Halfdan 2 (Male) I, king of York / part Northumbria, ?-877
l ix

Factoids by Source

Anon.LiberEliensis: Liber Eliensis / Historia Elie... (6)

Office (1)

King (1)

 Anon.LiberEliensis  I.42

Personal Relationship (3)

Halfdan 2 Brother (Consanguineal kinship) of ~ (2)

 of Ivar 1: Anon.LiberEliensis  I.39
 of Ivar 1: Anon.LiberEliensis  I.42

~ Brother (Consanguineal kinship) of Halfdan 2 (1)

 Eowils 2: of Halfdan 2: Anon.LiberEliensis  I.39

Event (2)

Invasion (1)

 Ivar 1-others.arrival in Britain in 866: In 866 ... when King Æthelred 15 was ruler of the Western Saxons, there arrived in Britain a fleet of pagans from Denmark under King Ivar 1, together with his two brothers, Eowils 2, Halfdan 2, and a man called Ubba 5, his colleague in all trickery and malice and very like him in all respects, having as companions those three kings, Hæsten 1, Bagsecg 1 and Guthrum 1 and their forces, together with a very large contingent of chieftans and nobles ... They were accompanied by an immense multitude of bold warriors and they spent the winter in the kingdom of the East Angles.: Anon.LiberEliensis  I.39 (866)

Killing/murder (1)

 Edward 2.killing Eowils 1 and Halfdan 2: Edward 2 slew two king, namely Eowils 2 and Halfdan 2.: Anon.LiberEliensis  I.42

ASC: Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: Base te... (19)

Recorded Name (9)

Halden (1)

 ASC  871 F(Lat.)

Halfdene (2)

 ASC  871 AEG
 ASC  <877> B, 876 D

Heafdene (1)

 ASC  879 C

Healdæne (1)

 ASC  878 D

Healfdene (4)

 ASC  875 ADEG, <876> B, 876 C
 ASC  876 AEG, 877 C
 ASC  871 DF(OE)G, <872> B, 872 C
 ASC  878 AEG, <879> B

Personal Information (1)

religion (1)

 ASC  871 ADEF(OE and Lat.)G, <872> B, 872 C (heathen; F(Lat.): pagan)

Office (1)

King (1)

 ASC  871 ADEF(OE and Lat.)G, <872> B, 872 C

Occupation (1)

(1)

 ASC   

Personal Relationship (3)

Halfdan 2 Brother (Consanguineal kinship) of ~ (1)

 of Ivar 1: ASC  878 ADEG, <879> B, 879 C

~ Brother (Consanguineal kinship) of Halfdan 2 (2)

 Anonymous 310: of Halfdan 2: ASC  878 ADEG, <879> B, 879 C
 Ivar 1: of Halfdan 2: ASC  878 ADEG, <879> B, 879 C

Event (4)

Battle (1)

 Æthelred 15-Alfred 8.fighting against Anonymi 34 at Ashdown: Æthelred 15 and Alfred 8 fought against the whole here (Anonymi 34) at Ashdown. The here fled and many thousands were killed. They were fighting until night.: ASC  871 ADEF(OE and Lat.)G, <872> B, 872 C (871)

Flight (1)

 Æthelred 15-Alfred 8.fighting against Anonymi 34 at Ashdown: Æthelred 15 and Alfred 8 fought against the whole here (Anonymi 34) at Ashdown. The here fled and many thousands were killed. They were fighting until night.: ASC  871 ADEF(OE and Lat.)G, <872> B, 872 C (871)

Grant and Gift (1)

 Halfdan 2.dividing up of land of Northumbrians (Anonymi 904): Halfdan 2 divided up the land of the Northumbrians (Anonymi 904).: ASC  876 ADEG, <877> B, 877 C (876)

Journey (1)

 Halfdan 2.departure with some (Anonymi 896) of Anonymi 34 to Northumbrians (Anonymi 897): Halfdan 2 went with some (Anonymi 896) of the here (Anonymi 34) to the Northumbrians (Anonymi 897).: ASC  875 ADEG, <876> B, 876 C (875)

Killing/murder (1)

 Æthelred 15-Alfred 8.fighting against Anonymi 34 at Ashdown: Æthelred 15 and Alfred 8 fought against the whole here (Anonymi 34) at Ashdown. The here fled and many thousands were killed. They were fighting until night.: ASC  871 ADEF(OE and Lat.)G, <872> B, 872 C (871)

Overwintering (1)

 Halfdan 2.taking of winterquarters on River Tyne: Halfdan 2 took winterquarters on the River Tyne.: ASC  875 ADEG, <876> B, 876 C (875)

Asser.VitAlfredi: Life of Alfred (12)

Recorded Name (3)

... Healfdene ... (1)

 Asser.VitAlfredi  54

... Healftene ... (1)

 Asser.VitAlfredi  47

Halfdene (1)

 Asser.VitAlfredi  50

Office (1)

King (1)

 Asser.VitAlfredi  50 (King of a certain part of the Northumbrians)

Personal Relationship (1)

~ Brother (Consanguineal kinship) of Halfdan 2 (1)

 Anonymous 310: of Halfdan 2: Asser.VitAlfredi  54

Event (5)

Campaigning (1)

 Halfdan 2.departure to province of Northumbrians: One part [of the army of pagans] (Anonymi 78) with Halfdan 2 went into the province of the Northumbrians.: Asser.VitAlfredi  47 (875)

