Ecgfrith 4 (Male) King of the Northumbrians, 670-685
l vii-l viii

OEMart 128-9 (She [sc. Ecgfrith 4] used woollen clothing and seldom bathed in a hot bath except before Easter and before the fifty days [i.e., Pentecost] and before the day of Christ's baptism. And she seldom went for a meal more often than once a day and from the time of nocturns she stayed in the church at prayer until day.)

Willibrord.Cal 7 (20 May: Of King Ecgfrith 4)

Office (86)

King (85)

Anon.VitCuthberti iii.6

Anon.VitCuthberti iv.1

Anon.VitCuthberti iv.7

Anon.VitCuthberti iv.8 (King)

Bede.VitCuthbertiPr 15

Bede.VitCuthbertiPr 24

Bede.VitCuthbertiPr 27

Bede.VitCuthbertiMetr 21

Bede.VitCuthbertiMetr 29 cap.

Stephen.VitWilfridi 17

Stephen.VitWilfridi 19

Stephen.VitWilfridi 20 (King of the Deirans and Bernicians)

Stephen.VitWilfridi 21

Stephen.VitWilfridi 24

Stephen.VitWilfridi 33

Stephen.VitWilfridi 34

Stephen.VitWilfridi 36

Stephen.VitWilfridi 38

Stephen.VitWilfridi 39

Stephen.VitWilfridi 40

Stephen.VitWilfridi 41

Stephen.VitWilfridi 43

Stephen.VitWilfridi 44 (King of the Northumbrians)

Stephen.VitWilfridi 58

Stephen.VitWilfridi 60

Bede.ChronMaior 529.562

Anon.HagiogListPhil1869 272 (20 May)

Anon.VitCeolfrithi 7

Anon.VitCeolfrithi 11

Bede.HistAb 1

Bede.HistAb 4 (Ruler of the region across the Humber)

Bede.HistAb 7

Bede.HE iii.28

Bede.HE iv.5

Bede.HE iv.12

Bede.HE iv.13

Bede.HE iv.17

Bede.HE iv.18

Bede.HE iv.19

Bede.HE iv.21

Bede.HE iv.26 (King of the Northumbrians)

Bede.HE iv.27

Bede.HE iv.28

Bede.HE v.1

Bede.HE v.19

Bede.HE v.24

Bede.HE v.24 (King of the Northumbrians)

Alcuin.VersEubor 668

Alcuin.VersEubor 789

Alcuin.VersEubor 836

S66 (king of the Northumbrians)

S1428a (king of the people of the Humber)

Annals.NbRegnList 246

ASC (E) 685 E

ASC (DEF) 709 DEF(OE)

OEMart 30

OEMart 128 (King of the Northumbrians)

ASC 670 ACEF(OE and Lat.)G, <670> B

ASC 755 ACDEG, <755> B

ASC 670 ACEG, <670> B

ASC 678 ACEG, <678> B, 677 F(OE and Lat.)

ASC 685 ACG, <685> B

AnnalsUlster 686.1 (King of the Saxons)

Anon.GenRegList1 (King of the Northumbrians)

Anon.GenRegList2 (King of the Northumbrians)

Anon.GenRegList2 (king of the Northumbrians)

Æthelweard.Chron ii.7 (King of the Northumbrians)

Anon.EpisList1

Anon.EpisList2

Anon.EpisList3

Willibrord.Cal 7

Okasha61

Anon.LiberEliensis I.8 (holding sway among the English over the northern territories)

Anon.LiberEliensis I.8 (king of the province of York)

Anon.LiberEliensis I.9

Anon.LiberEliensis I.10

Anon.LiberEliensis I.11

Anon.LiberEliensis I.12

Anon.LiberEliensis I.19

Anon.LiberEliensis I.27

WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum i.1.6

Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto 3

Status (2)

Exile (1)

Anon.LiberEliensis I.7

Hostage (1)

Bede.HE iii.24

Personal Relationship (77)

~ Ancestor (Generic kinship) of Ecgfrith 4 (7)

Woden 1: of Ecgfrith 4: Anon.GenRegList1

Æthelfrith 2: of Ecgfrith 4: Anon.GenRegList1

Æthelric 3: of Ecgfrith 4: Anon.GenRegList1

Ida 1: of Ecgfrith 4: Anon.GenRegList1

Eoppa 2: of Ecgfrith 4: Anon.GenRegList1

Oesa 1: of Ecgfrith 4: Anon.GenRegList1

Æthelberht 2: of Ecgfrith 4: Anon.GenRegList1

~ Aunt (Consanguineal kinship) of Ecgfrith 4 (2)

Æbbe 2: of Ecgfrith 4: Anon.LiberEliensis I.10

Æbbe 2: of Ecgfrith 4: Anon.LiberEliensis I.27

~ Aunt, Paternal (Consanguineal kinship) of Ecgfrith 4 (2)

Æbbe 2: of Ecgfrith 4: Bede.HE iv.19

Æbbe 2: of Ecgfrith 4: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum iii.101.9

Ecgfrith 4 Brother (Consanguineal kinship) of ~ (6)

of Ælfflæd 2: Anon.VitCuthberti iii.6

of Ælfflæd 2: Bede.VitCuthbertiPr 24

of Ælfflæd 2: Bede.VitCuthbertiMetr 21

of Ælfwine 4: Stephen.VitWilfridi 17

of Ælfwine 4: Stephen.VitWilfridi 24

of Aldfrith 1: Bede.HE v.1

~ Brother (Consanguineal kinship) of Ecgfrith 4 (7)

Ælfwine 4: of Ecgfrith 4: Stephen.VitWilfridi 17

Ælfwine 4: of Ecgfrith 4: Bede.HE iv.21

Ælfwine 4: of Ecgfrith 4: Alcuin.VersEubor 789

Aldfrith 1: of Ecgfrith 4: Alcuin.VersEubor 843

Aldfrith 1: of Ecgfrith 4: ASC (E) 685 E

Ælfwine 4: of Ecgfrith 4: Anon.LiberEliensis I.23

Ælfwine 4: of Ecgfrith 4: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum iii.100.23

Ecgfrith 4 Brother-in-law, sister’s husband (Affinal kinship) of ~ (1)

of Æthelred 2: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum iii.102.1

~ Father (Consanguineal kinship) of Ecgfrith 4 (1)

Oswiu 1: of Ecgfrith 4: Bede.VitCuthbertiPr 24

Ecgfrith 4 Friend (General relationship) of ~ (1)

of Wilfrid 2: Anon.LiberEliensis I.8

~ Friend (General relationship) of Ecgfrith 4 (1)

Cuthbert 1: of Ecgfrith 4: Bede.HE iv.26

~ Half-brother (Semi-kinship) of Ecgfrith 4 (4)

Aldfrith 1: of Ecgfrith 4: Bede.VitCuthbertiPr 24

Aldfrith 1: of Ecgfrith 4: Bede.VitCuthbertiMetr 21

Aldfrith 1: of Ecgfrith 4: Bede.HE iv.26

Aldfrith 1: of Ecgfrith 4: Æthelwulf.CarmAbb 2

Ecgfrith 4 Husband (Affinal kinship) of ~ (1)

of Æthelthryth 2: Anon.LiberEliensis I.23

~ Mother (Honorific kinship) of Ecgfrith 4 (1)

Æbbe 2: of Ecgfrith 4: Stephen.VitWilfridi 39

~ Relative (Generic kinship) of Ecgfrith 4 (1)

Anonymous 99: of Ecgfrith 4: Bede.VitCuthbertiMetr 21

~ Sister (Consanguineal kinship) of Ecgfrith 4 (5)

Ælfflæd 2: of Ecgfrith 4: Bede.VitCuthbertiPr 27

Osthryth 1: of Ecgfrith 4: Stephen.VitWilfridi 40

Osthryth 1: of Ecgfrith 4: ASC (DEF) 697 DEF(OE and Lat.)

