodore 1: At the request of Theodore 1, Vitalian 1 confirmed all the privileges that Gregory 1 had signed for Augustine 1, including the use of the pallium.: Vitalian.Ep.B24    (668)

Request (1)

 Vitalian 1.letter to Theodore 1: At the request of Theodore 1, Vitalian 1 confirmed all the privileges that Gregory 1 had signed for Augustine 1, including the use of the pallium.: Vitalian.Ep.B24    (668)

Factoids linked indirectly to Theodore 1 (1)

Authorship (1)

Vitalian 1:  Author of a letter to Theodore 1 (Letter): Vitalian.Ep.B24   
Agatho 2:  Author of a letter to Theodore 1 and Seaxwulf 1 (Letter): Agatho.Ep.B48  pp. 74-9

WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum: Gesta Pontificum Anglorum (15)

Office (1)

Archbishop (1)

 WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.1.3

Event (11)

Absolution (1)

 Theodore 1.restoring bishopric to Wilfrid 2: Theodore 1 was nearing his death, and feeling remorse for his sin against Wilfrid 2 he summoned both him and Bishop Eorcenwald 1 to London. He confessed his sins before the two bishops, asking Wilfrid 2 to forgive him and to accept his archbishopric in his place. Wilfrid 2 would not agree to take over the archbishopric without a decision in a higher council. Theodore 1 did everything to ensure that Wilfrid 2 receives his bishopric back, sending envoys to Aldfrith 1 king of the Northumbrians, Ecgfrith 4's successor, to his sister Ælfflæd 2 abbess of Whitby, and to Æthelred 2 king of the Mercians. When Aldfrith 1, who had known Wilfrid 2 well in the past, received the archbishop's letter, he granted him the monastery at Hexham and then, on the decision of his council, the bishopric of York and the monastery of Ripon.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.103.1-104.1

Accusation (1)

 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Advice/counsel (1)

 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Appointment - ecclesiastical (1)

 Wilfrid 2.episcopal consecration: When Wilfrid 2 discovered that Chad 1 had been appointed to his see, her retired to Ripon for three years, acting as a priest. He was often called in by Wulfhere 1 king of the Mercians, who gave him a site called Lichfield on which to build a cathedral or a monastery. He was honoured with equal generosity by Ecgberht 3 king of Kent; and when Ecgberht 3 summoned him there Wilfrid 2 advanced many of his subjects up the grades of church preferment. One was Putta 1, whom he made a priest (later Theodore 1 promoted him to be bishop of Rochester). When Theodore 1 arrived to England, he saw that the canons had been flouted, and he degraded Chad 1, whose long-suffering touched Wilfrid 2's heard; by his help, Chad 1 was advanced for a second time though all the degrees and installed as bishop of Lichfield. At York Wilfrid 2 repaired and rebuilt a church built long ago by King Edwin 2; he also had a church built in Ripon. To its consecration were invited the brother kings Ecgfrith 4 and Ælfwine 4. For their father Oswiu 1 had died meanwhile, and it was they who endowed the place with vast estates.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.19-23

Appointment/consecration/elevation/ordination of abbot (1)

 Biscop 2.surrending his abbacy: Biscop 2 spent most of his life abroad on business. He therefore gladly yielded control of St Augustine's Canterbury to Hadrian 2 on his arrival, although King Ecgberht 3 had appointed him abbot there. Biscop 2 did so out of respect for his superior, Archbishop Theodore 1.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iv.186.9

Appointment/consecration/elevation/ordination of archbishop (1)

 Beorhtwald 6.succession: Theodore 1 was succeeded by Beorhtwald 6, for thirty-seven years, and he by Tatwine 2.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.2.1

Appointment/consecration/elevation/ordination of bishop (6)

 Leuthhere 2.episcopal consecration: Leuthhere 2, nephew of Agilbert 1, was consecrated bishop of the West Saxons by Theodore 1. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  ii.75.9
 Putta 1.ecclesiastical career: Theodore 1 appointed bishop of Rochester Putta 1, a man as fit for the ease of the church life as he was dull and lazy in lay business. In the end, after frequently thinking of retiring from his bishopric while all was perfectly peaceful, he was happy to embrace the excuse of injury from an enemy. For Æthelred 2 king of the Mercians, inflamed by some insolent reply from the king of Kent, was putting his whole realm to fire and sword, and he had devastated all the lands of the bishopric of Rochester. Putta 1 took this misfortune calmly, and repaired to Seaxwulf 1 bishop of the Mercians. By his generosity he obtained a country church and a small estate, where he lived out his live in peace, conduction public instruction in church music wherever he was asked to go.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.72.7-8
 Theodore 1.exercise of power: [Theodore 1], as Bede 1 tells us, was sent by the pope, and was the first of all the bishops at Canterbury who exercised episcopal power over all Britain. For example, he removed and installed bishops on both sides of the Humber as he pleased. At York itself, according to Bede 1, he consecrated the bishops of other cities, and as we read in the Life of St Wilfrid 2, he drove out, for good reason or by brute force, Chad 1 and Wilfrid 2 himself, bishops of the place.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.1.3
 Theodore 1.restoring bishopric to Wilfrid 2: Theodore 1 was nearing his death, and feeling remorse for his sin against Wilfrid 2 he summoned both him and Bishop Eorcenwald 1 to London. He confessed his sins before the two bishops, asking Wilfrid 2 to forgive him and to accept his archbishopric in his place. Wilfrid 2 would not agree to take over the archbishopric without a decision in a higher council. Theodore 1 did everything to ensure that Wilfrid 2 receives his bishopric back, sending envoys to Aldfrith 1 king of the Northumbrians, Ecgfrith 4's successor, to his sister Ælfflæd 2 abbess of Whitby, and to Æthelred 2 king of the Mercians. When Aldfrith 1, who had known Wilfrid 2 well in the past, received the archbishop's letter, he granted him the monastery at Hexham and then, on the decision of his council, the bishopric of York and the monastery of Ripon.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.103.1-104.1
 Wilfrid 2.elevation to the see of York: Wilfrid 2 was chosen to fill the see of York, and sent by King Aldfrith 1 [more likely by Ealhfrith 1], son of King Oswiu 1, to Gaul for consecration. While he dallied overseas, King Oswiu 1 foisted Chad 1 on the throne of York. Chad 1 was very holy, but his election was illegal. The wrong was set right when Theodore 1 was sent from the papal see to be archbishop of Canterbury: Chad 1 was removed, and Wilfrid 2 put on the throne.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.2
 Wilfrid 2.episcopal consecration: When Wilfrid 2 discovered that Chad 1 had been appointed to his see, her retired to Ripon for three years, acting as a priest. He was often called in by Wulfhere 1 king of the Mercians, who gave him a site called Lichfield on which to build a cathedral or a monastery. He was honoured with equal generosity by Ecgberht 3 king of Kent; and when Ecgberht 3 summoned him there Wilfrid 2 advanced many of his subjects up the grades of church preferment. One was Putta 1, whom he made a priest (later Theodore 1 promoted him to be bishop of Rochester). When Theodore 1 arrived to England, he saw that the canons had been flouted, and he degraded Chad 1, whose long-suffering touched Wilfrid 2's heard; by his help, Chad 1 was advanced for a second time though all the degrees and installed as bishop of Lichfield. At York Wilfrid 2 repaired and rebuilt a church built long ago by King Edwin 2; he also had a church built in Ripon. To its consecration were invited the brother kings Ecgfrith 4 and Ælfwine 4. For their father Oswiu 1 had died meanwhile, and it was they who endowed the place with vast estates.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.19-23

Appointment/consecration/elevation/ordination of priest (1)

 Wilfrid 2.episcopal consecration: When Wilfrid 2 discovered that Chad 1 had been appointed to his see, her retired to Ripon for three years, acting as a priest. He was often called in by Wulfhere 1 king of the Mercians, who gave him a site called Lichfield on which to build a cathedral or a monastery. He was honoured with equal generosity by Ecgberht 3 king of Kent; and when Ecgberht 3 summoned him there Wilfrid 2 advanced many of his subjects up the grades of church preferment. One was Putta 1, whom he made a priest (later Theodore 1 promoted him to be bishop of Rochester). When Theodore 1 arrived to England, he saw that the canons had been flouted, and he degraded Chad 1, whose long-suffering touched Wilfrid 2's heard; by his help, Chad 1 was advanced for a second time though all the degrees and installed as bishop of Lichfield. At York Wilfrid 2 repaired and rebuilt a church built long ago by King Edwin 2; he also had a church built in Ripon. To its consecration were invited the brother kings Ecgfrith 4 and Ælfwine 4. For their father Oswiu 1 had died meanwhile, and it was they who endowed the place with vast estates.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.19-23