Grant and Gift (1)

 Halfdan 2.dividing up of province of Northumbrians: Halfdan 2 divided up the whole province of the Northumbrians for himself and his men (Anonymi 78).: Asser.VitAlfredi  50 (876)

Journey (1)

 Halfdan 2.departure to province of Northumbrians: One part [of the army of pagans] (Anonymi 78) with Halfdan 2 went into the province of the Northumbrians.: Asser.VitAlfredi  47 (875)

Kingdom - division of (1)

 Halfdan 2.dividing up of province of Northumbrians: Halfdan 2 divided up the whole province of the Northumbrians for himself and his men (Anonymi 78).: Asser.VitAlfredi  50 (876)

Land-cultivation (1)

 Halfdan 2-Anonymi 78.cultivation of the province of Northumbrians: Halfdan 2 cultivated that [province] with his army (Anonymi 78),: Asser.VitAlfredi  50 (876)

Overwintering (1)

 Anonymi 78.overwintering beside River Tyne: The one part [of the army of pagans] (Anonymi 78) with Halfdan 2 wintered beside the River Tyne.: Asser.VitAlfredi  47 (875 - ?)

Factoids linked indirectly to Halfdan 2 (2)

Occupation (2)

Army of Halfdan 2 (1)

 Anonymi 78: Asser.VitAlfredi  50

Band of Halfdan 2 (1)

 Anonymi 78: Asser.VitAlfredi  47

Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto: Historia de Sancto Cuthberto (2)

Event (2)

Appointment/consecration/elevation/ordination of king (1)

 Guthfrith 3.elected king of York: So with Ælle 3 and his brother Osberht 6 slain, none of their kinsmen ruled – this [favour] from God having been obtained by St Cuthbert 1, against whom they had sinned much – for the Danes slew nearly all the English in the southern and the northern part [of England], demolished and despoiled the churches. Then Halfdan 2, king of the Danes, entered the Tyne and sailed as far as Wircesforda, devastating everything and sinning cruelly against St Cuthbert 1. But soon the wrath of God and of the holy confessor fell upon him. For he began to rave and to reek so badly that his whole army drove him from its midst.

At that time St Cuthbert 1 appeared in the night to the holy abbot of Carlisle named Eadred 29, firmly commanding him as follows: ‘Go’, he said, ‘over the Tyne to the army of the Danes, and tell them that it they wish to be obedient to me, they should show you a certain young man named Guthfrith 3 son of Harthacnut 2, the slave of a certain widow [Anonymous 10133]. In the early morning you and the whole army should offer the widow the price for him, and at the third hour [take him] in exchange for the price; then at the sixth hour lead him before the whole multitude so that they may elect him king, and at the ninth hour lead him with the whole army upon the hill which is called Oswigesdune and there place on his right arm a golden armlet, and thus they shall all constitute him king. Tell him also, after he has been made king, to give me [i.e. St Cuthbert's 1] all land between the Tyne and Wear and [to grant that] whoever shall flee to me, whether for homicide or for any other necessity, may have peace for thirty-seven days and nights.’ Certain of this vision and strengthened by the reasonable command of the holy confessor, that holy abbot confidently hurried to the barbarian host, by which [he was] honourably received, [and] there he faithfully carried out [everything] on the order in which he had been commanded. For he found that boy, redeemed [him], and with the great support of the whole multitude constituted him king, received the land and the peace. Then bishop Eardwulf 18 brought to that host and to that hill the body of St Cuthbert 1, over which the king himself and the whole host swore peace and fidelity as long as they might live, and this oath was faithfully observed.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto  12-13

Church/monastery destruction (1)

 Guthfrith 3.elected king of York: So with Ælle 3 and his brother Osberht 6 slain, none of their kinsmen ruled – this [favour] from God having been obtained by St Cuthbert 1, against whom they had sinned much – for the Danes slew nearly all the English in the southern and the northern part [of England], demolished and despoiled the churches. Then Halfdan 2, king of the Danes, entered the Tyne and sailed as far as Wircesforda, devastating everything and sinning cruelly against St Cuthbert 1. But soon the wrath of God and of the holy confessor fell upon him. For he began to rave and to reek so badly that his whole army drove him from its midst.

At that time St Cuthbert 1 appeared in the night to the holy abbot of Carlisle named Eadred 29, firmly commanding him as follows: ‘Go’, he said, ‘over the Tyne to the army of the Danes, and tell them that it they wish to be obedient to me, they should show you a certain young man named Guthfrith 3 son of Harthacnut 2, the slave of a certain widow [Anonymous 10133]. In the early morning you and the whole army should offer the widow the price for him, and at the third hour [take him] in exchange for the price; then at the sixth hour lead him before the whole multitude so that they may elect him king, and at the ninth hour lead him with the whole army upon the hill which is called Oswigesdune and there place on his right arm a golden armlet, and thus they shall all constitute him king. Tell him also, after he has been made king, to give me [i.e. St Cuthbert's 1] all land between the Tyne and Wear and [to grant that] whoever shall flee to me, whether for homicide or for any other necessity, may have peace for thirty-seven days and nights.’ Certain of this vision and strengthened by the reasonable command of the holy confessor, that holy abbot confidently hurried to the barbarian host, by which [he was] honourably received, [and] there he faithfully carried out [everything] on the order in which he had been commanded. For he found that boy, redeemed [him], and with the great support of the whole multitude constituted him king, received the land and the peace. Then bishop Eardwulf 18 brought to that host and to that hill the body of St Cuthbert 1, over which the king himself and the whole host swore peace and fidelity as long as they might live, and this oath was faithfully observed.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto  12-13