Osthryth 1: of Ælfwine 4: Anon.LiberEliensis I.23

Osthryth 1: of Ecgfrith 4: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum iii.102.1

Ecgfrith 4 Son (Consanguineal kinship) of ~ (11)

of Oswiu 1: Bede.HE iii.24

of Oswiu 1: Bede.HE iv.5

of Oswiu 1: ASC 670 E

of Oswiu 1: ASC 685 ACG, <685> B

of Oswiu 1: AnnalsFragIrel 36.96

of Oswiu 1: AnnalsUlster 686.1

of Oswiu 1: Anon.GenRegList1

of Oswiu 1: Anon.GenRegList2

of Oswiu 1: Anon.LiberEliensis I.7

of Oswiu 1: Anon.LiberEliensis I.8

of Oswiu 1: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto 3

Ecgfrith 4 Son (Honorific kinship) of ~ (1)

of Æbbe 2: Stephen.VitWilfridi 39

Ecgfrith 4 Successor (General relationship) of ~ (5)

of Oswiu 1: Alcuin.VersEubor 575-6

of Oswiu 1: Annals.NbRegnList 246

of Oswiu 1: ASC 670 ACEG, <670> B

of Oswiu 1: Æthelweard.Chron ii.7

of Oswiu 1: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto 3

~ Successor (General relationship) of Ecgfrith 4 (4)

Aldfrith 1: of Ecgfrith 4: Alcuin.VersEubor 843

Aldfrith 1: of Ecgfrith 4: Annals.NbRegnList 246

Aldfrith 1: of Ecgfrith 4: ASC (E) 685 E

Ceolwulf 3: of Ecgfrith 4: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto 8

~ Wife (Affinal kinship) of Ecgfrith 4 (16)

Eormenburg 1: of Ecgfrith 4: Anon.VitCuthberti iv.8

Æthelthryth 2: of Ecgfrith 4: Stephen.VitWilfridi 19

Eormenburg 1: of Ecgfrith 4: Stephen.VitWilfridi 24

Æthelthryth 2: of Ecgfrith 4: Bede.ChronMaior 528.562

Æthelthryth 2: of Ecgfrith 4: Bede.ChronMaior 528-9.562

Æthelthryth 2: of Ecgfrith 4: Bede.HE iv.19

Æthelthryth 2: of Ecgfrith 4: Alcuin.VersEubor 753

Æthelthryth 2: of Ecgfrith 4: Alcuin.VersEubor 763

Æthelthryth 2: of Ecgfrith 4: OEMart 128

Æthelthryth 2: of Ecgfrith 4: AnnalsFragIrel 36.97

Æthelthryth 2: of Ecgfrith 4: OEMart

Eormenburg 1: of Ecgfrith 4: Anon.LiberEliensis I.11

Æthelthryth 2: of Ecgfrith 4: Anon.LiberEliensis I.27

Æthelthryth 2: of Ecgfrith 4: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum iii.100.32

Eormenburg 1: of Ecgfrith 4: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum iii.100.32

Æthelthryth 2: of Ecgfrith 4: RestingPlaces 20

Possession (1)

Ecgfrith 4's mynster at the mouth of the Don.: ASC (DEF) 794 DE

Event (116)

Accusation (1)

Wilfrid 2-Ecgfrith 4.conflict: So long as the blessed Æthelthryth 2 shared Ecgfrith 4's bed, she strove to keep Wilfrid 2 on good terms with her husband. But Ecgfrith 4's new wife, Eormenburg 1, stirred up hostility to the bishop on the grounds of his great wealth and influence. On hearing that, Archbishop Theodore 1 took measures against Wilfrid 2. Wilfrid 2 went to the Continent to appeal to the pope. In his absence Æthelred 2, king of the Mercians and Wulfhere 1's brother, began a campaign against the Northumbrians to avenge the injuries done to his brother. He put Ecgfrith 4 to flight, slaying his brother Ælfwine 4. Æthelred 2 then banished Bishop Wynnfrith 1, successor of Chad 1 at Lichfield, because he had favoured Ecgfrith 4. Wynnfrith 1, driven by chance on to the coast of the Gaul, came upon King Theoderic 2 and Ebroin 1 duke of the Franks. They had received instructions from Britain to seize and despoil Bishop Wilfrid 2. Mistaken by the name, they killed Wynnfrith 1's company, Anonymi 337 and took away his property, though they let him get away. Meanwhile, Wilfrid 2 befriended Aldgisl 1 and converted him to Christianity; then he moved to Dagobert 3. Dagobert 3 offered Wilfrid 2 the see of Strasbourg, but the latter put off an answer till he should come back from Rome, and Dagobert 3 sent him freely on his way in the company of bishop Deodatus 1. On their way they encountered Perctarit 1, who first wanted to harm Wilfrid 2, but when he heard the true story he helped Wilfrid 2 to crown his business with success. Finally, he arrived to Rome. There had arrived earlier from Theodore 1 a monk of impeccable devoutness, one Cenwald 1, with written accusations against the bishop. Disturbed by this, Pope Agatho 2 summoned a council of fifty bishops and abbots. Andrew 1 and John 10 were present; John 12 kept the records. The council decided that Wilfrid 2's bishopric should be restored to him. Wilfrid 2 then returned to Britain, obtained audience of Ecgfrith 4 and gave him the papal decree. The king, however, showed no respect for the see of Rome, robbed the bishop of his property and handed him over to a certain reeve Osfrith 2, a man notorious for his cruelty. The court itched to do Wilfrid 2 some injury, and Eormenburg 1 went as far as to seize the bishop’s reliquary from him by force and carried it around, relics and all, on her neck or in her carriage. Osfrith 2 put the bishop into a dark prison, but through its darkness a light burst to shine on Wilfrid 2. The reeve was in fear when he heard about it, but he was even more afraid of Ecgfrith 4. Meanwhile his wife [Æbbe 1] grew very ill, first foaming at the mouth and then becoming paralyzed; Osfrith 2 threw himself at the bishop’s feet, and his wife’s health was restored; he then begged the king not to impose on him the guilt of punishing the innocent bishop. Ecgfrith 4 then passed Wilfrid 2 on to a more cruel man called Tydlin 1, who ordered the bishop to be chained – but the chains kept slipping off Wilfrid 2’s hands. The king and his wife continued to ignore these signs and treated the bishop with scorn and hostility, keeping him under arrest. But one night, on a visit from Ecgfrith 4’s aunt, Abbess Æbbe 2, Eormenburg 1 was seized with the Devil. The abbess understood what had happened and prevailed upon her nephew to restore the blessed man’s reliquary. To restore his spouse’s health, the king had to allow Wilfrid 2 to go free. The queen made a good recovery; later, after her husband’s death, she took the habit and was a religious repented of what she had done. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum iii.100.32-101.10

Advice/counsel (3)

Wilfrid 2.exile in southern kingdoms: So Wilfrid 2 was driven out from his native soil, and headed for Wessex. There he was taken in by a nobleman called Beorhtwald 3. But Æthelred 2, Beorhtwald 3’s lord and uncle, commanded him not to harbour Wilfrid 2: this was to curry favour with Ecgfrith 4, whose sister Osthryth 1 had married Æthelred 2 to solace him for the murder of his brother Ælfwine 4, cementing peace between husband and brother. Wilfrid 2 had already founded a little monastery in Wessex; but he left his monks [Anonymi 403] behind and fled to the South Saxons. There he won over King Æthelwalh 1, his queen [Eafe 1] and their people through his preaching, baptizing many them and becoming the bishop of Selsey. At this time Cædwalla 1 had been driven from Wessex by a conspiracy of the nobles. He often turned to Wilfrid 2 for advice, and the holy man was quick to give him solace, offering him and his men cavalry and money. Angry and resentful with everyone, Cædwalla 1 killed Æthelwalh 1 when by some ill chance he confronted him. Taking control of Wessex, he put Wilfrid 2 in charge of the kingdom as lord and master; he gave him vast properties in the Isle of Wight, and was happy to confirm his previous possessions by grant of an edict. : WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum iii.102

Æthelthryth 2.fleeing from Ecgfrith 4 and performing miracles: King Ecgfrith 4, who had long been dedicated to chaste marriage with Æthelthryth 2, did not take kindly to divorce from his beloved spouse, and soon began to be immeasurably sorrowful and grief-stricken. Hence, at the suggestion and instigation of his people, he began to remove her forcibly from the convent, despite the fact that she was under the protection of the veil of holiness. Without delay, he went up to the convent where the holy virgin was living, with fury and hullabaloo, and in a great hurry. On hearing him coming, the mother of the community Æbbe 2, advised her that the only means of safety lay in escape. And, Æthelthryth 2 resolved to take action whereby she might remain a virgin for the rest of her life; nor must she rest until she reached her home in Ely. ... Forthwith, this woman who, the day before yesterday, had been mistress over a kingdom, in contempt of earthly sovereignty, entered the monastic life. ... The king, wishing to take her back as his wife, went into action, not failing to set out in pursuit, in the hope that he might perhaps be able to catch her. But the holy woman, groaning and anxious now with redoubled fear, fled under compulsion from her pleasant hiding place and went forth ... Having secretly made a circuit of the place, she came, accompanied by two handmaidens of God, Sewenna 1 and Sewara 1, to a high hill nearby called Coldeburcheshevet and climbed it. ... The sea, leaving its bed and now pouting forth it waters in many directions, surrounded the place up which the holy virgins had climbed, and, as we have learnt from local inhabitants, kept them hidden for seven days on end, without food or drink, as they took their stand together in prayer, and that ... it forgot how to ebb back in the usual manner, so long as the king remained there, or near the place. ... For a long time they had been on top of the summit of the rock and surrounded on all sides by a multitude of waves, and yet the king had found it quite impossible to find any direction from which to approach them. In the end, however, he retreated from the place marvelling at what had happened, and reduced to stupefaction. He Ecgfrith 4 returned to York and thereafter did not regard the confessor of the Lord, Wilfrid 2, favourably in confidential matters, nor with affection, as he had before, but instead for a considerable while harboured anger against him in his breast, and having bided his time, ejected him – the reason being such as we have described – from his Episcopal see. ... The time came when the nuns of the summit of the rock were beginning to duffer, being exceedingly feverish because of the dryness of thirst, so Æbbe 2 urged Æthelthryth 2 to pray to the Lord Christ ... And as she was most earnestly pouring out her prayer to God ... a spring of water straight away broke forth close to her, sparkling clear, and, in answer to her prayers ... the dry rock gushed forth what it did not naturally contain: water which was sufficient for the nuns’ use and did not fail to supply their needs.: Anon.LiberEliensis I.11