Arrest (1)

 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Assistance (1)

 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Campaigning (1)

 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Capture (1)

 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Church/monastery/minster foundation/dedication/restoration (1)

 Wilfrid 2.episcopal consecration: When Wilfrid 2 discovered that Chad 1 had been appointed to his see, her retired to Ripon for three years, acting as a priest. He was often called in by Wulfhere 1 king of the Mercians, who gave him a site called Lichfield on which to build a cathedral or a monastery. He was honoured with equal generosity by Ecgberht 3 king of Kent; and when Ecgberht 3 summoned him there Wilfrid 2 advanced many of his subjects up the grades of church preferment. One was Putta 1, whom he made a priest (later Theodore 1 promoted him to be bishop of Rochester). When Theodore 1 arrived to England, he saw that the canons had been flouted, and he degraded Chad 1, whose long-suffering touched Wilfrid 2's heard; by his help, Chad 1 was advanced for a second time though all the degrees and installed as bishop of Lichfield. At York Wilfrid 2 repaired and rebuilt a church built long ago by King Edwin 2; he also had a church built in Ripon. To its consecration were invited the brother kings Ecgfrith 4 and Ælfwine 4. For their father Oswiu 1 had died meanwhile, and it was they who endowed the place with vast estates.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.19-23

Confession (1)

 Theodore 1.restoring bishopric to Wilfrid 2: Theodore 1 was nearing his death, and feeling remorse for his sin against Wilfrid 2 he summoned both him and Bishop Eorcenwald 1 to London. He confessed his sins before the two bishops, asking Wilfrid 2 to forgive him and to accept his archbishopric in his place. Wilfrid 2 would not agree to take over the archbishopric without a decision in a higher council. Theodore 1 did everything to ensure that Wilfrid 2 receives his bishopric back, sending envoys to Aldfrith 1 king of the Northumbrians, Ecgfrith 4's successor, to his sister Ælfflæd 2 abbess of Whitby, and to Æthelred 2 king of the Mercians. When Aldfrith 1, who had known Wilfrid 2 well in the past, received the archbishop's letter, he granted him the monastery at Hexham and then, on the decision of his council, the bishopric of York and the monastery of Ripon.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.103.1-104.1

Confiscation (1)

 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Conversion (1)

 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Correspondence (1)

 Vitalian 1.letter to Theodore 1: Vitalian 1 confirms to Theodore 1 the primacy of the church of Canterbury. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.33

Council-meeting, ecclesiastical (3)

 Theodore 1-Wilfrid 2.conflict: Theodore 1 expelled Wilfrid 2 wrongfully, and Wilfrid 2 appealed to the pope of Rome, Agatho 2, after being buffeted by many dangers. His appeal was couched in moderate terms: he wished neither to bring charges against the pope's nominee, nor yet to allow his own innocence to be imperilled. these are the words of his memorandum to the pope: 'How has it come about that Theodore 1 should, while I yet lived, in the see which I controlled, ordain three bishops on his own authority, without the consent of any bishop, and against my humble wishes?' Wilfrid 2 was on this occasion adjudged innocent by the Roman council and sent back to his see. But he did not carry his point, thanks to the strong measures of King Ecgfrith 4, particularly as Theodore 1 either purposely obstructed him or let things take their course without interfering. This is also backed up and supported by the letter which Agatho 2 sent to the sixth synod assembled at Constantinople: 'We are hoping to join with our humble self Theodore 1 from Britain, our fellow servant and fellow bishop, archbishop of the great island of Britain, and a lover of wisdom; and this is why we have delayed this council up until now.': WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.1.4-7
 Theodore 1.restoring bishopric to Wilfrid 2: Theodore 1 was nearing his death, and feeling remorse for his sin against Wilfrid 2 he summoned both him and Bishop Eorcenwald 1 to London. He confessed his sins before the two bishops, asking Wilfrid 2 to forgive him and to accept his archbishopric in his place. Wilfrid 2 would not agree to take over the archbishopric without a decision in a higher council. Theodore 1 did everything to ensure that Wilfrid 2 receives his bishopric back, sending envoys to Aldfrith 1 king of the Northumbrians, Ecgfrith 4's successor, to his sister Ælfflæd 2 abbess of Whitby, and to Æthelred 2 king of the Mercians. When Aldfrith 1, who had known Wilfrid 2 well in the past, received the archbishop's letter, he granted him the monastery at Hexham and then, on the decision of his council, the bishopric of York and the monastery of Ripon.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.103.1-104.1
 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Death/dying (2)

 Theodore 1.restoring bishopric to Wilfrid 2: Theodore 1 was nearing his death, and feeling remorse for his sin against Wilfrid 2 he summoned both him and Bishop Eorcenwald 1 to London. He confessed his sins before the two bishops, asking Wilfrid 2 to forgive him and to accept his archbishopric in his place. Wilfrid 2 would not agree to take over the archbishopric without a decision in a higher council. Theodore 1 did everything to ensure that Wilfrid 2 receives his bishopric back, sending envoys to Aldfrith 1 king of the Northumbrians, Ecgfrith 4's successor, to his sister Ælfflæd 2 abbess of Whitby, and to Æthelred 2 king of the Mercians. When Aldfrith 1, who had known Wilfrid 2 well in the past, received the archbishop's letter, he granted him the monastery at Hexham and then, on the decision of his council, the bishopric of York and the monastery of Ripon.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.103.1-104.1
 Wilfrid 2.episcopal consecration: When Wilfrid 2 discovered that Chad 1 had been appointed to his see, her retired to Ripon for three years, acting as a priest. He was often called in by Wulfhere 1 king of the Mercians, who gave him a site called Lichfield on which to build a cathedral or a monastery. He was honoured with equal generosity by Ecgberht 3 king of Kent; and when Ecgberht 3 summoned him there Wilfrid 2 advanced many of his subjects up the grades of church preferment. One was Putta 1, whom he made a priest (later Theodore 1 promoted him to be bishop of Rochester). When Theodore 1 arrived to England, he saw that the canons had been flouted, and he degraded Chad 1, whose long-suffering touched Wilfrid 2's heard; by his help, Chad 1 was advanced for a second time though all the degrees and installed as bishop of Lichfield. At York Wilfrid 2 repaired and rebuilt a church built long ago by King Edwin 2; he also had a church built in Ripon. To its consecration were invited the brother kings Ecgfrith 4 and Ælfwine 4. For their father Oswiu 1 had died meanwhile, and it was they who endowed the place with vast estates.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.19-23

Deposition of archbishop (1)

 Wilfrid 2.elevation to the see of York: Wilfrid 2 was chosen to fill the see of York, and sent by King Aldfrith 1 [more likely by Ealhfrith 1], son of King Oswiu 1, to Gaul for consecration. While he dallied overseas, King Oswiu 1 foisted Chad 1 on the throne of York. Chad 1 was very holy, but his election was illegal. The wrong was set right when Theodore 1 was sent from the papal see to be archbishop of Canterbury: Chad 1 was removed, and Wilfrid 2 put on the throne.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.2

Deposition of bishop (2)

 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10
 Wilfrid 2.episcopal consecration: When Wilfrid 2 discovered that Chad 1 had been appointed to his see, her retired to Ripon for three years, acting as a priest. He was often called in by Wulfhere 1 king of the Mercians, who gave him a site called Lichfield on which to build a cathedral or a monastery. He was honoured with equal generosity by Ecgberht 3 king of Kent; and when Ecgberht 3 summoned him there Wilfrid 2 advanced many of his subjects up the grades of church preferment. One was Putta 1, whom he made a priest (later Theodore 1 promoted him to be bishop of Rochester). When Theodore 1 arrived to England, he saw that the canons had been flouted, and he degraded Chad 1, whose long-suffering touched Wilfrid 2's heard; by his help, Chad 1 was advanced for a second time though all the degrees and installed as bishop of Lichfield. At York Wilfrid 2 repaired and rebuilt a church built long ago by King Edwin 2; he also had a church built in Ripon. To its consecration were invited the brother kings Ecgfrith 4 and Ælfwine 4. For their father Oswiu 1 had died meanwhile, and it was they who endowed the place with vast estates.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.19-23

Embassy (1)