Culting/venerating saint(s) (1)

 Guthfrith 3.elected king of York: So with Ælle 3 and his brother Osberht 6 slain, none of their kinsmen ruled – this [favour] from God having been obtained by St Cuthbert 1, against whom they had sinned much – for the Danes slew nearly all the English in the southern and the northern part [of England], demolished and despoiled the churches. Then Halfdan 2, king of the Danes, entered the Tyne and sailed as far as Wircesforda, devastating everything and sinning cruelly against St Cuthbert 1. But soon the wrath of God and of the holy confessor fell upon him. For he began to rave and to reek so badly that his whole army drove him from its midst.

At that time St Cuthbert 1 appeared in the night to the holy abbot of Carlisle named Eadred 29, firmly commanding him as follows: ‘Go’, he said, ‘over the Tyne to the army of the Danes, and tell them that it they wish to be obedient to me, they should show you a certain young man named Guthfrith 3 son of Harthacnut 2, the slave of a certain widow [Anonymous 10133]. In the early morning you and the whole army should offer the widow the price for him, and at the third hour [take him] in exchange for the price; then at the sixth hour lead him before the whole multitude so that they may elect him king, and at the ninth hour lead him with the whole army upon the hill which is called Oswigesdune and there place on his right arm a golden armlet, and thus they shall all constitute him king. Tell him also, after he has been made king, to give me [i.e. St Cuthbert's 1] all land between the Tyne and Wear and [to grant that] whoever shall flee to me, whether for homicide or for any other necessity, may have peace for thirty-seven days and nights.’ Certain of this vision and strengthened by the reasonable command of the holy confessor, that holy abbot confidently hurried to the barbarian host, by which [he was] honourably received, [and] there he faithfully carried out [everything] on the order in which he had been commanded. For he found that boy, redeemed [him], and with the great support of the whole multitude constituted him king, received the land and the peace. Then bishop Eardwulf 18 brought to that host and to that hill the body of St Cuthbert 1, over which the king himself and the whole host swore peace and fidelity as long as they might live, and this oath was faithfully observed.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto  12-13

Demolition (1)

 Guthfrith 3.elected king of York: So with Ælle 3 and his brother Osberht 6 slain, none of their kinsmen ruled – this [favour] from God having been obtained by St Cuthbert 1, against whom they had sinned much – for the Danes slew nearly all the English in the southern and the northern part [of England], demolished and despoiled the churches. Then Halfdan 2, king of the Danes, entered the Tyne and sailed as far as Wircesforda, devastating everything and sinning cruelly against St Cuthbert 1. But soon the wrath of God and of the holy confessor fell upon him. For he began to rave and to reek so badly that his whole army drove him from its midst.

At that time St Cuthbert 1 appeared in the night to the holy abbot of Carlisle named Eadred 29, firmly commanding him as follows: ‘Go’, he said, ‘over the Tyne to the army of the Danes, and tell them that it they wish to be obedient to me, they should show you a certain young man named Guthfrith 3 son of Harthacnut 2, the slave of a certain widow [Anonymous 10133]. In the early morning you and the whole army should offer the widow the price for him, and at the third hour [take him] in exchange for the price; then at the sixth hour lead him before the whole multitude so that they may elect him king, and at the ninth hour lead him with the whole army upon the hill which is called Oswigesdune and there place on his right arm a golden armlet, and thus they shall all constitute him king. Tell him also, after he has been made king, to give me [i.e. St Cuthbert's 1] all land between the Tyne and Wear and [to grant that] whoever shall flee to me, whether for homicide or for any other necessity, may have peace for thirty-seven days and nights.’ Certain of this vision and strengthened by the reasonable command of the holy confessor, that holy abbot confidently hurried to the barbarian host, by which [he was] honourably received, [and] there he faithfully carried out [everything] on the order in which he had been commanded. For he found that boy, redeemed [him], and with the great support of the whole multitude constituted him king, received the land and the peace. Then bishop Eardwulf 18 brought to that host and to that hill the body of St Cuthbert 1, over which the king himself and the whole host swore peace and fidelity as long as they might live, and this oath was faithfully observed.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto  12-13

Dreaming/seeing vision/revelation (1)

 Guthfrith 3.elected king of York: So with Ælle 3 and his brother Osberht 6 slain, none of their kinsmen ruled – this [favour] from God having been obtained by St Cuthbert 1, against whom they had sinned much – for the Danes slew nearly all the English in the southern and the northern part [of England], demolished and despoiled the churches. Then Halfdan 2, king of the Danes, entered the Tyne and sailed as far as Wircesforda, devastating everything and sinning cruelly against St Cuthbert 1. But soon the wrath of God and of the holy confessor fell upon him. For he began to rave and to reek so badly that his whole army drove him from its midst.