Appointment - ecclesiastical (2)

Ecgfrith 4-Theodore 1.grant to Cuthbert 1: King Ecgfrith 4 and Archbishop Theodore 1 gave to St Cuthbert 1 in the city of York all the land that lies from the wall of the church of York, St Peter's 1 as far as the great gate towards the west, and from the wall of the church of St Peter as far as the city wall towards the south. They also gave him the vill that is called Crayke and three miles in circumference around the same vill, so that he might have a stopping-place there whenever he went to or returned from York. And St Cuthbert 1 installed a congregating of monks there and ordained an abbot, and because it seemed a small territory, he added the city that is called Carlisle, which has a circumference of fifteen miles, and in the same city he placed a congregation of nuns, and ordained an abbess [Anonymous 59] and established schools.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto 5

Wilfrid 2.episcopal consecration: When Wilfrid 2 discovered that Chad 1 had been appointed to his see, her retired to Ripon for three years, acting as a priest. He was often called in by Wulfhere 1 king of the Mercians, who gave him a site called Lichfield on which to build a cathedral or a monastery. He was honoured with equal generosity by Ecgberht 3 king of Kent; and when Ecgberht 3 summoned him there Wilfrid 2 advanced many of his subjects up the grades of church preferment. One was Putta 1, whom he made a priest (later Theodore 1 promoted him to be bishop of Rochester). When Theodore 1 arrived to England, he saw that the canons had been flouted, and he degraded Chad 1, whose long-suffering touched Wilfrid 2's heard; by his help, Chad 1 was advanced for a second time though all the degrees and installed as bishop of Lichfield. At York Wilfrid 2 repaired and rebuilt a church built long ago by King Edwin 2; he also had a church built in Ripon. To its consecration were invited the brother kings Ecgfrith 4 and Ælfwine 4. For their father Oswiu 1 had died meanwhile, and it was they who endowed the place with vast estates.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum iii.100.19-23

Appointment/consecration/elevation/ordination of abbot (1)

Appointment/consecration/elevation/ordination of bishop (6)

Cuthbert 1.accession to episcopacy at urging of Anonymi 1088 and Ecgfrith 4: Cuthbert 1 became a bishop at the urging of Anonymi 1088 and [Ecgfrith 4].: Alcuin.VersEubor 666-73

Cuthbert 1.elevation to episcopacy: Cuthbert 1 was elected bishop of Lindisfarne in a council presided by Theodore 1 and in the presence of Ecgfrith 4.: Bede.VitCuthbertiPr 24

Cuthbert 1.episcopal consecration: Ecgfrith 4 caused Cuthbert 1 to be consecrated bishop of Lindisfarne.: Bede.HE iv.27

Ecgfrith 4.ordering of consecration of Cuthbert 1 as bishop: Here Ecgfrith 4 ordered that Cuthbert 1 be consecrated as a bishop.: ASC (E) 685 E (685)

Appointment/consecration/elevation/ordination of king (5)

Aldfrith 1.accession to kingdom: Aldfrith 1 acceded to the kingdom after him [sc. Ecgfrith 4].: ASC (E) 685 E (685)

Ecgfrith 4.succession to Oswiu 1: Ecgfrith 4 succeeded after Oswiu 1 [as king of the Northumbrians].: Æthelweard.Chron ii.7 (670)

Ecgfrith 4.succession to his father’s throne: Ecgfrith 4 succeeded his father [sc. Ecgfrith 4] on the throne on the latter's death.: Alcuin.VersEubor 575-6

Oswiu 1.appointing Ecgfrith 4 joint king of York: Oswiu 1 appointed Ecgfrith 4 as his sharer in the kingship over the province of York, since, being oppressed by bodily illness, he was finding difficulty in maintaining secure jurisdiction over the kingdom.: Anon.LiberEliensis I.8

Oswiu 1.death: King Oswiu 1 died and his son Ecgfrith 4 ruled in his place.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto 3

Appointment/consecration/elevation/ordination of priest (1)

Arrest (1)

Assistance (2)

Baptism (1)

Battle (15)

Ecgfrith 4-Anonymi 1326.killing: Ecgfrith 4 was killed to the north of the Firth of Forth and a great army (Anonymi 1326) with him on 13 kalends of June [= 20 May]: ASC (E) 685 E (685)

Ecgfrith 4-Bruide 1.battle at Dunnichen: Battle of Dunnichen in which the son of Oswiu 1 [sc. Ecgfrith 4] was killed. Bruide 1 was the victor.: AnnalsFragIrel 36.96 (685)

Ecgfrith 4-Æthelred 2.battle near River Trent: A great battle was fought between Ecgfrith 4 and Æthelred 2. Ælfwine 4 was killed. Through Theodore 1's intervention peace was restored between the two kings.: Bede.HE iv.21, 22, v.24 (679)

Ecgfrith 4-Æthelred 2.fighting near Trent: Ecgfrith 4 and Æthelred 2 were fighting near the Trent.: ASC (E) 679 E (679)

Ecgfrith 4-Æthelred 2.fighting the Battle of the Trent: King Ecgfrith 4 and King Æthelred 2 fought a grievous battle near the River Trent.: Anon.LiberEliensis I.23

Ecgfrith 4.battle: The battle of Ecgfrith 4 [was] sixty-three years ago.: Annals.NbRegnList 246 (674 - ?)

Ecgfrith 4.death: Ecgfrith 4 was slain by the swords of the Picts and was succeeded by his bastard brother.: Bede.VitCuthbertiPr 24

Ecgfrith 4.death at the hands of Picts: Ecgfrith 4 was slain and all the best of his army (Anonymi 290) overcome by the Picts (Anonymi 291).: Stephen.VitWilfridi 44

Ecgfrith 4.defeat of Wulfhere 1: King Ecgfrith 4 fought against the king of the Mercians, Wulfhere 1 son of Penda 1, and having cut down [his] army he [Ecgfrith 4] vanquished him and put him to flight with only one small boy [Anonymous 10131] accompanying [him]. Ecgfrith 4 obtained this though the aid of St Wilfrid 2, who was with him, but especially through the prayers of St Cuthbert 1, who was absent.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto 7 (670 x 675)

Ecgfrith 4.defeat of Wulfhere 1's southern coalition: Ecgfrith 4 defeated Wulfhere 1 and his forces (Anonymi 323).: Stephen.VitWilfridi 20 (670 x 675)

Ecgfrith 4.successful battles: King Ecgfrith 4 expanded his kingdom into the territory of the Picts, and maintained it against the Mercians. For the Picts [Anonymi 321], on the death of king Oswiu 1, made light of the infant reign, and they combined in an unprovoked attack on the Northumbrians. Accompanied by the sub-king Beornhæth 1, the royal youth [Ecgfrith 4] went to meet them and with his small force annihilated them completely. Wulfhere 1 too, king of the Mercians, led an army [Anonymi 323] against the Northumbrians, recalling with resentment how they had killed his father [Penda 1]. But fortune did not favour him - hardly more that it had favoured his father; but he did live to turn tail in shameful retreat. Not many days later he died, part of his lands passing to the king of the Northumbrians. As a result of these successes, Wilfrid 2's estates were enlarged, and churches established with many monks.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum iii.100.28-30 (670 x 675)

Ecgfrith 4.victory over Picts (Anonymi 321): With Beornhæth 1 Ecgfrith 4 slew and subjected to servitude the Picts (Anonymi 321).: Stephen.VitWilfridi 19

Penda 1-Oswiu 1.battle of River Winwæd: When the battle was joined the heathen were put to flight or destroyed.: Bede.HE iii.24

Penda 1.fighting at [Winwæd]: Penda 1, supported by 30 legions and the same number of most noble commanders, went up to Bernicia, to wage war against Oswiu 1. King Oswiu 1, along with his son Ealhfrith 1, came to meet him. He had only one legion, but had placed his reliance upon Christ's leadership. For Oswiu 1's other son, Ecgfrith 4, was at that time detained as a hostage in the province of Mercia in the household of Penda 1's queen, Cynewise 1. ... Even the son of Oswald 1, Æthelwald 6, who ought to have been assisting Oswiu 1 and Ealhfrith 1 on that occasion, was on the side of their enemies. He had become a commander, and was to fight for them against his homeland and his uncle. On this particular occasion, although he had kept apart from them, he was awaiting the outcome of the battle in a safe place. And when battle was entered, the 30 pagan commanders of King Penda 1 were put to flight and slaughtered, and those who had come to his aid were almost all killed. Amongst the slain was the very person who had instigated the war, Æthelhere 1, the brother of Anna 1, King of the East Angles, who became ruler in succession to him. King Oswiu 1 brought this war to a close in the 13th year of his reign, to the great benefit of both populaces.: Anon.LiberEliensis I.7