 Theodore 1.restoring bishopric to Wilfrid 2: Theodore 1 was nearing his death, and feeling remorse for his sin against Wilfrid 2 he summoned both him and Bishop Eorcenwald 1 to London. He confessed his sins before the two bishops, asking Wilfrid 2 to forgive him and to accept his archbishopric in his place. Wilfrid 2 would not agree to take over the archbishopric without a decision in a higher council. Theodore 1 did everything to ensure that Wilfrid 2 receives his bishopric back, sending envoys to Aldfrith 1 king of the Northumbrians, Ecgfrith 4's successor, to his sister Ælfflæd 2 abbess of Whitby, and to Æthelred 2 king of the Mercians. When Aldfrith 1, who had known Wilfrid 2 well in the past, received the archbishop's letter, he granted him the monastery at Hexham and then, on the decision of his council, the bishopric of York and the monastery of Ripon.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.103.1-104.1

Expulsion (3)

 Theodore 1-Wilfrid 2.conflict: Theodore 1 expelled Wilfrid 2 wrongfully, and Wilfrid 2 appealed to the pope of Rome, Agatho 2, after being buffeted by many dangers. His appeal was couched in moderate terms: he wished neither to bring charges against the pope's nominee, nor yet to allow his own innocence to be imperilled. these are the words of his memorandum to the pope: 'How has it come about that Theodore 1 should, while I yet lived, in the see which I controlled, ordain three bishops on his own authority, without the consent of any bishop, and against my humble wishes?' Wilfrid 2 was on this occasion adjudged innocent by the Roman council and sent back to his see. But he did not carry his point, thanks to the strong measures of King Ecgfrith 4, particularly as Theodore 1 either purposely obstructed him or let things take their course without interfering. This is also backed up and supported by the letter which Agatho 2 sent to the sixth synod assembled at Constantinople: 'We are hoping to join with our humble self Theodore 1 from Britain, our fellow servant and fellow bishop, archbishop of the great island of Britain, and a lover of wisdom; and this is why we have delayed this council up until now.': WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.1.4-7
 Theodore 1.exercise of power: [Theodore 1], as Bede 1 tells us, was sent by the pope, and was the first of all the bishops at Canterbury who exercised episcopal power over all Britain. For example, he removed and installed bishops on both sides of the Humber as he pleased. At York itself, according to Bede 1, he consecrated the bishops of other cities, and as we read in the Life of St Wilfrid 2, he drove out, for good reason or by brute force, Chad 1 and Wilfrid 2 himself, bishops of the place.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.1.3
 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Flight (1)

 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Freeing captives (1)

 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Friendship-making (1)

 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Grant and Gift (3)

 Beorhtwald 4.grant to Aldhelm 3: Beorhtwald 4 gave Aldhelm 3 and the monastery of Malmesbury a gift of land to the east of the river Thames, near the ford called Somerford, fourteen hides.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  v.203-204 (685)
 Theodore 1.restoring bishopric to Wilfrid 2: Theodore 1 was nearing his death, and feeling remorse for his sin against Wilfrid 2 he summoned both him and Bishop Eorcenwald 1 to London. He confessed his sins before the two bishops, asking Wilfrid 2 to forgive him and to accept his archbishopric in his place. Wilfrid 2 would not agree to take over the archbishopric without a decision in a higher council. Theodore 1 did everything to ensure that Wilfrid 2 receives his bishopric back, sending envoys to Aldfrith 1 king of the Northumbrians, Ecgfrith 4's successor, to his sister Ælfflæd 2 abbess of Whitby, and to Æthelred 2 king of the Mercians. When Aldfrith 1, who had known Wilfrid 2 well in the past, received the archbishop's letter, he granted him the monastery at Hexham and then, on the decision of his council, the bishopric of York and the monastery of Ripon.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.103.1-104.1
 Wilfrid 2.episcopal consecration: When Wilfrid 2 discovered that Chad 1 had been appointed to his see, her retired to Ripon for three years, acting as a priest. He was often called in by Wulfhere 1 king of the Mercians, who gave him a site called Lichfield on which to build a cathedral or a monastery. He was honoured with equal generosity by Ecgberht 3 king of Kent; and when Ecgberht 3 summoned him there Wilfrid 2 advanced many of his subjects up the grades of church preferment. One was Putta 1, whom he made a priest (later Theodore 1 promoted him to be bishop of Rochester). When Theodore 1 arrived to England, he saw that the canons had been flouted, and he degraded Chad 1, whose long-suffering touched Wilfrid 2's heard; by his help, Chad 1 was advanced for a second time though all the degrees and installed as bishop of Lichfield. At York Wilfrid 2 repaired and rebuilt a church built long ago by King Edwin 2; he also had a church built in Ripon. To its consecration were invited the brother kings Ecgfrith 4 and Ælfwine 4. For their father Oswiu 1 had died meanwhile, and it was they who endowed the place with vast estates.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.19-23

Healing (1)

 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Hostility (1)

 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Illness/demonic seizure/madness (1)

 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Imprisonment (1)

 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Invasion (1)

 Putta 1.ecclesiastical career: Theodore 1 appointed bishop of Rochester Putta 1, a man as fit for the ease of the church life as he was dull and lazy in lay business. In the end, after frequently thinking of retiring from his bishopric while all was perfectly peaceful, he was happy to embrace the excuse of injury from an enemy. For Æthelred 2 king of the Mercians, inflamed by some insolent reply from the king of Kent, was putting his whole realm to fire and sword, and he had devastated all the lands of the bishopric of Rochester. Putta 1 took this misfortune calmly, and repaired to Seaxwulf 1 bishop of the Mercians. By his generosity he obtained a country church and a small estate, where he lived out his live in peace, conduction public instruction in church music wherever he was asked to go.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.72.7-8

Journey (2)

 Theodore 1-Wilfrid 2.conflict: Theodore 1 expelled Wilfrid 2 wrongfully, and Wilfrid 2 appealed to the pope of Rome, Agatho 2, after being buffeted by many dangers. His appeal was couched in moderate terms: he wished neither to bring charges against the pope's nominee, nor yet to allow his own innocence to be imperilled. these are the words of his memorandum to the pope: 'How has it come about that Theodore 1 should, while I yet lived, in the see which I controlled, ordain three bishops on his own authority, without the consent of any bishop, and against my humble wishes?' Wilfrid 2 was on this occasion adjudged innocent by the Roman council and sent back to his see. But he did not carry his point, thanks to the strong measures of King Ecgfrith 4, particularly as Theodore 1 either purposely obstructed him or let things take their course without interfering. This is also backed up and supported by the letter which Agatho 2 sent to the sixth synod assembled at Constantinople: 'We are hoping to join with our humble self Theodore 1 from Britain, our fellow servant and fellow bishop, archbishop of the great island of Britain, and a lover of wisdom; and this is why we have delayed this council up until now.': WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.1.4-7
 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Judicial decision/review (1)

 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Killing/murder (1)

 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Meeting (1)

 Theodore 1.restoring bishopric to Wilfrid 2: Theodore 1 was nearing his death, and feeling remorse for his sin against Wilfrid 2 he summoned both him and Bishop Eorcenwald 1 to London. He confessed his sins before the two bishops, asking Wilfrid 2 to forgive him and to accept his archbishopric in his place. Wilfrid 2 would not agree to take over the archbishopric without a decision in a higher council. Theodore 1 did everything to ensure that Wilfrid 2 receives his bishopric back, sending envoys to Aldfrith 1 king of the Northumbrians, Ecgfrith 4's successor, to his sister Ælfflæd 2 abbess of Whitby, and to Æthelred 2 king of the Mercians. When Aldfrith 1, who had known Wilfrid 2 well in the past, received the archbishop's letter, he granted him the monastery at Hexham and then, on the decision of his council, the bishopric of York and the monastery of Ripon.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.103.1-104.1

Message-sending (1)

 Theodore 1-Wilfrid 2.conflict: Theodore 1 expelled Wilfrid 2 wrongfully, and Wilfrid 2 appealed to the pope of Rome, Agatho 2, after being buffeted by many dangers. His appeal was couched in moderate terms: he wished neither to bring charges against the pope's nominee, nor yet to allow his own innocence to be imperilled. these are the words of his memorandum to the pope: 'How has it come about that Theodore 1 should, while I yet lived, in the see which I controlled, ordain three bishops on his own authority, without the consent of any bishop, and against my humble wishes?' Wilfrid 2 was on this occasion adjudged innocent by the Roman council and sent back to his see. But he did not carry his point, thanks to the strong measures of King Ecgfrith 4, particularly as Theodore 1 either purposely obstructed him or let things take their course without interfering. This is also backed up and supported by the letter which Agatho 2 sent to the sixth synod assembled at Constantinople: 'We are hoping to join with our humble self Theodore 1 from Britain, our fellow servant and fellow bishop, archbishop of the great island of Britain, and a lover of wisdom; and this is why we have delayed this council up until now.': WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.1.4-7

Miracle (1)

 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Mission/mission-sending (1)