At that time St Cuthbert 1 appeared in the night to the holy abbot of Carlisle named Eadred 29, firmly commanding him as follows: ‘Go’, he said, ‘over the Tyne to the army of the Danes, and tell them that it they wish to be obedient to me, they should show you a certain young man named Guthfrith 3 son of Harthacnut 2, the slave of a certain widow [Anonymous 10133]. In the early morning you and the whole army should offer the widow the price for him, and at the third hour [take him] in exchange for the price; then at the sixth hour lead him before the whole multitude so that they may elect him king, and at the ninth hour lead him with the whole army upon the hill which is called Oswigesdune and there place on his right arm a golden armlet, and thus they shall all constitute him king. Tell him also, after he has been made king, to give me [i.e. St Cuthbert's 1] all land between the Tyne and Wear and [to grant that] whoever shall flee to me, whether for homicide or for any other necessity, may have peace for thirty-seven days and nights.’ Certain of this vision and strengthened by the reasonable command of the holy confessor, that holy abbot confidently hurried to the barbarian host, by which [he was] honourably received, [and] there he faithfully carried out [everything] on the order in which he had been commanded. For he found that boy, redeemed [him], and with the great support of the whole multitude constituted him king, received the land and the peace. Then bishop Eardwulf 18 brought to that host and to that hill the body of St Cuthbert 1, over which the king himself and the whole host swore peace and fidelity as long as they might live, and this oath was faithfully observed.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto  12-13

Election of king (1)

 Guthfrith 3.elected king of York: So with Ælle 3 and his brother Osberht 6 slain, none of their kinsmen ruled – this [favour] from God having been obtained by St Cuthbert 1, against whom they had sinned much – for the Danes slew nearly all the English in the southern and the northern part [of England], demolished and despoiled the churches. Then Halfdan 2, king of the Danes, entered the Tyne and sailed as far as Wircesforda, devastating everything and sinning cruelly against St Cuthbert 1. But soon the wrath of God and of the holy confessor fell upon him. For he began to rave and to reek so badly that his whole army drove him from its midst.

At that time St Cuthbert 1 appeared in the night to the holy abbot of Carlisle named Eadred 29, firmly commanding him as follows: ‘Go’, he said, ‘over the Tyne to the army of the Danes, and tell them that it they wish to be obedient to me, they should show you a certain young man named Guthfrith 3 son of Harthacnut 2, the slave of a certain widow [Anonymous 10133]. In the early morning you and the whole army should offer the widow the price for him, and at the third hour [take him] in exchange for the price; then at the sixth hour lead him before the whole multitude so that they may elect him king, and at the ninth hour lead him with the whole army upon the hill which is called Oswigesdune and there place on his right arm a golden armlet, and thus they shall all constitute him king. Tell him also, after he has been made king, to give me [i.e. St Cuthbert's 1] all land between the Tyne and Wear and [to grant that] whoever shall flee to me, whether for homicide or for any other necessity, may have peace for thirty-seven days and nights.’ Certain of this vision and strengthened by the reasonable command of the holy confessor, that holy abbot confidently hurried to the barbarian host, by which [he was] honourably received, [and] there he faithfully carried out [everything] on the order in which he had been commanded. For he found that boy, redeemed [him], and with the great support of the whole multitude constituted him king, received the land and the peace. Then bishop Eardwulf 18 brought to that host and to that hill the body of St Cuthbert 1, over which the king himself and the whole host swore peace and fidelity as long as they might live, and this oath was faithfully observed.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto  12-13

Grant and Gift (1)

 Guthfrith 3.elected king of York: So with Ælle 3 and his brother Osberht 6 slain, none of their kinsmen ruled – this [favour] from God having been obtained by St Cuthbert 1, against whom they had sinned much – for the Danes slew nearly all the English in the southern and the northern part [of England], demolished and despoiled the churches. Then Halfdan 2, king of the Danes, entered the Tyne and sailed as far as Wircesforda, devastating everything and sinning cruelly against St Cuthbert 1. But soon the wrath of God and of the holy confessor fell upon him. For he began to rave and to reek so badly that his whole army drove him from its midst.

At that time St Cuthbert 1 appeared in the night to the holy abbot of Carlisle named Eadred 29, firmly commanding him as follows: ‘Go’, he said, ‘over the Tyne to the army of the Danes, and tell them that it they wish to be obedient to me, they should show you a certain young man named Guthfrith 3 son of Harthacnut 2, the slave of a certain widow [Anonymous 10133]. In the early morning you and the whole army should offer the widow the price for him, and at the third hour [take him] in exchange for the price; then at the sixth hour lead him before the whole multitude so that they may elect him king, and at the ninth hour lead him with the whole army upon the hill which is called Oswigesdune and there place on his right arm a golden armlet, and thus they shall all constitute him king. Tell him also, after he has been made king, to give me [i.e. St Cuthbert's 1] all land between the Tyne and Wear and [to grant that] whoever shall flee to me, whether for homicide or for any other necessity, may have peace for thirty-seven days and nights.’ Certain of this vision and strengthened by the reasonable command of the holy confessor, that holy abbot confidently hurried to the barbarian host, by which [he was] honourably received, [and] there he faithfully carried out [everything] on the order in which he had been commanded. For he found that boy, redeemed [him], and with the great support of the whole multitude constituted him king, received the land and the peace. Then bishop Eardwulf 18 brought to that host and to that hill the body of St Cuthbert 1, over which the king himself and the whole host swore peace and fidelity as long as they might live, and this oath was faithfully observed.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto  12-13

Hiding/harbouring/sanctuary (1)

 Guthfrith 3.elected king of York: So with Ælle 3 and his brother Osberht 6 slain, none of their kinsmen ruled – this [favour] from God having been obtained by St Cuthbert 1, against whom they had sinned much – for the Danes slew nearly all the English in the southern and the northern part [of England], demolished and despoiled the churches. Then Halfdan 2, king of the Danes, entered the Tyne and sailed as far as Wircesforda, devastating everything and sinning cruelly against St Cuthbert 1. But soon the wrath of God and of the holy confessor fell upon him. For he began to rave and to reek so badly that his whole army drove him from its midst.

