Stigand 1 (Male)
Archbishop of Canterbury, d.1072
m xi-e xi
Factoid List
Recorded Name (433)
-
S (18)
-
GDB 146v (Buckinghamshire 12:21)
GDB 146v (Buckinghamshire 12:23)
GDB 146v (Buckinghamshire 12:20)
GDB 144 (Buckinghamshire 4:3)
GDB 144 (Buckinghamshire 4:15)
GDB 144v (Buckinghamshire 4:17)
GDB 146 (Buckinghamshire 12:5)
GDB 190 (Cambridgeshire 2:4)
GDB 133v (Hertfordshire 4:11)
GDB 134v (Hertfordshire 5:14)
GDB 134v (Hertfordshire 5:14)
GDB 134v (Hertfordshire 5:14)
GDB 134v (Hertfordshire 5:12)
GDB 134v (Hertfordshire 5:13)
GDB 134v (Hertfordshire 5:15)
GDB 134v (Hertfordshire 5:16)
LDB 141v (Norfolk 1:239)
LDB 141 (Norfolk 1:239)
STIGANDUS (1)
-
S1021
Stiagndus (1)
-
LDB 189v (Norfolk 9:218)
Stig (1)
-
LDB 380v (Suffolk 19:16)
Stigand (63)
-
S1014
S1017
S1038
S1057
S1089
S1093
S1094
S1095
S1074
S1109
S1129
S1137
S1153
S1154
S1402
S1403
S1477
S1519
S1531
S1110
S1470
S1471
S1476
S1478
GDB 216 (Bedfordshire 39:1)
GDB 148v (Buckinghamshire 17:3)
GDB 148v (Buckinghamshire 17:4)
GDB 151 (Buckinghamshire 29:1)
GDB 143v (Buckinghamshire 3:1)
GDB 200 (Cambridgeshire 31:7)
GDB 200 (Cambridgeshire 32:8)
GDB 200 (Cambridgeshire 32:8)
GDB 200 (Cambridgeshire 32:8)
GDB 198 (Cambridgeshire 26:23)
GDB 198v (Cambridgeshire 26:41)
GDB 199 (Cambridgeshire 28:2)
GDB 199 (Cambridgeshire 28:2)
GDB 80 (Dorset 28:2)
GDB 164v (Gloucestershire 2:9)
GDB 164v (Gloucestershire 2:5)
GDB 166v (Gloucestershire 31:6)
GDB 41v (Hampshire 3:15)
GDB 138 (Hertfordshire 23:2)
GDB 132v (Hertfordshire 1:10)
GDB 138 (Hertfordshire 23:1)
GDB 141v (Hertfordshire 37:10)
GDB 135v (Hertfordshire 10:11)
GDB 138 (Hertfordshire 23:3)
GDB 138 (Hertfordshire 23:3)
GDB 135v (Hertfordshire 10:10)
GDB 130v (Middlesex 18:1)
LDB 158 (Norfolk 8:8)
LDB 271 (Norfolk 61:1)
LDB 176v (Norfolk 9:44)
LDB 185v (Norfolk 9:161)
LDB 176v (Norfolk 9:43)
LDB 251v (Norfolk 31:32)
GDB 223 (Northamptonshire 18:32)
GDB 157 (Oxfordshire 15:2)
GDB 155 (Oxfordshire 3:1)
GDB 87v (Somerset 2:10)
GDB 87v (Somerset 2:12)
LDB 323v (Suffolk 6:225)
Stigande (3)
-
S1088
S1092
S1468
Stigandi (2)
-
GDB 133v (Hertfordshire 4:6)
GDB 133v (Hertfordshire 4:4)
Stigandu (1)
-
LDB 295v (Suffolk 3:79)
Stigandus (330)
-
S1060
S1060
S1059
S1015
S1018
S1019
S1020
S1022
S1023
S1024
S1025
S1026
S1027
S1028
S1029
S1030
S1031
S1033
S1036
S1037a
S1041
S1040
S1042
S1043
S1053
S1058
S1062
S1108
S1479
S1238
Bates138
Bates181
Bates249
Bates254
Bates286
GDB 217 (Bedfordshire 51:2)
GDB 217 (Bedfordshire 51:3)
GDB 216 (Bedfordshire 39:3)
GDB 217 (Bedfordshire 51:1)
GDB 58 (Berkshire 2:3)
GDB 58 (Berkshire 2:2)
GDB 151 (Buckinghamshire 33:1)
GDB 190 (Cambridgeshire 2:3)
GDB 200v (Cambridgeshire 32:13)
GDB 201 (Cambridgeshire 32:23)
GDB 200v (Cambridgeshire 32:14)
GDB 202v (Cambridgeshire 44:1)
GDB 198 (Cambridgeshire 26:21)
GDB 196 (Cambridgeshire 15:2)
GDB 200v (Cambridgeshire 32:10)
GDB 200v (Cambridgeshire 32:21)
GDB 198v (Cambridgeshire 26:26)
GDB 164v (Gloucestershire 2:3)