 Theodore 1.exercise of power: [Theodore 1], as Bede 1 tells us, was sent by the pope, and was the first of all the bishops at Canterbury who exercised episcopal power over all Britain. For example, he removed and installed bishops on both sides of the Humber as he pleased. At York itself, according to Bede 1, he consecrated the bishops of other cities, and as we read in the Life of St Wilfrid 2, he drove out, for good reason or by brute force, Chad 1 and Wilfrid 2 himself, bishops of the place.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.1.3

Monastic life, converting to/joining/oblation (1)

 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Papal advice/audience/decision/privilege (2)

 Theodore 1-Wilfrid 2.conflict: Theodore 1 expelled Wilfrid 2 wrongfully, and Wilfrid 2 appealed to the pope of Rome, Agatho 2, after being buffeted by many dangers. His appeal was couched in moderate terms: he wished neither to bring charges against the pope's nominee, nor yet to allow his own innocence to be imperilled. these are the words of his memorandum to the pope: 'How has it come about that Theodore 1 should, while I yet lived, in the see which I controlled, ordain three bishops on his own authority, without the consent of any bishop, and against my humble wishes?' Wilfrid 2 was on this occasion adjudged innocent by the Roman council and sent back to his see. But he did not carry his point, thanks to the strong measures of King Ecgfrith 4, particularly as Theodore 1 either purposely obstructed him or let things take their course without interfering. This is also backed up and supported by the letter which Agatho 2 sent to the sixth synod assembled at Constantinople: 'We are hoping to join with our humble self Theodore 1 from Britain, our fellow servant and fellow bishop, archbishop of the great island of Britain, and a lover of wisdom; and this is why we have delayed this council up until now.': WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.1.4-7
 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Raiding (1)

 Putta 1.ecclesiastical career: Theodore 1 appointed bishop of Rochester Putta 1, a man as fit for the ease of the church life as he was dull and lazy in lay business. In the end, after frequently thinking of retiring from his bishopric while all was perfectly peaceful, he was happy to embrace the excuse of injury from an enemy. For Æthelred 2 king of the Mercians, inflamed by some insolent reply from the king of Kent, was putting his whole realm to fire and sword, and he had devastated all the lands of the bishopric of Rochester. Putta 1 took this misfortune calmly, and repaired to Seaxwulf 1 bishop of the Mercians. By his generosity he obtained a country church and a small estate, where he lived out his live in peace, conduction public instruction in church music wherever he was asked to go.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.72.7-8

Relics-collecting/depositing/granting (1)

 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Restoration of land/property (1)

 Theodore 1.restoring bishopric to Wilfrid 2: Theodore 1 was nearing his death, and feeling remorse for his sin against Wilfrid 2 he summoned both him and Bishop Eorcenwald 1 to London. He confessed his sins before the two bishops, asking Wilfrid 2 to forgive him and to accept his archbishopric in his place. Wilfrid 2 would not agree to take over the archbishopric without a decision in a higher council. Theodore 1 did everything to ensure that Wilfrid 2 receives his bishopric back, sending envoys to Aldfrith 1 king of the Northumbrians, Ecgfrith 4's successor, to his sister Ælfflæd 2 abbess of Whitby, and to Æthelred 2 king of the Mercians. When Aldfrith 1, who had known Wilfrid 2 well in the past, received the archbishop's letter, he granted him the monastery at Hexham and then, on the decision of his council, the bishopric of York and the monastery of Ripon.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.103.1-104.1

Restoration to bishopric (3)

 Theodore 1.restoring bishopric to Wilfrid 2: Theodore 1 was nearing his death, and feeling remorse for his sin against Wilfrid 2 he summoned both him and Bishop Eorcenwald 1 to London. He confessed his sins before the two bishops, asking Wilfrid 2 to forgive him and to accept his archbishopric in his place. Wilfrid 2 would not agree to take over the archbishopric without a decision in a higher council. Theodore 1 did everything to ensure that Wilfrid 2 receives his bishopric back, sending envoys to Aldfrith 1 king of the Northumbrians, Ecgfrith 4's successor, to his sister Ælfflæd 2 abbess of Whitby, and to Æthelred 2 king of the Mercians. When Aldfrith 1, who had known Wilfrid 2 well in the past, received the archbishop's letter, he granted him the monastery at Hexham and then, on the decision of his council, the bishopric of York and the monastery of Ripon.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.103.1-104.1
 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10
 Wilfrid 2.episcopal consecration: When Wilfrid 2 discovered that Chad 1 had been appointed to his see, her retired to Ripon for three years, acting as a priest. He was often called in by Wulfhere 1 king of the Mercians, who gave him a site called Lichfield on which to build a cathedral or a monastery. He was honoured with equal generosity by Ecgberht 3 king of Kent; and when Ecgberht 3 summoned him there Wilfrid 2 advanced many of his subjects up the grades of church preferment. One was Putta 1, whom he made a priest (later Theodore 1 promoted him to be bishop of Rochester). When Theodore 1 arrived to England, he saw that the canons had been flouted, and he degraded Chad 1, whose long-suffering touched Wilfrid 2's heard; by his help, Chad 1 was advanced for a second time though all the degrees and installed as bishop of Lichfield. At York Wilfrid 2 repaired and rebuilt a church built long ago by King Edwin 2; he also had a church built in Ripon. To its consecration were invited the brother kings Ecgfrith 4 and Ælfwine 4. For their father Oswiu 1 had died meanwhile, and it was they who endowed the place with vast estates.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.19-23

Retirement (2)

 Putta 1.ecclesiastical career: Theodore 1 appointed bishop of Rochester Putta 1, a man as fit for the ease of the church life as he was dull and lazy in lay business. In the end, after frequently thinking of retiring from his bishopric while all was perfectly peaceful, he was happy to embrace the excuse of injury from an enemy. For Æthelred 2 king of the Mercians, inflamed by some insolent reply from the king of Kent, was putting his whole realm to fire and sword, and he had devastated all the lands of the bishopric of Rochester. Putta 1 took this misfortune calmly, and repaired to Seaxwulf 1 bishop of the Mercians. By his generosity he obtained a country church and a small estate, where he lived out his live in peace, conduction public instruction in church music wherever he was asked to go.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.72.7-8
 Wilfrid 2.episcopal consecration: When Wilfrid 2 discovered that Chad 1 had been appointed to his see, her retired to Ripon for three years, acting as a priest. He was often called in by Wulfhere 1 king of the Mercians, who gave him a site called Lichfield on which to build a cathedral or a monastery. He was honoured with equal generosity by Ecgberht 3 king of Kent; and when Ecgberht 3 summoned him there Wilfrid 2 advanced many of his subjects up the grades of church preferment. One was Putta 1, whom he made a priest (later Theodore 1 promoted him to be bishop of Rochester). When Theodore 1 arrived to England, he saw that the canons had been flouted, and he degraded Chad 1, whose long-suffering touched Wilfrid 2's heard; by his help, Chad 1 was advanced for a second time though all the degrees and installed as bishop of Lichfield. At York Wilfrid 2 repaired and rebuilt a church built long ago by King Edwin 2; he also had a church built in Ripon. To its consecration were invited the brother kings Ecgfrith 4 and Ælfwine 4. For their father Oswiu 1 had died meanwhile, and it was they who endowed the place with vast estates.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.19-23

Submission (1)

 Biscop 2.surrending his abbacy: Biscop 2 spent most of his life abroad on business. He therefore gladly yielded control of St Augustine's Canterbury to Hadrian 2 on his arrival, although King Ecgberht 3 had appointed him abbot there. Biscop 2 did so out of respect for his superior, Archbishop Theodore 1.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iv.186.9

Factoids linked indirectly to Theodore 1 (3)

Office (2)

Bishop of Theodore 1 (2)

 Eorcenwald 1: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  ii.73.10
 Bisi 1: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  ii.74.3

Event (1)

Absolution (1)

 Theodore 1.restoring bishopric to Wilfrid 2: Theodore 1 was nearing his death, and feeling remorse for his sin against Wilfrid 2 he summoned both him and Bishop Eorcenwald 1 to London. He confessed his sins before the two bishops, asking Wilfrid 2 to forgive him and to accept his archbishopric in his place. Wilfrid 2 would not agree to take over the archbishopric without a decision in a higher council. Theodore 1 did everything to ensure that Wilfrid 2 receives his bishopric back, sending envoys to Aldfrith 1 king of the Northumbrians, Ecgfrith 4's successor, to his sister Ælfflæd 2 abbess of Whitby, and to Æthelred 2 king of the Mercians. When Aldfrith 1, who had known Wilfrid 2 well in the past, received the archbishop's letter, he granted him the monastery at Hexham and then, on the decision of his council, the bishopric of York and the monastery of Ripon.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.103.1-104.1