Ælfwine 4.killing: Here Ælfwine 4 was slain near the Trent where Ecgfrith 4 and Æthelred 2 were fighting.: ASC (E) 679 E (679)

Book circulating/making/reading/translating/writing (1)

Ecgfrith 4-Æthelthryth 2.obedience to Wilfrid 2: King Ecgfrith 4, devoted to holy works along with his Queen, Æthelthryth 2, became, together with her, obedient in all matters to Bishop Wilfrid 2. There followed peace and joy among their peoples, and successful years and victories against their enemies, God being their helper. So one reads in the Life of this same confessor of the Lord, Wilfrid 2.: Anon.LiberEliensis I.8

Building construction/restoration (1)

Ceolfrith 1.construction of St Paul’s church: Ceolfrith 1 began to build the church for which Ecgfrith 4 himself had marked out the site of the altar. They proceeded very quickly.: Anon.VitCeolfrithi 12

Burh - capture (1)

Ecgfrith 4.grant to Cuthbert 1: Having defeated Wulfhere 1, Ecgfrith 4 gave Carham and whatever pertains to it to St Cuthbert 1 and held him in the highest veneration as long as he lived, himself and all his kindred, until after his death the Danes came and crushed York and devastated the land.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto 7

Burial (1)

Ecgfrith 4.burial: And the burial of King Ecgfrith 4.: Anon.HagiogListPhil1869 272 (20 May)

Campaigning (1)

Capture (2)

Wilfrid 2.imprisonment: Wilfrid 2 was imprisoned.: Stephen.VitWilfridi 36

Challenge (1)

Wilfrid 2.appeal against judicial decision of Ecgfrith 4 and Theodore 1: Wilfrid 2 challenged the judgment of Ecgfrith 4 and Theodore 1, who refused to change their decision; he then declared he would appeal to the Apostolic See.: Stephen.VitWilfridi 24

Charter-witnessing (2)

S1428a - Theodore 1 decreeing the division of bishoprics: Decree of Archbishop Theodore 1 respecting the division of the bishoprics: S1428a (680)

S66 - Ecgfrith 4 granting land to Cuthbert 1: Ecgfrith 4, king of Northumbria, to Cuthbert 1; grant of land at Crayke, Yorks. N.R., and at Lugubalia (Carlisle): S66 (685)

Church/monastery/minster foundation/dedication/restoration (10)

Biscop 2.foundation of monastery: Biscop 2 built a monastery: Bede.HE iv.18

Biscop 2.founding of Jarrow: At Ecgfrith 4's command, Benedict 1 chose 17 monks [Anonymi 696] from Wearmouth with Ceolfrith 1 as abbot to found Jarrow, St Paul's as a sister monastery of Wearmouth.: Bede.HistAb 7

Biscop 2.founding of Wearmouth: Biscop 2 founded a monastery on the north bank of the Wear: Bede.HistAb 1, 4

Ecgfrith 4.granting land to Biscop 2: land for the founding of the monastery of St Peter: Bede.HE iv.18

Ecgfrith 4.granting land to Ceolfrith 1: fifty hides of land to build a monastery: Anon.VitCeolfrithi 7 (674)

Wilfrid 2.dedication of church at Ripon: Wilfrid 2 and various dignatories dedicated the church at Ripon to St Peter and its altar to the Lord with the people taking part.: Stephen.VitWilfridi 17

Commemoration of saint/calendar-entering (1)

Ecgfrith 4.commemoration on 20 May: 20 May: Calendar-commemoration of King Ecgfrith 4.: Willibrord.Cal 7

Commemoration of the dead (1)

Ecgfrith 4.commemoration on 20 May: 20 May: Calendar-commemoration of King Ecgfrith 4.: Willibrord.Cal 7

Confirmation of land/privileges (1)

Confiscation (1)

Conquest (4)

Ecgfrith 4.defeat of Wulfhere 1: Ecgfrith 4 defeated Wulfhere 1 and conquered the kingdom of Lindsey.: Bede.HE iv.12 (673 x 675)

Ecgfrith 4.extension of kingdom: Ecgfrith 4 extended his kingdom north and south.: Stephen.VitWilfridi 21

Ecgfrith 4.victory over Picts (Anonymi 321): With Beornhæth 1 Ecgfrith 4 slew and subjected to servitude the Picts (Anonymi 321).: Stephen.VitWilfridi 19

Conspiracy/intent to murder (2)

Wilfrid 2.plot to seize his property: Eormenburg 1 and Ecgfrith 4 conspired to suborn Theodore 1 in order to condemn Wilfrid 2 and seize property under his control by sending Theodore 1 gifts and inviting the latter to meet them.: Stephen.VitWilfridi 24

Conversion (2)

Council-meeting, ecclesiastical (6)

Cuthbert 1.elevation to episcopacy: Cuthbert 1 was elected bishop of Lindisfarne in a council presided by Theodore 1 and in the presence of Ecgfrith 4.: Bede.VitCuthbertiPr 24

Theodore 1-Ecgfrith 4.synod: A synod of no small size was gathered together in the presence of Ecgfrith 4 in a place called Adtuuifyrdi, over which Theodore 1 presided. There Cuthbert 1 was elected to the bishopric of the church of Lindisfarne.: Bede.HE iv.28

Theodore 1-Wilfrid 2.conflict: Theodore 1 expelled Wilfrid 2 wrongfully, and Wilfrid 2 appealed to the pope of Rome, Agatho 2, after being buffeted by many dangers. His appeal was couched in moderate terms: he wished neither to bring charges against the pope's nominee, nor yet to allow his own innocence to be imperilled. these are the words of his memorandum to the pope: 'How has it come about that Theodore 1 should, while I yet lived, in the see which I controlled, ordain three bishops on his own authority, without the consent of any bishop, and against my humble wishes?' Wilfrid 2 was on this occasion adjudged innocent by the Roman council and sent back to his see. But he did not carry his point, thanks to the strong measures of King Ecgfrith 4, particularly as Theodore 1 either purposely obstructed him or let things take their course without interfering. This is also backed up and supported by the letter which Agatho 2 sent to the sixth synod assembled at Constantinople: 'We are hoping to join with our humble self Theodore 1 from Britain, our fellow servant and fellow bishop, archbishop of the great island of Britain, and a lover of wisdom; and this is why we have delayed this council up until now.': WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum i.1.4-7

Theodore 1.council of Hertford: Theodore 1 summoned a council of bishops together with many teachers of the church. After Theodore 1's preliminary discourse, they all approved the book of canons laid down by the holy fathers at the Council of Chalcedon. Then Theodore 1 pointed out some specific chapters which deserved special attention. They drew up ten canons.: Bede.HE iv.5, v.24 (672 x 673)

Wilfrid 2.synod to hear papal judgments: After Wilfrid 2 handed the papal decision to Ecgfrith 4, a synod was held after which he was imprisoned for nine months.: Stephen.VitWilfridi 34-35

Death/dying (10)

Cuthbert 1.revelation on end of war with Picts: Cuthbert 1 foresaw in his mind that the war between Ecgfrith 4 and the Picts was to result in a wretched end and the death of the king.: Bede.VitCuthbertiMetr 29

Ecgfrith 4-Anonymi 2156.death in the battle of Dunnichen: Battle of Dunnichen in which Ecgfrith 4 was killed with a great body of his soldiers (Anonymi 2156).: AnnalsUlster 686.1 (685)

Ecgfrith 4.death: Ecgfrith 4 fell in the war against the Picts.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum iii.103.1

Ecgfrith 4.death at the hands of Picts: Ecgfrith 4 was slain and all the best of his army (Anonymi 290) overcome by the Picts (Anonymi 291).: Stephen.VitWilfridi 44

Oswiu 1.death: King Oswiu 1 died and his son Ecgfrith 4 ruled in his place.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto 3

Ælfwine 4.death: Exactly one year after the appeal of Wilfrid 2 against the judicial decision by Ecgfrith 4 and Theodore 1 was rejected by them the body of Ælfwine 4 was carried into York to the grief of the people.: Stephen.VitWilfridi 24

Deposition of bishop (3)

Wilfrid 2.deposition from bishopric by Ecgfrith 4: Ecgfrith 4 returned to York and thereafter did not regard the confessor of the Lord, Wilfrid 2, favourably in confidential matters, nor with affection, as he had before, but instead for a considerable while harboured anger against him in his breast, and having bided his time, ejected him – the reason being such as we have described – from his Episcopal see. : Anon.LiberEliensis I.11

Disputing/dispute-settling (2)

Ecgfrith 4-Wilfrid 2.dissension: A dissension arose between Ecgfrith 4 and Wilfrid 2 with the result that the latter was driven from his see while two bishops were put in his place to rule over the Northumbrians.: Bede.HE iv.12, v.24 (678 - ?)