At that time St Cuthbert 1 appeared in the night to the holy abbot of Carlisle named Eadred 29, firmly commanding him as follows: ‘Go’, he said, ‘over the Tyne to the army of the Danes, and tell them that it they wish to be obedient to me, they should show you a certain young man named Guthfrith 3 son of Harthacnut 2, the slave of a certain widow [Anonymous 10133]. In the early morning you and the whole army should offer the widow the price for him, and at the third hour [take him] in exchange for the price; then at the sixth hour lead him before the whole multitude so that they may elect him king, and at the ninth hour lead him with the whole army upon the hill which is called Oswigesdune and there place on his right arm a golden armlet, and thus they shall all constitute him king. Tell him also, after he has been made king, to give me [i.e. St Cuthbert's 1] all land between the Tyne and Wear and [to grant that] whoever shall flee to me, whether for homicide or for any other necessity, may have peace for thirty-seven days and nights.’ Certain of this vision and strengthened by the reasonable command of the holy confessor, that holy abbot confidently hurried to the barbarian host, by which [he was] honourably received, [and] there he faithfully carried out [everything] on the order in which he had been commanded. For he found that boy, redeemed [him], and with the great support of the whole multitude constituted him king, received the land and the peace. Then bishop Eardwulf 18 brought to that host and to that hill the body of St Cuthbert 1, over which the king himself and the whole host swore peace and fidelity as long as they might live, and this oath was faithfully observed.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto  12-13

Illness/demonic seizure/madness (1)

 Guthfrith 3.elected king of York: So with Ælle 3 and his brother Osberht 6 slain, none of their kinsmen ruled – this [favour] from God having been obtained by St Cuthbert 1, against whom they had sinned much – for the Danes slew nearly all the English in the southern and the northern part [of England], demolished and despoiled the churches. Then Halfdan 2, king of the Danes, entered the Tyne and sailed as far as Wircesforda, devastating everything and sinning cruelly against St Cuthbert 1. But soon the wrath of God and of the holy confessor fell upon him. For he began to rave and to reek so badly that his whole army drove him from its midst.

At that time St Cuthbert 1 appeared in the night to the holy abbot of Carlisle named Eadred 29, firmly commanding him as follows: ‘Go’, he said, ‘over the Tyne to the army of the Danes, and tell them that it they wish to be obedient to me, they should show you a certain young man named Guthfrith 3 son of Harthacnut 2, the slave of a certain widow [Anonymous 10133]. In the early morning you and the whole army should offer the widow the price for him, and at the third hour [take him] in exchange for the price; then at the sixth hour lead him before the whole multitude so that they may elect him king, and at the ninth hour lead him with the whole army upon the hill which is called Oswigesdune and there place on his right arm a golden armlet, and thus they shall all constitute him king. Tell him also, after he has been made king, to give me [i.e. St Cuthbert's 1] all land between the Tyne and Wear and [to grant that] whoever shall flee to me, whether for homicide or for any other necessity, may have peace for thirty-seven days and nights.’ Certain of this vision and strengthened by the reasonable command of the holy confessor, that holy abbot confidently hurried to the barbarian host, by which [he was] honourably received, [and] there he faithfully carried out [everything] on the order in which he had been commanded. For he found that boy, redeemed [him], and with the great support of the whole multitude constituted him king, received the land and the peace. Then bishop Eardwulf 18 brought to that host and to that hill the body of St Cuthbert 1, over which the king himself and the whole host swore peace and fidelity as long as they might live, and this oath was faithfully observed.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto  12-13

Invasion (1)

 Ubba 5-Halfdan 2.occupation of England: The army which Ubba 5 duke of the Frisians and Halfdan 2 king of the Danes led into England was divided into three parts: one rebuilt York, cultivated the surrounding land and settled there. the second, however, which occupied the land of the Mercians, and the third, which invaded the land of the South Saxons, committed many crimes over the next three years and slew all those of royal stock excepting only Alfred 8, the father of King Edward 2, who for these three years hid in the Glastonbury march in great want.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto  14

Killing/murder (2)

 Guthfrith 3.elected king of York: So with Ælle 3 and his brother Osberht 6 slain, none of their kinsmen ruled – this [favour] from God having been obtained by St Cuthbert 1, against whom they had sinned much – for the Danes slew nearly all the English in the southern and the northern part [of England], demolished and despoiled the churches. Then Halfdan 2, king of the Danes, entered the Tyne and sailed as far as Wircesforda, devastating everything and sinning cruelly against St Cuthbert 1. But soon the wrath of God and of the holy confessor fell upon him. For he began to rave and to reek so badly that his whole army drove him from its midst.