Accusation (1)

 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Advice/counsel (1)

 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Appointment - ecclesiastical (1)

 Wilfrid 2.episcopal consecration: When Wilfrid 2 discovered that Chad 1 had been appointed to his see, her retired to Ripon for three years, acting as a priest. He was often called in by Wulfhere 1 king of the Mercians, who gave him a site called Lichfield on which to build a cathedral or a monastery. He was honoured with equal generosity by Ecgberht 3 king of Kent; and when Ecgberht 3 summoned him there Wilfrid 2 advanced many of his subjects up the grades of church preferment. One was Putta 1, whom he made a priest (later Theodore 1 promoted him to be bishop of Rochester). When Theodore 1 arrived to England, he saw that the canons had been flouted, and he degraded Chad 1, whose long-suffering touched Wilfrid 2's heard; by his help, Chad 1 was advanced for a second time though all the degrees and installed as bishop of Lichfield. At York Wilfrid 2 repaired and rebuilt a church built long ago by King Edwin 2; he also had a church built in Ripon. To its consecration were invited the brother kings Ecgfrith 4 and Ælfwine 4. For their father Oswiu 1 had died meanwhile, and it was they who endowed the place with vast estates.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.19-23

Appointment/consecration/elevation/ordination of abbot (1)

 Biscop 2.surrending his abbacy: Biscop 2 spent most of his life abroad on business. He therefore gladly yielded control of St Augustine's Canterbury to Hadrian 2 on his arrival, although King Ecgberht 3 had appointed him abbot there. Biscop 2 did so out of respect for his superior, Archbishop Theodore 1.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iv.186.9

Appointment/consecration/elevation/ordination of archbishop (1)

 Beorhtwald 6.succession: Theodore 1 was succeeded by Beorhtwald 6, for thirty-seven years, and he by Tatwine 2.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.2.1

Appointment/consecration/elevation/ordination of bishop (6)

 Leuthhere 2.episcopal consecration: Leuthhere 2, nephew of Agilbert 1, was consecrated bishop of the West Saxons by Theodore 1. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  ii.75.9
 Putta 1.ecclesiastical career: Theodore 1 appointed bishop of Rochester Putta 1, a man as fit for the ease of the church life as he was dull and lazy in lay business. In the end, after frequently thinking of retiring from his bishopric while all was perfectly peaceful, he was happy to embrace the excuse of injury from an enemy. For Æthelred 2 king of the Mercians, inflamed by some insolent reply from the king of Kent, was putting his whole realm to fire and sword, and he had devastated all the lands of the bishopric of Rochester. Putta 1 took this misfortune calmly, and repaired to Seaxwulf 1 bishop of the Mercians. By his generosity he obtained a country church and a small estate, where he lived out his live in peace, conduction public instruction in church music wherever he was asked to go.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.72.7-8
 Theodore 1.exercise of power: [Theodore 1], as Bede 1 tells us, was sent by the pope, and was the first of all the bishops at Canterbury who exercised episcopal power over all Britain. For example, he removed and installed bishops on both sides of the Humber as he pleased. At York itself, according to Bede 1, he consecrated the bishops of other cities, and as we read in the Life of St Wilfrid 2, he drove out, for good reason or by brute force, Chad 1 and Wilfrid 2 himself, bishops of the place.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.1.3
 Theodore 1.restoring bishopric to Wilfrid 2: Theodore 1 was nearing his death, and feeling remorse for his sin against Wilfrid 2 he summoned both him and Bishop Eorcenwald 1 to London. He confessed his sins before the two bishops, asking Wilfrid 2 to forgive him and to accept his archbishopric in his place. Wilfrid 2 would not agree to take over the archbishopric without a decision in a higher council. Theodore 1 did everything to ensure that Wilfrid 2 receives his bishopric back, sending envoys to Aldfrith 1 king of the Northumbrians, Ecgfrith 4's successor, to his sister Ælfflæd 2 abbess of Whitby, and to Æthelred 2 king of the Mercians. When Aldfrith 1, who had known Wilfrid 2 well in the past, received the archbishop's letter, he granted him the monastery at Hexham and then, on the decision of his council, the bishopric of York and the monastery of Ripon.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.103.1-104.1
 Wilfrid 2.elevation to the see of York: Wilfrid 2 was chosen to fill the see of York, and sent by King Aldfrith 1 [more likely by Ealhfrith 1], son of King Oswiu 1, to Gaul for consecration. While he dallied overseas, King Oswiu 1 foisted Chad 1 on the throne of York. Chad 1 was very holy, but his election was illegal. The wrong was set right when Theodore 1 was sent from the papal see to be archbishop of Canterbury: Chad 1 was removed, and Wilfrid 2 put on the throne.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.2
 Wilfrid 2.episcopal consecration: When Wilfrid 2 discovered that Chad 1 had been appointed to his see, her retired to Ripon for three years, acting as a priest. He was often called in by Wulfhere 1 king of the Mercians, who gave him a site called Lichfield on which to build a cathedral or a monastery. He was honoured with equal generosity by Ecgberht 3 king of Kent; and when Ecgberht 3 summoned him there Wilfrid 2 advanced many of his subjects up the grades of church preferment. One was Putta 1, whom he made a priest (later Theodore 1 promoted him to be bishop of Rochester). When Theodore 1 arrived to England, he saw that the canons had been flouted, and he degraded Chad 1, whose long-suffering touched Wilfrid 2's heard; by his help, Chad 1 was advanced for a second time though all the degrees and installed as bishop of Lichfield. At York Wilfrid 2 repaired and rebuilt a church built long ago by King Edwin 2; he also had a church built in Ripon. To its consecration were invited the brother kings Ecgfrith 4 and Ælfwine 4. For their father Oswiu 1 had died meanwhile, and it was they who endowed the place with vast estates.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.19-23

Appointment/consecration/elevation/ordination of priest (1)

 Wilfrid 2.episcopal consecration: When Wilfrid 2 discovered that Chad 1 had been appointed to his see, her retired to Ripon for three years, acting as a priest. He was often called in by Wulfhere 1 king of the Mercians, who gave him a site called Lichfield on which to build a cathedral or a monastery. He was honoured with equal generosity by Ecgberht 3 king of Kent; and when Ecgberht 3 summoned him there Wilfrid 2 advanced many of his subjects up the grades of church preferment. One was Putta 1, whom he made a priest (later Theodore 1 promoted him to be bishop of Rochester). When Theodore 1 arrived to England, he saw that the canons had been flouted, and he degraded Chad 1, whose long-suffering touched Wilfrid 2's heard; by his help, Chad 1 was advanced for a second time though all the degrees and installed as bishop of Lichfield. At York Wilfrid 2 repaired and rebuilt a church built long ago by King Edwin 2; he also had a church built in Ripon. To its consecration were invited the brother kings Ecgfrith 4 and Ælfwine 4. For their father Oswiu 1 had died meanwhile, and it was they who endowed the place with vast estates.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.19-23

Arrest (1)

 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Assistance (1)

 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Campaigning (1)

 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Capture (1)

 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Church/monastery/minster foundation/dedication/restoration (1)

 Wilfrid 2.episcopal consecration: When Wilfrid 2 discovered that Chad 1 had been appointed to his see, her retired to Ripon for three years, acting as a priest. He was often called in by Wulfhere 1 king of the Mercians, who gave him a site called Lichfield on which to build a cathedral or a monastery. He was honoured with equal generosity by Ecgberht 3 king of Kent; and when Ecgberht 3 summoned him there Wilfrid 2 advanced many of his subjects up the grades of church preferment. One was Putta 1, whom he made a priest (later Theodore 1 promoted him to be bishop of Rochester). When Theodore 1 arrived to England, he saw that the canons had been flouted, and he degraded Chad 1, whose long-suffering touched Wilfrid 2's heard; by his help, Chad 1 was advanced for a second time though all the degrees and installed as bishop of Lichfield. At York Wilfrid 2 repaired and rebuilt a church built long ago by King Edwin 2; he also had a church built in Ripon. To its consecration were invited the brother kings Ecgfrith 4 and Ælfwine 4. For their father Oswiu 1 had died meanwhile, and it was they who endowed the place with vast estates.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.19-23

Confession (1)