Wilfrid 2.exile: Wilfrid 2 was in exile for three years because of the disagreement between himself and King Ecgfrith 4 during which time he stayed for a while at Ely with Æthelthryth 2 before travelling to Rome where, by the judgement of Pope Benedict 2 and many others, he was found to be worthy of a bishopric. He then returned to Britain and converted the South Saxons to Christianity.: Anon.LiberEliensis I.19

Dowering/Morning-gifting (1)

Ecgfrith 4-Æthelthryth 2.marriage: Ecgfrith 4 was enflamed with love for the virgin [Æthelthryth 2] and he brought with him measureless wealth and promised many marriage-gifts. Being all the time aimed at conferring transitory honours upon her, the petition of the prince became most assuredly a burden to her rather than an honour. He next assailed her parents with earnest pleas, as a result of which, since she could not find the strength to struggle against their will any longer, she eventually acquiesced in the wishes of the petitioners, even though with reluctance. So it was that, contrary to her hopes, in the sixth year after the death of her father, by the united will of her kinfolk, in the time of her uncle Æthelwald 5 ... she was given in marriage a second time, to another royal husband, namely Ecgfrith 4, son of Oswiu 1, king of the Northumbrians. : Anon.LiberEliensis I.8 (660)

Ecclesiastical reform (1)

Election of bishop (1)

Episcopal see, acquisition/institution/division/merge (2)

S1428a - Theodore 1 decreeing the division of bishoprics: Decree of Archbishop Theodore 1 respecting the division of the bishoprics: S1428a (680)

Exile (3)

Ecgfrith 4.exile in the household of Cynewise 1: Ecgfrith 4 was being held in exile in the household of Cynewise 1.: Anon.LiberEliensis I.7 (655)

Exorcism (1)

Wilfrid 2.miracle of healing of Eormenburg 1: After Eormenburg 1 was seized by a demon, she was healed once Ecgfrith 4 freed Wilfrid 2 on the advice of Æbbe 2.: Stephen.VitWilfridi 39

Expulsion (4)

Wilfrid 2.deposition from bishopric by Ecgfrith 4: Wilfrid 2 was driven from his bishopric by Ecgfrith 4.: ASC 678 ACEG, <678> B, 677 F(OE and Lat.) (678)

Flight (7)

Penda 1-Oswiu 1.battle of River Winwæd: When the battle was joined the heathen were put to flight or destroyed.: Bede.HE iii.24

Freeing captives (1)

Friendship-making (2)

Ecgfrith 4.amity with Wilfrid 2: Ecgfrith 4 and Æthelthryth 2 were in amity with Wilfrid 2 in all respects with consequent peace amongst his people and success over foes.: Stephen.VitWilfridi 19

Governing (1)

Grant and Gift (10)

Ecgfrith 4.granting land to Biscop 2: land for the founding of the monastery of St Peter: Bede.HE iv.18

Ecgfrith 4.granting land to Ceolfrith 1: fifty hides of land to build a monastery: Anon.VitCeolfrithi 7 (674)

Ecgfrith 4.granting land to Cuthbert 1 S66: Ecgfrith 4, king of Northumbrians, to Cuthbert 1; grant of land at Crayke, Yorks. N.R., and at Lugubalia (Carlisle): S66 (685)

Ecgfrith 4.granting lands to Wilfrid 2: Many lands near Ribble and in Yeadon and in the region of Dent and at Catlow and in other places.: Stephen.VitWilfridi 17

Ecgfrith 4.granting gifts to Theodore 1: gifts: Stephen.VitWilfridi 24

S66 - Ecgfrith 4 granting land to Cuthbert 1: Ecgfrith 4, king of Northumbria, to Cuthbert 1; grant of land at Crayke, Yorks. N.R., and at Lugubalia (Carlisle): S66 (685)

Healing (2)

Wilfrid 2.miracle of healing of Eormenburg 1: After Eormenburg 1 was seized by a demon, she was healed once Ecgfrith 4 freed Wilfrid 2 on the advice of Æbbe 2.: Stephen.VitWilfridi 39

Hiding/harbouring/sanctuary (2)

Hostage-giving/taking (1)

Hostility (3)

Illness/demonic seizure/madness (3)

Wilfrid 2.miracle of healing of Eormenburg 1: After Eormenburg 1 was seized by a demon, she was healed once Ecgfrith 4 freed Wilfrid 2 on the advice of Æbbe 2.: Stephen.VitWilfridi 39

Imprisonment (3)

Wilfrid 2.imprisonment: Wilfrid 2 was imprisoned.: Stephen.VitWilfridi 36

Wilfrid 2.synod to hear papal judgments: After Wilfrid 2 handed the papal decision to Ecgfrith 4, a synod was held after which he was imprisoned for nine months.: Stephen.VitWilfridi 34-35

Invasion (1)

Ecgfrith 4.sending of here (Anonymi 1324) and Beorht 1 against Irish (Anonymi 1325): Here in this year Ecgfrith 4 sent a here (Anonymi 1324) with Beorht 1 against the Irish (Anonymi 1325).: ASC (E) 684 E (684)

Journey (6)

Cuthbert 1-Ælfflæd 2.meeting: Ælfflæd 2 asked Cuthbert 1 to meet her. He consented and set out in a boat. She asked him how long Ecgfrith 4 was to command his kingdom and he told her that he would die in one year's time.: Bede.VitCuthbertiMetr 21

Ecgfrith 4-Trumwine 1.leading Cuthbert 1 away from Farne Island: Since Cuthbert 1 could by no means be dragged from his place, Ecgfrith 4 and Trumwine 1 (together with many other religious and powerful men) sailed to his island and at last they drew him from his retirement.: Bede.VitCuthbertiPr 24

Ecgfrith 4-Trumwine 1.visit to Cuthbert 1 on Farne Island: Ecgfrith 4 and Trumwine 1, together with many other religious and powerful men, sailed to Farne Island to ask Cuthbert 1 to accept the bishopric of Lindisfarne.: Bede.HE iv.28

Judicial decision/review (3)

Killing/murder (12)

Ecgfrith 4-Anonymi 1326.killing: Ecgfrith 4 was killed to the north of the Firth of Forth and a great army (Anonymi 1326) with him on 13 kalends of June [= 20 May]: ASC (E) 685 E (685)

Ecgfrith 4-Anonymi 2156.death in the battle of Dunnichen: Battle of Dunnichen in which Ecgfrith 4 was killed with a great body of his soldiers (Anonymi 2156).: AnnalsUlster 686.1 (685)

Ecgfrith 4-Bruide 1.battle at Dunnichen: Battle of Dunnichen in which the son of Oswiu 1 [sc. Ecgfrith 4] was killed. Bruide 1 was the victor.: AnnalsFragIrel 36.96 (685)

Ecgfrith 4.death: Ecgfrith 4 fell by the hostile sword of the Picts.: Æthelwulf.CarmAbb 2

Ecgfrith 4.death at the hands of Picts: Ecgfrith 4 was slain and all the best of his army (Anonymi 290) overcome by the Picts (Anonymi 291).: Stephen.VitWilfridi 44

Ecgfrith 4.killing: In the same year Ecgfrith 4 was slain.: ASC 685 ACG, <685> B (685)

Ælfwine 4.killing: Here Ælfwine 4 was slain near the Trent where Ecgfrith 4 and Æthelred 2 were fighting.: ASC (E) 679 E (679)

Kingdom - accession to (3)

Aldfrith 1.accession to kingdom: Aldfrith 1 acceded to the kingdom after him [sc. Ecgfrith 4].: ASC (E) 685 E (685)

Ecgfrith 4.succession to Oswiu 1: Ecgfrith 4 succeeded after Oswiu 1 [as king of the Northumbrians].: Æthelweard.Chron ii.7 (670)

Oswiu 1.death: King Oswiu 1 died and his son Ecgfrith 4 ruled in his place.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto 3

Lust (1)

Æthelthryth 2.protecting her virginity by prayer: It happened once that the most blessed queen [Æthelthryth 2] entered the bed-chamber at a quiet time of the night; and the king [Ecgfrith 4] sent a message that he would quickly be following her. And when she learnt of this, she began to be ineffably saddened and grief-stricken, for fear of being robbed of the desired object of her resolve. And, opening up her inner self in prayer accompanied by groaning, she said to God, ‘O good Jesus, Lord and Master, remember thy mercies and the sweetness of thy beloved Mother and, by virtue of her pious intercessions, help me at this hour!’ There was no delay and the king, in a state of high excitement, arrived at his threshold, looked inside and - behold – the house in question was all lit up inside, as if it were on fire! As a result he was seized by very great terror and retreated in astonishment, calling out to her: ‘Do not, do not imagine, good woman, that I wish to make sport of you any more. The Lord God is your protector and your mighty helper.’: Anon.LiberEliensis I.9