At that time St Cuthbert 1 appeared in the night to the holy abbot of Carlisle named Eadred 29, firmly commanding him as follows: ‘Go’, he said, ‘over the Tyne to the army of the Danes, and tell them that it they wish to be obedient to me, they should show you a certain young man named Guthfrith 3 son of Harthacnut 2, the slave of a certain widow [Anonymous 10133]. In the early morning you and the whole army should offer the widow the price for him, and at the third hour [take him] in exchange for the price; then at the sixth hour lead him before the whole multitude so that they may elect him king, and at the ninth hour lead him with the whole army upon the hill which is called Oswigesdune and there place on his right arm a golden armlet, and thus they shall all constitute him king. Tell him also, after he has been made king, to give me [i.e. St Cuthbert's 1] all land between the Tyne and Wear and [to grant that] whoever shall flee to me, whether for homicide or for any other necessity, may have peace for thirty-seven days and nights.’ Certain of this vision and strengthened by the reasonable command of the holy confessor, that holy abbot confidently hurried to the barbarian host, by which [he was] honourably received, [and] there he faithfully carried out [everything] on the order in which he had been commanded. For he found that boy, redeemed [him], and with the great support of the whole multitude constituted him king, received the land and the peace. Then bishop Eardwulf 18 brought to that host and to that hill the body of St Cuthbert 1, over which the king himself and the whole host swore peace and fidelity as long as they might live, and this oath was faithfully observed.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto  12-13
 Ubba 5-Halfdan 2.occupation of England: The army which Ubba 5 duke of the Frisians and Halfdan 2 king of the Danes led into England was divided into three parts: one rebuilt York, cultivated the surrounding land and settled there. the second, however, which occupied the land of the Mercians, and the third, which invaded the land of the South Saxons, committed many crimes over the next three years and slew all those of royal stock excepting only Alfred 8, the father of King Edward 2, who for these three years hid in the Glastonbury march in great want.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto  14

Message-sending (1)

 Guthfrith 3.elected king of York: So with Ælle 3 and his brother Osberht 6 slain, none of their kinsmen ruled – this [favour] from God having been obtained by St Cuthbert 1, against whom they had sinned much – for the Danes slew nearly all the English in the southern and the northern part [of England], demolished and despoiled the churches. Then Halfdan 2, king of the Danes, entered the Tyne and sailed as far as Wircesforda, devastating everything and sinning cruelly against St Cuthbert 1. But soon the wrath of God and of the holy confessor fell upon him. For he began to rave and to reek so badly that his whole army drove him from its midst.

At that time St Cuthbert 1 appeared in the night to the holy abbot of Carlisle named Eadred 29, firmly commanding him as follows: ‘Go’, he said, ‘over the Tyne to the army of the Danes, and tell them that it they wish to be obedient to me, they should show you a certain young man named Guthfrith 3 son of Harthacnut 2, the slave of a certain widow [Anonymous 10133]. In the early morning you and the whole army should offer the widow the price for him, and at the third hour [take him] in exchange for the price; then at the sixth hour lead him before the whole multitude so that they may elect him king, and at the ninth hour lead him with the whole army upon the hill which is called Oswigesdune and there place on his right arm a golden armlet, and thus they shall all constitute him king. Tell him also, after he has been made king, to give me [i.e. St Cuthbert's 1] all land between the Tyne and Wear and [to grant that] whoever shall flee to me, whether for homicide or for any other necessity, may have peace for thirty-seven days and nights.’ Certain of this vision and strengthened by the reasonable command of the holy confessor, that holy abbot confidently hurried to the barbarian host, by which [he was] honourably received, [and] there he faithfully carried out [everything] on the order in which he had been commanded. For he found that boy, redeemed [him], and with the great support of the whole multitude constituted him king, received the land and the peace. Then bishop Eardwulf 18 brought to that host and to that hill the body of St Cuthbert 1, over which the king himself and the whole host swore peace and fidelity as long as they might live, and this oath was faithfully observed.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto  12-13

Oath-swearing/fealty (1)

 Guthfrith 3.elected king of York: So with Ælle 3 and his brother Osberht 6 slain, none of their kinsmen ruled – this [favour] from God having been obtained by St Cuthbert 1, against whom they had sinned much – for the Danes slew nearly all the English in the southern and the northern part [of England], demolished and despoiled the churches. Then Halfdan 2, king of the Danes, entered the Tyne and sailed as far as Wircesforda, devastating everything and sinning cruelly against St Cuthbert 1. But soon the wrath of God and of the holy confessor fell upon him. For he began to rave and to reek so badly that his whole army drove him from its midst.

At that time St Cuthbert 1 appeared in the night to the holy abbot of Carlisle named Eadred 29, firmly commanding him as follows: ‘Go’, he said, ‘over the Tyne to the army of the Danes, and tell them that it they wish to be obedient to me, they should show you a certain young man named Guthfrith 3 son of Harthacnut 2, the slave of a certain widow [Anonymous 10133]. In the early morning you and the whole army should offer the widow the price for him, and at the third hour [take him] in exchange for the price; then at the sixth hour lead him before the whole multitude so that they may elect him king, and at the ninth hour lead him with the whole army upon the hill which is called Oswigesdune and there place on his right arm a golden armlet, and thus they shall all constitute him king. Tell him also, after he has been made king, to give me [i.e. St Cuthbert's 1] all land between the Tyne and Wear and [to grant that] whoever shall flee to me, whether for homicide or for any other necessity, may have peace for thirty-seven days and nights.’ Certain of this vision and strengthened by the reasonable command of the holy confessor, that holy abbot confidently hurried to the barbarian host, by which [he was] honourably received, [and] there he faithfully carried out [everything] on the order in which he had been commanded. For he found that boy, redeemed [him], and with the great support of the whole multitude constituted him king, received the land and the peace. Then bishop Eardwulf 18 brought to that host and to that hill the body of St Cuthbert 1, over which the king himself and the whole host swore peace and fidelity as long as they might live, and this oath was faithfully observed.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto  12-13