 Theodore 1.restoring bishopric to Wilfrid 2: Theodore 1 was nearing his death, and feeling remorse for his sin against Wilfrid 2 he summoned both him and Bishop Eorcenwald 1 to London. He confessed his sins before the two bishops, asking Wilfrid 2 to forgive him and to accept his archbishopric in his place. Wilfrid 2 would not agree to take over the archbishopric without a decision in a higher council. Theodore 1 did everything to ensure that Wilfrid 2 receives his bishopric back, sending envoys to Aldfrith 1 king of the Northumbrians, Ecgfrith 4's successor, to his sister Ælfflæd 2 abbess of Whitby, and to Æthelred 2 king of the Mercians. When Aldfrith 1, who had known Wilfrid 2 well in the past, received the archbishop's letter, he granted him the monastery at Hexham and then, on the decision of his council, the bishopric of York and the monastery of Ripon.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.103.1-104.1

Confiscation (1)

 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Conversion (1)

 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Correspondence (1)

 Vitalian 1.letter to Theodore 1: Vitalian 1 confirms to Theodore 1 the primacy of the church of Canterbury. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.33

Council-meeting, ecclesiastical (3)

 Theodore 1-Wilfrid 2.conflict: Theodore 1 expelled Wilfrid 2 wrongfully, and Wilfrid 2 appealed to the pope of Rome, Agatho 2, after being buffeted by many dangers. His appeal was couched in moderate terms: he wished neither to bring charges against the pope's nominee, nor yet to allow his own innocence to be imperilled. these are the words of his memorandum to the pope: 'How has it come about that Theodore 1 should, while I yet lived, in the see which I controlled, ordain three bishops on his own authority, without the consent of any bishop, and against my humble wishes?' Wilfrid 2 was on this occasion adjudged innocent by the Roman council and sent back to his see. But he did not carry his point, thanks to the strong measures of King Ecgfrith 4, particularly as Theodore 1 either purposely obstructed him or let things take their course without interfering. This is also backed up and supported by the letter which Agatho 2 sent to the sixth synod assembled at Constantinople: 'We are hoping to join with our humble self Theodore 1 from Britain, our fellow servant and fellow bishop, archbishop of the great island of Britain, and a lover of wisdom; and this is why we have delayed this council up until now.': WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.1.4-7
 Theodore 1.restoring bishopric to Wilfrid 2: Theodore 1 was nearing his death, and feeling remorse for his sin against Wilfrid 2 he summoned both him and Bishop Eorcenwald 1 to London. He confessed his sins before the two bishops, asking Wilfrid 2 to forgive him and to accept his archbishopric in his place. Wilfrid 2 would not agree to take over the archbishopric without a decision in a higher council. Theodore 1 did everything to ensure that Wilfrid 2 receives his bishopric back, sending envoys to Aldfrith 1 king of the Northumbrians, Ecgfrith 4's successor, to his sister Ælfflæd 2 abbess of Whitby, and to Æthelred 2 king of the Mercians. When Aldfrith 1, who had known Wilfrid 2 well in the past, received the archbishop's letter, he granted him the monastery at Hexham and then, on the decision of his council, the bishopric of York and the monastery of Ripon.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.103.1-104.1
 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Death/dying (2)

 Theodore 1.restoring bishopric to Wilfrid 2: Theodore 1 was nearing his death, and feeling remorse for his sin against Wilfrid 2 he summoned both him and Bishop Eorcenwald 1 to London. He confessed his sins before the two bishops, asking Wilfrid 2 to forgive him and to accept his archbishopric in his place. Wilfrid 2 would not agree to take over the archbishopric without a decision in a higher council. Theodore 1 did everything to ensure that Wilfrid 2 receives his bishopric back, sending envoys to Aldfrith 1 king of the Northumbrians, Ecgfrith 4's successor, to his sister Ælfflæd 2 abbess of Whitby, and to Æthelred 2 king of the Mercians. When Aldfrith 1, who had known Wilfrid 2 well in the past, received the archbishop's letter, he granted him the monastery at Hexham and then, on the decision of his council, the bishopric of York and the monastery of Ripon.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.103.1-104.1
 Wilfrid 2.episcopal consecration: When Wilfrid 2 discovered that Chad 1 had been appointed to his see, her retired to Ripon for three years, acting as a priest. He was often called in by Wulfhere 1 king of the Mercians, who gave him a site called Lichfield on which to build a cathedral or a monastery. He was honoured with equal generosity by Ecgberht 3 king of Kent; and when Ecgberht 3 summoned him there Wilfrid 2 advanced many of his subjects up the grades of church preferment. One was Putta 1, whom he made a priest (later Theodore 1 promoted him to be bishop of Rochester). When Theodore 1 arrived to England, he saw that the canons had been flouted, and he degraded Chad 1, whose long-suffering touched Wilfrid 2's heard; by his help, Chad 1 was advanced for a second time though all the degrees and installed as bishop of Lichfield. At York Wilfrid 2 repaired and rebuilt a church built long ago by King Edwin 2; he also had a church built in Ripon. To its consecration were invited the brother kings Ecgfrith 4 and Ælfwine 4. For their father Oswiu 1 had died meanwhile, and it was they who endowed the place with vast estates.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.19-23

Deposition of archbishop (1)

 Wilfrid 2.elevation to the see of York: Wilfrid 2 was chosen to fill the see of York, and sent by King Aldfrith 1 [more likely by Ealhfrith 1], son of King Oswiu 1, to Gaul for consecration. While he dallied overseas, King Oswiu 1 foisted Chad 1 on the throne of York. Chad 1 was very holy, but his election was illegal. The wrong was set right when Theodore 1 was sent from the papal see to be archbishop of Canterbury: Chad 1 was removed, and Wilfrid 2 put on the throne.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.2

Deposition of bishop (2)

 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10
 Wilfrid 2.episcopal consecration: When Wilfrid 2 discovered that Chad 1 had been appointed to his see, her retired to Ripon for three years, acting as a priest. He was often called in by Wulfhere 1 king of the Mercians, who gave him a site called Lichfield on which to build a cathedral or a monastery. He was honoured with equal generosity by Ecgberht 3 king of Kent; and when Ecgberht 3 summoned him there Wilfrid 2 advanced many of his subjects up the grades of church preferment. One was Putta 1, whom he made a priest (later Theodore 1 promoted him to be bishop of Rochester). When Theodore 1 arrived to England, he saw that the canons had been flouted, and he degraded Chad 1, whose long-suffering touched Wilfrid 2's heard; by his help, Chad 1 was advanced for a second time though all the degrees and installed as bishop of Lichfield. At York Wilfrid 2 repaired and rebuilt a church built long ago by King Edwin 2; he also had a church built in Ripon. To its consecration were invited the brother kings Ecgfrith 4 and Ælfwine 4. For their father Oswiu 1 had died meanwhile, and it was they who endowed the place with vast estates.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.19-23

Embassy (1)

 Theodore 1.restoring bishopric to Wilfrid 2: Theodore 1 was nearing his death, and feeling remorse for his sin against Wilfrid 2 he summoned both him and Bishop Eorcenwald 1 to London. He confessed his sins before the two bishops, asking Wilfrid 2 to forgive him and to accept his archbishopric in his place. Wilfrid 2 would not agree to take over the archbishopric without a decision in a higher council. Theodore 1 did everything to ensure that Wilfrid 2 receives his bishopric back, sending envoys to Aldfrith 1 king of the Northumbrians, Ecgfrith 4's successor, to his sister Ælfflæd 2 abbess of Whitby, and to Æthelred 2 king of the Mercians. When Aldfrith 1, who had known Wilfrid 2 well in the past, received the archbishop's letter, he granted him the monastery at Hexham and then, on the decision of his council, the bishopric of York and the monastery of Ripon.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.103.1-104.1

Expulsion (3)

 Theodore 1-Wilfrid 2.conflict: Theodore 1 expelled Wilfrid 2 wrongfully, and Wilfrid 2 appealed to the pope of Rome, Agatho 2, after being buffeted by many dangers. His appeal was couched in moderate terms: he wished neither to bring charges against the pope's nominee, nor yet to allow his own innocence to be imperilled. these are the words of his memorandum to the pope: 'How has it come about that Theodore 1 should, while I yet lived, in the see which I controlled, ordain three bishops on his own authority, without the consent of any bishop, and against my humble wishes?' Wilfrid 2 was on this occasion adjudged innocent by the Roman council and sent back to his see. But he did not carry his point, thanks to the strong measures of King Ecgfrith 4, particularly as Theodore 1 either purposely obstructed him or let things take their course without interfering. This is also backed up and supported by the letter which Agatho 2 sent to the sixth synod assembled at Constantinople: 'We are hoping to join with our humble self Theodore 1 from Britain, our fellow servant and fellow bishop, archbishop of the great island of Britain, and a lover of wisdom; and this is why we have delayed this council up until now.': WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.1.4-7
 Theodore 1.exercise of power: [Theodore 1], as Bede 1 tells us, was sent by the pope, and was the first of all the bishops at Canterbury who exercised episcopal power over all Britain. For example, he removed and installed bishops on both sides of the Humber as he pleased. At York itself, according to Bede 1, he consecrated the bishops of other cities, and as we read in the Life of St Wilfrid 2, he drove out, for good reason or by brute force, Chad 1 and Wilfrid 2 himself, bishops of the place.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.1.3
 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Flight (1)