Marital desertion/separation/repudiation (2)

Æthelthryth 2.leaving Ecgfrith 4 to become a nun: On account of her determination to become a nun, Ecgfrith 4 eventually permitted Æthelthryth 2 to leave him and enter the monastery of Coldingham.: Anon.LiberEliensis I.10

Marriage (4)

Ecgfrith 4.marrying Eormenburg 1: Eventually, when he was deprived of all conviction that there could be a return to marriage with the holy queen, he took Eormenburg 1 to himself in wedlock.: Anon.LiberEliensis I.11

Æthelthryth 2.marriage to Ecgfrith 4: St Æthelthryth 2 was given in marriage to Ecgfrith 4, king of Northumbria. She kept her virginity intact all her life, and entered the monastery in Ely.: RestingPlaces 20

Meeting (2)

Ecgfrith 4.promise of estates and money to Wilfrid 2: Ecgfrith 4 approached Wilfrid 2 both in person and through his friends, and quite frequently had meetings with him, begging and beseeching him, and trying to entice him with the promise of many great things, to induce him to persuade the queen [Æthelthryth 2] to set aside her resolve concerning virginity. He saw her assiduous friendly relations with the bishop for she kept receiving instruction from the latter’s exhortations; she was emulating him in the love of Christ. Consequently, the king kept wearying God’s herald with rewards – vainly. For Bishop Wilfrid 2 was never willing to urge marital relations upon the virgin, and she was never willing to give her acquiescence to the king.: Anon.LiberEliensis I.9

Message-sending (3)

Metal-working (1)

Wilfrid 2.miracle of chains that fell off: Ecgfrith 4 transferred Wilfrid 2 to Dunbar where the reeve (Tydlin 1) required smiths (Anonymi 402) to make shackles for Wilfrid 2, which, however, were either too big or too small.: Stephen.VitWilfridi 38

Miracle (5)

Wilfrid 2.miracle of healing of Eormenburg 1: After Eormenburg 1 was seized by a demon, she was healed once Ecgfrith 4 freed Wilfrid 2 on the advice of Æbbe 2.: Stephen.VitWilfridi 39

Mission/mission-sending (2)

Monastery, violation of (1)

Monastic life, converting to/joining/oblation (5)

Eosterwine 1.entry into a mynster: After being a thegn of King Ecgfrith 4, Eosterwine 1 entered into a mynster.: OEMart 30

Æthelthryth 2.religious habit: Æthelthryth 2 received the veil and a habit of a nun from Wilfrid 2.: Bede.HE iv.19

Ordering (1)

Ecgfrith 4.ordering of consecration of Cuthbert 1 as bishop: Here Ecgfrith 4 ordered that Cuthbert 1 be consecrated as a bishop.: ASC (E) 685 E (685)

Papal advice/audience/decision/privilege (7)

Agatho 2.letter of privilege for Wearmouth: Agatho 2 issued a letter of privilege guaranteeing Wearmouth's perpetual exemption from external interference.: Bede.HistAb 6

Wilfrid 2.appeal to Agatho 2 in a papal synod: Wilfrid 2 presented a documentary appeal to the pope (Agatho 2), which was examined by ecclesiasts in a papal synod.: Stephen.VitWilfridi 29-33

Wilfrid 2.synod to hear papal judgments: After Wilfrid 2 handed the papal decision to Ecgfrith 4, a synod was held after which he was imprisoned for nine months.: Stephen.VitWilfridi 34-35

Pastoral activities/preaching (1)

Peace agreement (3)

Ecgfrith 4.amity with Wilfrid 2: Ecgfrith 4 and Æthelthryth 2 were in amity with Wilfrid 2 in all respects with consequent peace amongst his people and success over foes.: Stephen.VitWilfridi 19

Plundering (4)

Anonymi 1343.plundering of mynster of Ecgfrith 4: [The heathen] plundered Ecgfrith 4's mynster at the mouth of the Don.: ASC (DEF) 794 DE (794)

Beorht 1.war in Ireland: Beorht 1 was sent by Ecgfrith 4 to Ireland where he devastated the race.: Bede.HE iv.26 (684)

Ecgfrith 4.war in the kingdom of Picts: Ecgfrith 4 took an army to ravage the kingdom of the Picts.: Bede.HE iv.26

Ecgfrith 4.war on Irish (Anonymi 1131): Ecgfrith 4 sent his troops (Anonymi 1132) to ravage the Irish (Anonymi 1131).: Alcuin.VersEubor 838-40

Praying (3)

Promise (1)

Prophecy (4)

Cuthbert 1.prophecy on heir of Ecgfrith 4: Ælfflæd 2 asked Cuthbert 1 who was to succeed Ecgfrith 4 as king. He replied that another brother of hers would become king.: Bede.VitCuthbertiMetr 21

Cuthbert 1.prophecy on life of Ecgfrith 4: Being asked by Ælfflæd 2, Cuthbert 1 told her that her brother, Ecgfrith 4, would live twelve more months.: Anon.VitCuthberti iii.6

Raiding (3)

Anonymi 1343.plundering of mynster of Ecgfrith 4: [The heathen] plundered Ecgfrith 4's mynster at the mouth of the Don.: ASC (DEF) 794 DE (794)

Ecgfrith 4.ravaging Picts region: Ecgfrith 4 took an army against the Picts and devastated their kingdoms with cruel and savage ferocity.: Bede.VitCuthbertiPr 27

Relics-collecting/depositing/granting (1)

Religious practice (1)

Request (3)

Cuthbert 1.elevation to episcopacy: Cuthbert 1 was elected to the bishopric of Lindisfarne at the request of Ecgfrith 4 and the bishops of the Saxons and all the council.: Anon.VitCuthberti iv.1

Residence (1)

Restoration to bishopric (2)

Retirement (1)

School-founding (1)

Submission (1)

Ecgfrith 4.military victories: Ecgfrith 4 won military victories and subdued fierce peoples.: Alcuin.VersEubor 751-2

Visit (4)

Biscop 2.return to Northumbria: Biscop 2 returned to Northumbria and visited King Ecgfrith 4: Bede.HistAb 4

Ecgfrith 4-Trumwine 1.leading Cuthbert 1away from Farne Island: Ecgfrith 4, Trumwine 1 and chosen men of Lindisfarne (Anonymi 210) came to him bearing the decision of the council.: Anon.VitCuthberti iv.1

Vowing celibacy/chastity/virginity/poverty (1)

War (10)

Beorht 1.war in Ireland: Beorht 1 was sent by Ecgfrith 4 to Ireland where he devastated the race.: Bede.HE iv.26 (684)

Ecgfrith 4.death: Ecgfrith 4 fell in the war against the Picts.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum iii.103.1

Ecgfrith 4.military victories: Ecgfrith 4 won military victories and subdued fierce peoples.: Alcuin.VersEubor 751-2

Ecgfrith 4.ravaging Picts region: Ecgfrith 4 took an army against the Picts and devastated their kingdoms with cruel and savage ferocity.: Bede.VitCuthbertiPr 27

Ecgfrith 4.waging of victorious wars during his reign: Ecgfrith 4 waged victorious wars during his reign.: Alcuin.VersEubor 836-7

Ecgfrith 4.war against him by Picts (Anonymi 1112): The Picts (Anonymi 1112) waged war on Ecgfrith 4.: Alcuin.VersEubor 841

Ecgfrith 4.war in the kingdom of Picts: Ecgfrith 4 took an army to ravage the kingdom of the Picts.: Bede.HE iv.26

Ecgfrith 4.war on Irish (Anonymi 1131): Ecgfrith 4 sent his troops (Anonymi 1132) to ravage the Irish (Anonymi 1131).: Alcuin.VersEubor 838-40

Writ-issuing/sending (1)

Factoids linked indirectly to Ecgfrith 4 (11)

Authorship (1)

John 17:

Author of letter to Aldfrith 1 and Ecgfrith 4 (Letter): Bede.HE v.19

Office (2)

Ealdorman of Ecgfrith 4 (1)

Beorht 1: ASC (E) 684 E

Queen of Ecgfrith 4 (1)

Æthelthryth 2: Anon.LiberEliensis I.8

Occupation (4)

Army of Ecgfrith 4 (2)

Anonymi 290: Stephen.VitWilfridi 44

Anonymi 1132: Alcuin.VersEubor 838

Soldier of Ecgfrith 4 (1)

Anonymi 2156: AnnalsUlster 686.1

Warrior of Ecgfrith 4 (1)

Anonymi 1113: Alcuin.VersEubor 842

Status (3)

Comes of Ecgfrith 4 (2)