Peace agreement (1)

 Guthfrith 3.elected king of York: So with Ælle 3 and his brother Osberht 6 slain, none of their kinsmen ruled – this [favour] from God having been obtained by St Cuthbert 1, against whom they had sinned much – for the Danes slew nearly all the English in the southern and the northern part [of England], demolished and despoiled the churches. Then Halfdan 2, king of the Danes, entered the Tyne and sailed as far as Wircesforda, devastating everything and sinning cruelly against St Cuthbert 1. But soon the wrath of God and of the holy confessor fell upon him. For he began to rave and to reek so badly that his whole army drove him from its midst.

At that time St Cuthbert 1 appeared in the night to the holy abbot of Carlisle named Eadred 29, firmly commanding him as follows: ‘Go’, he said, ‘over the Tyne to the army of the Danes, and tell them that it they wish to be obedient to me, they should show you a certain young man named Guthfrith 3 son of Harthacnut 2, the slave of a certain widow [Anonymous 10133]. In the early morning you and the whole army should offer the widow the price for him, and at the third hour [take him] in exchange for the price; then at the sixth hour lead him before the whole multitude so that they may elect him king, and at the ninth hour lead him with the whole army upon the hill which is called Oswigesdune and there place on his right arm a golden armlet, and thus they shall all constitute him king. Tell him also, after he has been made king, to give me [i.e. St Cuthbert's 1] all land between the Tyne and Wear and [to grant that] whoever shall flee to me, whether for homicide or for any other necessity, may have peace for thirty-seven days and nights.’ Certain of this vision and strengthened by the reasonable command of the holy confessor, that holy abbot confidently hurried to the barbarian host, by which [he was] honourably received, [and] there he faithfully carried out [everything] on the order in which he had been commanded. For he found that boy, redeemed [him], and with the great support of the whole multitude constituted him king, received the land and the peace. Then bishop Eardwulf 18 brought to that host and to that hill the body of St Cuthbert 1, over which the king himself and the whole host swore peace and fidelity as long as they might live, and this oath was faithfully observed.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto  12-13

Raiding (1)

 Guthfrith 3.elected king of York: So with Ælle 3 and his brother Osberht 6 slain, none of their kinsmen ruled – this [favour] from God having been obtained by St Cuthbert 1, against whom they had sinned much – for the Danes slew nearly all the English in the southern and the northern part [of England], demolished and despoiled the churches. Then Halfdan 2, king of the Danes, entered the Tyne and sailed as far as Wircesforda, devastating everything and sinning cruelly against St Cuthbert 1. But soon the wrath of God and of the holy confessor fell upon him. For he began to rave and to reek so badly that his whole army drove him from its midst.

At that time St Cuthbert 1 appeared in the night to the holy abbot of Carlisle named Eadred 29, firmly commanding him as follows: ‘Go’, he said, ‘over the Tyne to the army of the Danes, and tell them that it they wish to be obedient to me, they should show you a certain young man named Guthfrith 3 son of Harthacnut 2, the slave of a certain widow [Anonymous 10133]. In the early morning you and the whole army should offer the widow the price for him, and at the third hour [take him] in exchange for the price; then at the sixth hour lead him before the whole multitude so that they may elect him king, and at the ninth hour lead him with the whole army upon the hill which is called Oswigesdune and there place on his right arm a golden armlet, and thus they shall all constitute him king. Tell him also, after he has been made king, to give me [i.e. St Cuthbert's 1] all land between the Tyne and Wear and [to grant that] whoever shall flee to me, whether for homicide or for any other necessity, may have peace for thirty-seven days and nights.’ Certain of this vision and strengthened by the reasonable command of the holy confessor, that holy abbot confidently hurried to the barbarian host, by which [he was] honourably received, [and] there he faithfully carried out [everything] on the order in which he had been commanded. For he found that boy, redeemed [him], and with the great support of the whole multitude constituted him king, received the land and the peace. Then bishop Eardwulf 18 brought to that host and to that hill the body of St Cuthbert 1, over which the king himself and the whole host swore peace and fidelity as long as they might live, and this oath was faithfully observed.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto  12-13

Relics-incorrupt preservation/placing in reliquary/requesting/translating (1)

 Guthfrith 3.elected king of York: So with Ælle 3 and his brother Osberht 6 slain, none of their kinsmen ruled – this [favour] from God having been obtained by St Cuthbert 1, against whom they had sinned much – for the Danes slew nearly all the English in the southern and the northern part [of England], demolished and despoiled the churches. Then Halfdan 2, king of the Danes, entered the Tyne and sailed as far as Wircesforda, devastating everything and sinning cruelly against St Cuthbert 1. But soon the wrath of God and of the holy confessor fell upon him. For he began to rave and to reek so badly that his whole army drove him from its midst.