 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Freeing captives (1)

 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Friendship-making (1)

 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Grant and Gift (3)

 Beorhtwald 4.grant to Aldhelm 3: Beorhtwald 4 gave Aldhelm 3 and the monastery of Malmesbury a gift of land to the east of the river Thames, near the ford called Somerford, fourteen hides.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  v.203-204 (685)
 Theodore 1.restoring bishopric to Wilfrid 2: Theodore 1 was nearing his death, and feeling remorse for his sin against Wilfrid 2 he summoned both him and Bishop Eorcenwald 1 to London. He confessed his sins before the two bishops, asking Wilfrid 2 to forgive him and to accept his archbishopric in his place. Wilfrid 2 would not agree to take over the archbishopric without a decision in a higher council. Theodore 1 did everything to ensure that Wilfrid 2 receives his bishopric back, sending envoys to Aldfrith 1 king of the Northumbrians, Ecgfrith 4's successor, to his sister Ælfflæd 2 abbess of Whitby, and to Æthelred 2 king of the Mercians. When Aldfrith 1, who had known Wilfrid 2 well in the past, received the archbishop's letter, he granted him the monastery at Hexham and then, on the decision of his council, the bishopric of York and the monastery of Ripon.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.103.1-104.1
 Wilfrid 2.episcopal consecration: When Wilfrid 2 discovered that Chad 1 had been appointed to his see, her retired to Ripon for three years, acting as a priest. He was often called in by Wulfhere 1 king of the Mercians, who gave him a site called Lichfield on which to build a cathedral or a monastery. He was honoured with equal generosity by Ecgberht 3 king of Kent; and when Ecgberht 3 summoned him there Wilfrid 2 advanced many of his subjects up the grades of church preferment. One was Putta 1, whom he made a priest (later Theodore 1 promoted him to be bishop of Rochester). When Theodore 1 arrived to England, he saw that the canons had been flouted, and he degraded Chad 1, whose long-suffering touched Wilfrid 2's heard; by his help, Chad 1 was advanced for a second time though all the degrees and installed as bishop of Lichfield. At York Wilfrid 2 repaired and rebuilt a church built long ago by King Edwin 2; he also had a church built in Ripon. To its consecration were invited the brother kings Ecgfrith 4 and Ælfwine 4. For their father Oswiu 1 had died meanwhile, and it was they who endowed the place with vast estates.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.19-23

Healing (1)

 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Hostility (1)

 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Illness/demonic seizure/madness (1)

 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Imprisonment (1)

 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Invasion (1)

 Putta 1.ecclesiastical career: Theodore 1 appointed bishop of Rochester Putta 1, a man as fit for the ease of the church life as he was dull and lazy in lay business. In the end, after frequently thinking of retiring from his bishopric while all was perfectly peaceful, he was happy to embrace the excuse of injury from an enemy. For Æthelred 2 king of the Mercians, inflamed by some insolent reply from the king of Kent, was putting his whole realm to fire and sword, and he had devastated all the lands of the bishopric of Rochester. Putta 1 took this misfortune calmly, and repaired to Seaxwulf 1 bishop of the Mercians. By his generosity he obtained a country church and a small estate, where he lived out his live in peace, conduction public instruction in church music wherever he was asked to go.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.72.7-8

Journey (2)

 Theodore 1-Wilfrid 2.conflict: Theodore 1 expelled Wilfrid 2 wrongfully, and Wilfrid 2 appealed to the pope of Rome, Agatho 2, after being buffeted by many dangers. His appeal was couched in moderate terms: he wished neither to bring charges against the pope's nominee, nor yet to allow his own innocence to be imperilled. these are the words of his memorandum to the pope: 'How has it come about that Theodore 1 should, while I yet lived, in the see which I controlled, ordain three bishops on his own authority, without the consent of any bishop, and against my humble wishes?' Wilfrid 2 was on this occasion adjudged innocent by the Roman council and sent back to his see. But he did not carry his point, thanks to the strong measures of King Ecgfrith 4, particularly as Theodore 1 either purposely obstructed him or let things take their course without interfering. This is also backed up and supported by the letter which Agatho 2 sent to the sixth synod assembled at Constantinople: 'We are hoping to join with our humble self Theodore 1 from Britain, our fellow servant and fellow bishop, archbishop of the great island of Britain, and a lover of wisdom; and this is why we have delayed this council up until now.': WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.1.4-7
 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Judicial decision/review (1)

 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Killing/murder (1)

 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Meeting (1)

 Theodore 1.restoring bishopric to Wilfrid 2: Theodore 1 was nearing his death, and feeling remorse for his sin against Wilfrid 2 he summoned both him and Bishop Eorcenwald 1 to London. He confessed his sins before the two bishops, asking Wilfrid 2 to forgive him and to accept his archbishopric in his place. Wilfrid 2 would not agree to take over the archbishopric without a decision in a higher council. Theodore 1 did everything to ensure that Wilfrid 2 receives his bishopric back, sending envoys to Aldfrith 1 king of the Northumbrians, Ecgfrith 4's successor, to his sister Ælfflæd 2 abbess of Whitby, and to Æthelred 2 king of the Mercians. When Aldfrith 1, who had known Wilfrid 2 well in the past, received the archbishop's letter, he granted him the monastery at Hexham and then, on the decision of his council, the bishopric of York and the monastery of Ripon.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.103.1-104.1

Message-sending (1)

 Theodore 1-Wilfrid 2.conflict: Theodore 1 expelled Wilfrid 2 wrongfully, and Wilfrid 2 appealed to the pope of Rome, Agatho 2, after being buffeted by many dangers. His appeal was couched in moderate terms: he wished neither to bring charges against the pope's nominee, nor yet to allow his own innocence to be imperilled. these are the words of his memorandum to the pope: 'How has it come about that Theodore 1 should, while I yet lived, in the see which I controlled, ordain three bishops on his own authority, without the consent of any bishop, and against my humble wishes?' Wilfrid 2 was on this occasion adjudged innocent by the Roman council and sent back to his see. But he did not carry his point, thanks to the strong measures of King Ecgfrith 4, particularly as Theodore 1 either purposely obstructed him or let things take their course without interfering. This is also backed up and supported by the letter which Agatho 2 sent to the sixth synod assembled at Constantinople: 'We are hoping to join with our humble self Theodore 1 from Britain, our fellow servant and fellow bishop, archbishop of the great island of Britain, and a lover of wisdom; and this is why we have delayed this council up until now.': WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.1.4-7

Miracle (1)

 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Mission/mission-sending (1)

 Theodore 1.exercise of power: [Theodore 1], as Bede 1 tells us, was sent by the pope, and was the first of all the bishops at Canterbury who exercised episcopal power over all Britain. For example, he removed and installed bishops on both sides of the Humber as he pleased. At York itself, according to Bede 1, he consecrated the bishops of other cities, and as we read in the Life of St Wilfrid 2, he drove out, for good reason or by brute force, Chad 1 and Wilfrid 2 himself, bishops of the place.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.1.3

Monastic life, converting to/joining/oblation (1)

 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Papal advice/audience/decision/privilege (2)

 Theodore 1-Wilfrid 2.conflict: Theodore 1 expelled Wilfrid 2 wrongfully, and Wilfrid 2 appealed to the pope of Rome, Agatho 2, after being buffeted by many dangers. His appeal was couched in moderate terms: he wished neither to bring charges against the pope's nominee, nor yet to allow his own innocence to be imperilled. these are the words of his memorandum to the pope: 'How has it come about that Theodore 1 should, while I yet lived, in the see which I controlled, ordain three bishops on his own authority, without the consent of any bishop, and against my humble wishes?' Wilfrid 2 was on this occasion adjudged innocent by the Roman council and sent back to his see. But he did not carry his point, thanks to the strong measures of King Ecgfrith 4, particularly as Theodore 1 either purposely obstructed him or let things take their course without interfering. This is also backed up and supported by the letter which Agatho 2 sent to the sixth synod assembled at Constantinople: 'We are hoping to join with our humble self Theodore 1 from Britain, our fellow servant and fellow bishop, archbishop of the great island of Britain, and a lover of wisdom; and this is why we have delayed this council up until now.': WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.1.4-7
 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Raiding (1)