Sibba 1: Anon.VitCuthberti iv.7

Sibba 1: Bede.VitCuthbertiPr 25

Virgin of Ecgfrith 4 (1)

Æthelthryth 2: Anon.LiberEliensis I.9

Event (1)

Accusation (1)

Advice/counsel (3)

Appointment - ecclesiastical (2)

Appointment/consecration/elevation/ordination of abbot (1)

Appointment/consecration/elevation/ordination of bishop (6)

Cuthbert 1.accession to episcopacy at urging of Anonymi 1088 and Ecgfrith 4: Cuthbert 1 became a bishop at the urging of Anonymi 1088 and [Ecgfrith 4].: Alcuin.VersEubor 666-73

Cuthbert 1.elevation to episcopacy: Cuthbert 1 was elected bishop of Lindisfarne in a council presided by Theodore 1 and in the presence of Ecgfrith 4.: Bede.VitCuthbertiPr 24

Cuthbert 1.episcopal consecration: Ecgfrith 4 caused Cuthbert 1 to be consecrated bishop of Lindisfarne.: Bede.HE iv.27

Ecgfrith 4.ordering of consecration of Cuthbert 1 as bishop: Here Ecgfrith 4 ordered that Cuthbert 1 be consecrated as a bishop.: ASC (E) 685 E (685)

Appointment/consecration/elevation/ordination of king (5)

Aldfrith 1.accession to kingdom: Aldfrith 1 acceded to the kingdom after him [sc. Ecgfrith 4].: ASC (E) 685 E (685)

Ecgfrith 4.succession to Oswiu 1: Ecgfrith 4 succeeded after Oswiu 1 [as king of the Northumbrians].: Æthelweard.Chron ii.7 (670)

Ecgfrith 4.succession to his father’s throne: Ecgfrith 4 succeeded his father [sc. Ecgfrith 4] on the throne on the latter's death.: Alcuin.VersEubor 575-6

Oswiu 1.death: King Oswiu 1 died and his son Ecgfrith 4 ruled in his place.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto 3

Appointment/consecration/elevation/ordination of priest (1)

Arrest (1)

Assistance (2)

Baptism (1)

Battle (15)

Ecgfrith 4-Anonymi 1326.killing: Ecgfrith 4 was killed to the north of the Firth of Forth and a great army (Anonymi 1326) with him on 13 kalends of June [= 20 May]: ASC (E) 685 E (685)

Ecgfrith 4-Bruide 1.battle at Dunnichen: Battle of Dunnichen in which the son of Oswiu 1 [sc. Ecgfrith 4] was killed. Bruide 1 was the victor.: AnnalsFragIrel 36.96 (685)

Ecgfrith 4-Æthelred 2.fighting near Trent: Ecgfrith 4 and Æthelred 2 were fighting near the Trent.: ASC (E) 679 E (679)

Ecgfrith 4-Æthelred 2.fighting the Battle of the Trent: King Ecgfrith 4 and King Æthelred 2 fought a grievous battle near the River Trent.: Anon.LiberEliensis I.23

Ecgfrith 4.battle: The battle of Ecgfrith 4 [was] sixty-three years ago.: Annals.NbRegnList 246 (674 - ?)

Ecgfrith 4.death: Ecgfrith 4 was slain by the swords of the Picts and was succeeded by his bastard brother.: Bede.VitCuthbertiPr 24

Ecgfrith 4.death at the hands of Picts: Ecgfrith 4 was slain and all the best of his army (Anonymi 290) overcome by the Picts (Anonymi 291).: Stephen.VitWilfridi 44

Ecgfrith 4.defeat of Wulfhere 1's southern coalition: Ecgfrith 4 defeated Wulfhere 1 and his forces (Anonymi 323).: Stephen.VitWilfridi 20 (670 x 675)

Ecgfrith 4.victory over Picts (Anonymi 321): With Beornhæth 1 Ecgfrith 4 slew and subjected to servitude the Picts (Anonymi 321).: Stephen.VitWilfridi 19

Penda 1-Oswiu 1.battle of River Winwæd: When the battle was joined the heathen were put to flight or destroyed.: Bede.HE iii.24

Ælfwine 4.killing: Here Ælfwine 4 was slain near the Trent where Ecgfrith 4 and Æthelred 2 were fighting.: ASC (E) 679 E (679)

Book circulating/making/reading/translating/writing (1)

Building construction/restoration (1)

Burh - capture (1)

Burial (1)

Ecgfrith 4.burial: And the burial of King Ecgfrith 4.: Anon.HagiogListPhil1869 272 (20 May)

Campaigning (1)

Capture (2)

Wilfrid 2.imprisonment: Wilfrid 2 was imprisoned.: Stephen.VitWilfridi 36

Challenge (1)

Charter-witnessing (2)

S1428a - Theodore 1 decreeing the division of bishoprics: Decree of Archbishop Theodore 1 respecting the division of the bishoprics: S1428a (680)

S66 - Ecgfrith 4 granting land to Cuthbert 1: Ecgfrith 4, king of Northumbria, to Cuthbert 1; grant of land at Crayke, Yorks. N.R., and at Lugubalia (Carlisle): S66 (685)

Church/monastery/minster foundation/dedication/restoration (10)

Biscop 2.foundation of monastery: Biscop 2 built a monastery: Bede.HE iv.18

Biscop 2.founding of Wearmouth: Biscop 2 founded a monastery on the north bank of the Wear: Bede.HistAb 1, 4

Ecgfrith 4.granting land to Biscop 2: land for the founding of the monastery of St Peter: Bede.HE iv.18

Ecgfrith 4.granting land to Ceolfrith 1: fifty hides of land to build a monastery: Anon.VitCeolfrithi 7 (674)

Wilfrid 2.dedication of church at Ripon: Wilfrid 2 and various dignatories dedicated the church at Ripon to St Peter and its altar to the Lord with the people taking part.: Stephen.VitWilfridi 17

Commemoration of saint/calendar-entering (1)

Ecgfrith 4.commemoration on 20 May: 20 May: Calendar-commemoration of King Ecgfrith 4.: Willibrord.Cal 7

Commemoration of the dead (1)

Ecgfrith 4.commemoration on 20 May: 20 May: Calendar-commemoration of King Ecgfrith 4.: Willibrord.Cal 7

Confirmation of land/privileges (1)

Confiscation (1)

Conquest (4)

Ecgfrith 4.defeat of Wulfhere 1: Ecgfrith 4 defeated Wulfhere 1 and conquered the kingdom of Lindsey.: Bede.HE iv.12 (673 x 675)

Ecgfrith 4.extension of kingdom: Ecgfrith 4 extended his kingdom north and south.: Stephen.VitWilfridi 21

Ecgfrith 4.victory over Picts (Anonymi 321): With Beornhæth 1 Ecgfrith 4 slew and subjected to servitude the Picts (Anonymi 321).: Stephen.VitWilfridi 19

Conspiracy/intent to murder (2)

Conversion (2)

Council-meeting, ecclesiastical (6)

Cuthbert 1.elevation to episcopacy: Cuthbert 1 was elected bishop of Lindisfarne in a council presided by Theodore 1 and in the presence of Ecgfrith 4.: Bede.VitCuthbertiPr 24

Wilfrid 2.synod to hear papal judgments: After Wilfrid 2 handed the papal decision to Ecgfrith 4, a synod was held after which he was imprisoned for nine months.: Stephen.VitWilfridi 34-35

Death/dying (10)

Ecgfrith 4-Anonymi 2156.death in the battle of Dunnichen: Battle of Dunnichen in which Ecgfrith 4 was killed with a great body of his soldiers (Anonymi 2156).: AnnalsUlster 686.1 (685)

Ecgfrith 4.death: Ecgfrith 4 fell in the war against the Picts.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum iii.103.1

Ecgfrith 4.death at the hands of Picts: Ecgfrith 4 was slain and all the best of his army (Anonymi 290) overcome by the Picts (Anonymi 291).: Stephen.VitWilfridi 44

Oswiu 1.death: King Oswiu 1 died and his son Ecgfrith 4 ruled in his place.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto 3

Deposition of bishop (3)

Disputing/dispute-settling (2)

Dowering/Morning-gifting (1)

Ecclesiastical reform (1)

Election of bishop (1)

Episcopal see, acquisition/institution/division/merge (2)

S1428a - Theodore 1 decreeing the division of bishoprics: Decree of Archbishop Theodore 1 respecting the division of the bishoprics: S1428a (680)

Exile (3)

Ecgfrith 4.exile in the household of Cynewise 1: Ecgfrith 4 was being held in exile in the household of Cynewise 1.: Anon.LiberEliensis I.7 (655)

Exorcism (1)

Wilfrid 2.miracle of healing of Eormenburg 1: After Eormenburg 1 was seized by a demon, she was healed once Ecgfrith 4 freed Wilfrid 2 on the advice of Æbbe 2.: Stephen.VitWilfridi 39

Expulsion (4)