At that time St Cuthbert 1 appeared in the night to the holy abbot of Carlisle named Eadred 29, firmly commanding him as follows: ‘Go’, he said, ‘over the Tyne to the army of the Danes, and tell them that it they wish to be obedient to me, they should show you a certain young man named Guthfrith 3 son of Harthacnut 2, the slave of a certain widow [Anonymous 10133]. In the early morning you and the whole army should offer the widow the price for him, and at the third hour [take him] in exchange for the price; then at the sixth hour lead him before the whole multitude so that they may elect him king, and at the ninth hour lead him with the whole army upon the hill which is called Oswigesdune and there place on his right arm a golden armlet, and thus they shall all constitute him king. Tell him also, after he has been made king, to give me [i.e. St Cuthbert's 1] all land between the Tyne and Wear and [to grant that] whoever shall flee to me, whether for homicide or for any other necessity, may have peace for thirty-seven days and nights.’ Certain of this vision and strengthened by the reasonable command of the holy confessor, that holy abbot confidently hurried to the barbarian host, by which [he was] honourably received, [and] there he faithfully carried out [everything] on the order in which he had been commanded. For he found that boy, redeemed [him], and with the great support of the whole multitude constituted him king, received the land and the peace. Then bishop Eardwulf 18 brought to that host and to that hill the body of St Cuthbert 1, over which the king himself and the whole host swore peace and fidelity as long as they might live, and this oath was faithfully observed.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto  12-13

Slave-selling (1)

 Guthfrith 3.elected king of York: So with Ælle 3 and his brother Osberht 6 slain, none of their kinsmen ruled – this [favour] from God having been obtained by St Cuthbert 1, against whom they had sinned much – for the Danes slew nearly all the English in the southern and the northern part [of England], demolished and despoiled the churches. Then Halfdan 2, king of the Danes, entered the Tyne and sailed as far as Wircesforda, devastating everything and sinning cruelly against St Cuthbert 1. But soon the wrath of God and of the holy confessor fell upon him. For he began to rave and to reek so badly that his whole army drove him from its midst.

At that time St Cuthbert 1 appeared in the night to the holy abbot of Carlisle named Eadred 29, firmly commanding him as follows: ‘Go’, he said, ‘over the Tyne to the army of the Danes, and tell them that it they wish to be obedient to me, they should show you a certain young man named Guthfrith 3 son of Harthacnut 2, the slave of a certain widow [Anonymous 10133]. In the early morning you and the whole army should offer the widow the price for him, and at the third hour [take him] in exchange for the price; then at the sixth hour lead him before the whole multitude so that they may elect him king, and at the ninth hour lead him with the whole army upon the hill which is called Oswigesdune and there place on his right arm a golden armlet, and thus they shall all constitute him king. Tell him also, after he has been made king, to give me [i.e. St Cuthbert's 1] all land between the Tyne and Wear and [to grant that] whoever shall flee to me, whether for homicide or for any other necessity, may have peace for thirty-seven days and nights.’ Certain of this vision and strengthened by the reasonable command of the holy confessor, that holy abbot confidently hurried to the barbarian host, by which [he was] honourably received, [and] there he faithfully carried out [everything] on the order in which he had been commanded. For he found that boy, redeemed [him], and with the great support of the whole multitude constituted him king, received the land and the peace. Then bishop Eardwulf 18 brought to that host and to that hill the body of St Cuthbert 1, over which the king himself and the whole host swore peace and fidelity as long as they might live, and this oath was faithfully observed.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto  12-13

Æthelweard.Chron: Chronicle of Æthelweard (9)

Recorded Name (2)

Healfdene (2)

 Æthelweard.Chron  iv.3 (p. 41)
 Æthelweard.Chron  iv.3 (p. 43)

Personal Information (1)

other (1)

 Æthelweard.Chron  iv.3 (p. 41) (tyrant)

Office (1)

Dux (1)

 Æthelweard.Chron  iv.3 (p. 41)

Status (1)

Tyrannus (1)

 Æthelweard.Chron  iv.3 (p. 41)

Personal Relationship (1)

~ Brother (Consanguineal kinship) of Halfdan 2 (1)

 Anonymous 919: of Halfdan 2: Æthelweard.Chron  iv.3 (p. 43)

Event (3)

Conquest (1)

 Halfdan 2.dividing up of land of Northumbrians (Anonymi 2511): Halfdan 2 divided up the kingdom of the Northumbrians (Anonymi 2511), having conquered them all.: Æthelweard.Chron  iv.3 (p. 41) (876)

Kingdom - division of (2)

 Anonymi 34.division of kingdom of Mercians: The barbarians (Anonymi 34) divided up the kingdom into two for themselves, Halfdan 2 taking the land of the Northumbrians (Anonymi 2511).: Æthelweard.Chron  iv.3 (p. 41) (875)
 Halfdan 2.dividing up of land of Northumbrians (Anonymi 2511): Halfdan 2 divided up the kingdom of the Northumbrians (Anonymi 2511), having conquered them all.: Æthelweard.Chron  iv.3 (p. 41) (876)

Overwintering (1)

 Halfdan 2.taking of winterquarters on River Tyne: In wintertime Halfdan 2 made his settlement near the River Tyne.: Æthelweard.Chron  iv.3 (p. 41) (875)