 Putta 1.ecclesiastical career: Theodore 1 appointed bishop of Rochester Putta 1, a man as fit for the ease of the church life as he was dull and lazy in lay business. In the end, after frequently thinking of retiring from his bishopric while all was perfectly peaceful, he was happy to embrace the excuse of injury from an enemy. For Æthelred 2 king of the Mercians, inflamed by some insolent reply from the king of Kent, was putting his whole realm to fire and sword, and he had devastated all the lands of the bishopric of Rochester. Putta 1 took this misfortune calmly, and repaired to Seaxwulf 1 bishop of the Mercians. By his generosity he obtained a country church and a small estate, where he lived out his live in peace, conduction public instruction in church music wherever he was asked to go.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.72.7-8

Relics-collecting/depositing/granting (1)

 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10

Restoration of land/property (1)

 Theodore 1.restoring bishopric to Wilfrid 2: Theodore 1 was nearing his death, and feeling remorse for his sin against Wilfrid 2 he summoned both him and Bishop Eorcenwald 1 to London. He confessed his sins before the two bishops, asking Wilfrid 2 to forgive him and to accept his archbishopric in his place. Wilfrid 2 would not agree to take over the archbishopric without a decision in a higher council. Theodore 1 did everything to ensure that Wilfrid 2 receives his bishopric back, sending envoys to Aldfrith 1 king of the Northumbrians, Ecgfrith 4's successor, to his sister Ælfflæd 2 abbess of Whitby, and to Æthelred 2 king of the Mercians. When Aldfrith 1, who had known Wilfrid 2 well in the past, received the archbishop's letter, he granted him the monastery at Hexham and then, on the decision of his council, the bishopric of York and the monastery of Ripon.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.103.1-104.1

Restoration to bishopric (3)

 Theodore 1.restoring bishopric to Wilfrid 2: Theodore 1 was nearing his death, and feeling remorse for his sin against Wilfrid 2 he summoned both him and Bishop Eorcenwald 1 to London. He confessed his sins before the two bishops, asking Wilfrid 2 to forgive him and to accept his archbishopric in his place. Wilfrid 2 would not agree to take over the archbishopric without a decision in a higher council. Theodore 1 did everything to ensure that Wilfrid 2 receives his bishopric back, sending envoys to Aldfrith 1 king of the Northumbrians, Ecgfrith 4's successor, to his sister Ælfflæd 2 abbess of Whitby, and to Æthelred 2 king of the Mercians. When Aldfrith 1, who had known Wilfrid 2 well in the past, received the archbishop's letter, he granted him the monastery at Hexham and then, on the decision of his council, the bishopric of York and the monastery of Ripon.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.103.1-104.1
 Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.32-101.10
 Wilfrid 2.episcopal consecration: When Wilfrid 2 discovered that Chad 1 had been appointed to his see, her retired to Ripon for three years, acting as a priest. He was often called in by Wulfhere 1 king of the Mercians, who gave him a site called Lichfield on which to build a cathedral or a monastery. He was honoured with equal generosity by Ecgberht 3 king of Kent; and when Ecgberht 3 summoned him there Wilfrid 2 advanced many of his subjects up the grades of church preferment. One was Putta 1, whom he made a priest (later Theodore 1 promoted him to be bishop of Rochester). When Theodore 1 arrived to England, he saw that the canons had been flouted, and he degraded Chad 1, whose long-suffering touched Wilfrid 2's heard; by his help, Chad 1 was advanced for a second time though all the degrees and installed as bishop of Lichfield. At York Wilfrid 2 repaired and rebuilt a church built long ago by King Edwin 2; he also had a church built in Ripon. To its consecration were invited the brother kings Ecgfrith 4 and Ælfwine 4. For their father Oswiu 1 had died meanwhile, and it was they who endowed the place with vast estates.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.19-23

Retirement (2)

 Putta 1.ecclesiastical career: Theodore 1 appointed bishop of Rochester Putta 1, a man as fit for the ease of the church life as he was dull and lazy in lay business. In the end, after frequently thinking of retiring from his bishopric while all was perfectly peaceful, he was happy to embrace the excuse of injury from an enemy. For Æthelred 2 king of the Mercians, inflamed by some insolent reply from the king of Kent, was putting his whole realm to fire and sword, and he had devastated all the lands of the bishopric of Rochester. Putta 1 took this misfortune calmly, and repaired to Seaxwulf 1 bishop of the Mercians. By his generosity he obtained a country church and a small estate, where he lived out his live in peace, conduction public instruction in church music wherever he was asked to go.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  i.72.7-8
 Wilfrid 2.episcopal consecration: When Wilfrid 2 discovered that Chad 1 had been appointed to his see, her retired to Ripon for three years, acting as a priest. He was often called in by Wulfhere 1 king of the Mercians, who gave him a site called Lichfield on which to build a cathedral or a monastery. He was honoured with equal generosity by Ecgberht 3 king of Kent; and when Ecgberht 3 summoned him there Wilfrid 2 advanced many of his subjects up the grades of church preferment. One was Putta 1, whom he made a priest (later Theodore 1 promoted him to be bishop of Rochester). When Theodore 1 arrived to England, he saw that the canons had been flouted, and he degraded Chad 1, whose long-suffering touched Wilfrid 2's heard; by his help, Chad 1 was advanced for a second time though all the degrees and installed as bishop of Lichfield. At York Wilfrid 2 repaired and rebuilt a church built long ago by King Edwin 2; he also had a church built in Ripon. To its consecration were invited the brother kings Ecgfrith 4 and Ælfwine 4. For their father Oswiu 1 had died meanwhile, and it was they who endowed the place with vast estates.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iii.100.19-23

Submission (1)

 Biscop 2.surrending his abbacy: Biscop 2 spent most of his life abroad on business. He therefore gladly yielded control of St Augustine's Canterbury to Hadrian 2 on his arrival, although King Ecgberht 3 had appointed him abbot there. Biscop 2 did so out of respect for his superior, Archbishop Theodore 1.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum  iv.186.9

Willibrord.Cal: Calendar of St Willibrord (4)

Recorded Name (1)

Theodorus (1)

 Willibrord.Cal  11

Personal Information (1)

saintly status (1)

 Willibrord.Cal  11 (19 September: and Archbishop Theodore 1)

Office (1)

Bishop (1)

 Willibrord.Cal  11

Event (1)

Commemoration of saint/calendar-entering (1)

 Theodore 1.commemoration on 19 September: 13 Kalends of October [= 19 September]: ... of Bishop Theodore 1.: Willibrord.Cal  11

Commemoration of the dead (1)

 Theodore 1.commemoration on 19 September: 13 Kalends of October [= 19 September]: ... of Bishop Theodore 1.: Willibrord.Cal  11

Zacharias.Ep.T80: Letter to Boniface (4)

Recorded Name (1)

Theodorus (1)

 Zacharias.Ep.T80  p. 173

Personal Information (1)

ethnicity (1)

 Zacharias.Ep.T80  p. 173 (Greco-Roman)

Occupation (1)

Philosopher (1)

 Zacharias.Ep.T80  p. 173

Event (1)

Appointment/consecration/elevation/ordination of archbishop (1)

 Theodore 1.archiepiscopal elevation: Theodore 1 was ordained in Rome given the pallium, and then sent on to Britain.: Zacharias.Ep.T80  p. 173

Mission/mission-sending (1)

 Theodore 1.archiepiscopal elevation: Theodore 1 was ordained in Rome given the pallium, and then sent on to Britain.: Zacharias.Ep.T80  p. 173

Pallium-despatch/receipt/request (1)

 Theodore 1.archiepiscopal elevation: Theodore 1 was ordained in Rome given the pallium, and then sent on to Britain.: Zacharias.Ep.T80  p. 173

Æthelweard.Chron: Chronicle of Æthelweard (9)

Recorded Name (2)

Theodorus (2)

 Æthelweard.Chron  ii.Cap.
 Æthelweard.Chron  ii.8

Personal Information (2)

saintly status (2)

 Æthelweard.Chron  ii.Cap. (blessed)
 Æthelweard.Chron  ii.8 (holy)

Office (1)

Archbishop (1)

 Æthelweard.Chron  ii.8

Status (1)

Patronus (1)

 Æthelweard.Chron  ii.8

Personal Relationship (1)

Theodore 1 Father (Honorific kinship) of ~ (1)

 of Missing Person: Æthelweard.Chron  ii.8

Event (2)

Council-meeting, ecclesiastical (2)

 Theodore 1.synod: Theodore 1 held a synod.: Æthelweard.Chron  ii.Cap.
 Theodore 1.synod at Hatfield: The synod of Theodore 1 was held in a place called Hatfield.: Æthelweard.Chron  ii.8 (680)