Wilfrid 2.deposition from bishopric by Ecgfrith 4: Wilfrid 2 was driven from his bishopric by Ecgfrith 4.: ASC 678 ACEG, <678> B, 677 F(OE and Lat.) (678)

Flight (7)

Penda 1-Oswiu 1.battle of River Winwæd: When the battle was joined the heathen were put to flight or destroyed.: Bede.HE iii.24

Freeing captives (1)

Friendship-making (2)

Ecgfrith 4.amity with Wilfrid 2: Ecgfrith 4 and Æthelthryth 2 were in amity with Wilfrid 2 in all respects with consequent peace amongst his people and success over foes.: Stephen.VitWilfridi 19

Governing (1)

Grant and Gift (10)

Ecgfrith 4.granting land to Biscop 2: land for the founding of the monastery of St Peter: Bede.HE iv.18

Ecgfrith 4.granting land to Ceolfrith 1: fifty hides of land to build a monastery: Anon.VitCeolfrithi 7 (674)

Ecgfrith 4.granting land to Cuthbert 1 S66: Ecgfrith 4, king of Northumbrians, to Cuthbert 1; grant of land at Crayke, Yorks. N.R., and at Lugubalia (Carlisle): S66 (685)

Ecgfrith 4.granting lands to Wilfrid 2: Many lands near Ribble and in Yeadon and in the region of Dent and at Catlow and in other places.: Stephen.VitWilfridi 17

Ecgfrith 4.granting gifts to Theodore 1: gifts: Stephen.VitWilfridi 24

S66 - Ecgfrith 4 granting land to Cuthbert 1: Ecgfrith 4, king of Northumbria, to Cuthbert 1; grant of land at Crayke, Yorks. N.R., and at Lugubalia (Carlisle): S66 (685)

Healing (2)

Wilfrid 2.miracle of healing of Eormenburg 1: After Eormenburg 1 was seized by a demon, she was healed once Ecgfrith 4 freed Wilfrid 2 on the advice of Æbbe 2.: Stephen.VitWilfridi 39

Hiding/harbouring/sanctuary (2)

Hostage-giving/taking (1)

Hostility (3)

Illness/demonic seizure/madness (3)

Wilfrid 2.miracle of healing of Eormenburg 1: After Eormenburg 1 was seized by a demon, she was healed once Ecgfrith 4 freed Wilfrid 2 on the advice of Æbbe 2.: Stephen.VitWilfridi 39

Imprisonment (3)

Wilfrid 2.imprisonment: Wilfrid 2 was imprisoned.: Stephen.VitWilfridi 36

Wilfrid 2.synod to hear papal judgments: After Wilfrid 2 handed the papal decision to Ecgfrith 4, a synod was held after which he was imprisoned for nine months.: Stephen.VitWilfridi 34-35

Invasion (1)

Journey (6)

Judicial decision/review (3)

Killing/murder (12)

Ecgfrith 4-Anonymi 1326.killing: Ecgfrith 4 was killed to the north of the Firth of Forth and a great army (Anonymi 1326) with him on 13 kalends of June [= 20 May]: ASC (E) 685 E (685)

Ecgfrith 4-Anonymi 2156.death in the battle of Dunnichen: Battle of Dunnichen in which Ecgfrith 4 was killed with a great body of his soldiers (Anonymi 2156).: AnnalsUlster 686.1 (685)

Ecgfrith 4-Bruide 1.battle at Dunnichen: Battle of Dunnichen in which the son of Oswiu 1 [sc. Ecgfrith 4] was killed. Bruide 1 was the victor.: AnnalsFragIrel 36.96 (685)

Ecgfrith 4.death: Ecgfrith 4 fell by the hostile sword of the Picts.: Æthelwulf.CarmAbb 2

Ecgfrith 4.death at the hands of Picts: Ecgfrith 4 was slain and all the best of his army (Anonymi 290) overcome by the Picts (Anonymi 291).: Stephen.VitWilfridi 44

Ecgfrith 4.killing: In the same year Ecgfrith 4 was slain.: ASC 685 ACG, <685> B (685)

Ælfwine 4.killing: Here Ælfwine 4 was slain near the Trent where Ecgfrith 4 and Æthelred 2 were fighting.: ASC (E) 679 E (679)

Kingdom - accession to (3)

Aldfrith 1.accession to kingdom: Aldfrith 1 acceded to the kingdom after him [sc. Ecgfrith 4].: ASC (E) 685 E (685)

Ecgfrith 4.succession to Oswiu 1: Ecgfrith 4 succeeded after Oswiu 1 [as king of the Northumbrians].: Æthelweard.Chron ii.7 (670)

Oswiu 1.death: King Oswiu 1 died and his son Ecgfrith 4 ruled in his place.: Symeonof Durham.HistoriadeSanctoCuthberto 3

Lust (1)

Marital desertion/separation/repudiation (2)

Marriage (4)

Meeting (2)

Message-sending (3)

Metal-working (1)

Miracle (5)

Wilfrid 2.miracle of healing of Eormenburg 1: After Eormenburg 1 was seized by a demon, she was healed once Ecgfrith 4 freed Wilfrid 2 on the advice of Æbbe 2.: Stephen.VitWilfridi 39

Mission/mission-sending (2)

Monastery, violation of (1)

Monastic life, converting to/joining/oblation (5)

Eosterwine 1.entry into a mynster: After being a thegn of King Ecgfrith 4, Eosterwine 1 entered into a mynster.: OEMart 30

Æthelthryth 2.religious habit: Æthelthryth 2 received the veil and a habit of a nun from Wilfrid 2.: Bede.HE iv.19

Ordering (1)

Ecgfrith 4.ordering of consecration of Cuthbert 1 as bishop: Here Ecgfrith 4 ordered that Cuthbert 1 be consecrated as a bishop.: ASC (E) 685 E (685)

Papal advice/audience/decision/privilege (7)

Agatho 2.letter of privilege for Wearmouth: Agatho 2 issued a letter of privilege guaranteeing Wearmouth's perpetual exemption from external interference.: Bede.HistAb 6

Wilfrid 2.appeal to Agatho 2 in a papal synod: Wilfrid 2 presented a documentary appeal to the pope (Agatho 2), which was examined by ecclesiasts in a papal synod.: Stephen.VitWilfridi 29-33

Wilfrid 2.synod to hear papal judgments: After Wilfrid 2 handed the papal decision to Ecgfrith 4, a synod was held after which he was imprisoned for nine months.: Stephen.VitWilfridi 34-35

Pastoral activities/preaching (1)

Peace agreement (3)

Ecgfrith 4.amity with Wilfrid 2: Ecgfrith 4 and Æthelthryth 2 were in amity with Wilfrid 2 in all respects with consequent peace amongst his people and success over foes.: Stephen.VitWilfridi 19

Plundering (4)

Anonymi 1343.plundering of mynster of Ecgfrith 4: [The heathen] plundered Ecgfrith 4's mynster at the mouth of the Don.: ASC (DEF) 794 DE (794)

Beorht 1.war in Ireland: Beorht 1 was sent by Ecgfrith 4 to Ireland where he devastated the race.: Bede.HE iv.26 (684)

Ecgfrith 4.war in the kingdom of Picts: Ecgfrith 4 took an army to ravage the kingdom of the Picts.: Bede.HE iv.26

Ecgfrith 4.war on Irish (Anonymi 1131): Ecgfrith 4 sent his troops (Anonymi 1132) to ravage the Irish (Anonymi 1131).: Alcuin.VersEubor 838-40

Praying (3)

Promise (1)

Prophecy (4)

Cuthbert 1.prophecy on heir of Ecgfrith 4: Ælfflæd 2 asked Cuthbert 1 who was to succeed Ecgfrith 4 as king. He replied that another brother of hers would become king.: Bede.VitCuthbertiMetr 21

Cuthbert 1.prophecy on life of Ecgfrith 4: Being asked by Ælfflæd 2, Cuthbert 1 told her that her brother, Ecgfrith 4, would live twelve more months.: Anon.VitCuthberti iii.6

Raiding (3)

Anonymi 1343.plundering of mynster of Ecgfrith 4: [The heathen] plundered Ecgfrith 4's mynster at the mouth of the Don.: ASC (DEF) 794 DE (794)

Ecgfrith 4.ravaging Picts region: Ecgfrith 4 took an army against the Picts and devastated their kingdoms with cruel and savage ferocity.: Bede.VitCuthbertiPr 27

Relics-collecting/depositing/granting (1)

Religious practice (1)

Request (3)

Cuthbert 1.elevation to episcopacy: Cuthbert 1 was elected to the bishopric of Lindisfarne at the request of Ecgfrith 4 and the bishops of the Saxons and all the council.: Anon.VitCuthberti iv.1

Residence (1)

Restoration to bishopric (2)

Ecgfrith 4 (Male) King of the Northumbrians, 670-685 l vii-l viii

Factoid List

Ecgfrith 4 (Male) King of the Northumbrians, 670-685
l vii-l viii