GDB 164v (Gloucestershire 2:1)
GDB 164v (Gloucestershire 2:2)
GDB 169 (Gloucestershire 56:2)
GDB 167v (Gloucestershire 39:11)
GDB 40v (Hampshire 2:16)
GDB 38 (Hampshire 1:16)
GDB 40v (Hampshire 2:18)
GDB 43v (Hampshire 14:6)
GDB 134 (Hertfordshire 5:8)
GDB 134v (Hertfordshire 5:18)
GDB 140v (Hertfordshire 34:14)
GDB 135 (Hertfordshire 7:3)
GDB 142 (Hertfordshire 41:2)
GDB 141v (Hertfordshire 37:5)
GDB 142v (Hertfordshire 43:1)
GDB 142v (Hertfordshire 43:1)
GDB 134v (Hertfordshire 5:23)
GDB 135 (Hertfordshire 7:2)
GDB 135 (Hertfordshire 7:2)
GDB 141v (Hertfordshire 37:3)
GDB 137 (Hertfordshire 16:8)
GDB 134v (Hertfordshire 5:19)
GDB 134v (Hertfordshire 5:21)
GDB 142 (Hertfordshire 38:2)
GDB 134v (Hertfordshire 5:10)
GDB 133v (Hertfordshire 4:17)
GDB 141v (Hertfordshire 37:6)
GDB 134v (Hertfordshire 5:17)
GDB 142 (Hertfordshire 41:1)
GDB 133 (Hertfordshire 2:5)
GDB 133 (Hertfordshire 2:3)
GDB 142v (Hertfordshire 42a:1)
GDB 142v (Hertfordshire 42a:1)
GDB 137 (Hertfordshire 17:5)
GDB 141v (Hertfordshire 37:16)
GDB 134v (Hertfordshire 5:26)
GDB 135 (Hertfordshire 7:4)
GDB 1v (Kent M:14)
GDB 127 (Middlesex 2:1)
LDB 230 (Norfolk 20:36)
LDB 230 (Norfolk 20:36)
LDB 173v (Norfolk 9:7)
LDB 151v (Norfolk 5:6)
LDB 256 (Norfolk 34:1)
LDB 227v (Norfolk 20:12)
LDB 227v (Norfolk 20:12)
LDB 186 (Norfolk 9:168)
LDB 130v (Norfolk 1:182)
LDB 140v (Norfolk 1:235)
LDB 229v (Norfolk 20:31)
LDB 263v (Norfolk 43:2)
LDB 225v (Norfolk 20:1)
LDB 143 (Norfolk 2:5)
LDB 176 (Norfolk 9:32)
LDB 175 (Norfolk 9:28)
LDB 224v (Norfolk 19:31)
LDB 121 (Norfolk 1:81)
LDB 159v (Norfolk 8:14)
LDB 177 (Norfolk 9:56)
LDB 188v (Norfolk 9:199)
LDB 244 (Norfolk 26:4)
LDB 189 (Norfolk 9:201)
LDB 143v (Norfolk 2:12)
LDB 150v (Norfolk 4:55)
LDB 243v (Norfolk 26:2)
LDB 136v (Norfolk 1:211)
LDB 246 (Norfolk 29:6)
LDB 278v (Norfolk 66:87)
LDB 139v (Norfolk 1:228)
LDB 139v (Norfolk 1:228)
LDB 143 (Norfolk 2:5)
LDB 245v (Norfolk 29:5)
LDB 138v (Norfolk 1:219)
LDB 138v (Norfolk 1:219)
LDB 227 (Norfolk 20:9)
LDB 248v (Norfolk 31:5)
LDB 274v (Norfolk 66:20)
LDB 136 (Norfolk 1:210)
LDB 277 (Norfolk 66:71)
LDB 173v (Norfolk 9:6)
LDB 173v (Norfolk 9:6)
LDB 143v (Norfolk 2:14)
LDB 188v (Norfolk 9:200)
LDB 202 (Norfolk 11:5)
LDB 180v (Norfolk 9:98)
LDB 143 (Norfolk 2:7)
LDB 163v (Norfolk 8:49)
LDB 152v (Norfolk 6:6)
LDB 152v (Norfolk 6:6)
LDB 274v (Norfolk 66:23)
LDB 274v (Norfolk 66:22)
LDB 116 (Norfolk 1:60)
LDB 176v (Norfolk 9:47)
LDB 202v (Norfolk 12:1)
LDB 222v (Norfolk 19:9)
LDB 142 (Norfolk 2:2)
LDB 190 (Norfolk 9:228)
LDB 190 (Norfolk 9:228)
LDB 260 (Norfolk 35:17)
LDB 181v (Norfolk 9:103)
LDB 250v (Norfolk 31:18)
LDB 243v (Norfolk 26:2)
LDB 250 (Norfolk 31:16)
LDB 210v (Norfolk 14:20)
LDB 142 (Norfolk 2:3)
LDB 190 (Norfolk 9:229)
LDB 205 (Norfolk 12:42)
LDB 152v (Norfolk 6:4)
LDB 120v (Norfolk 1:77)
LDB 140 (Norfolk 1:231)
LDB 123v (Norfolk 1:105)
LDB 135v (Norfolk 1:209)
LDB 197v (Norfolk 10:51)
LDB 259 (Norfolk 35:7)
LDB 266v (Norfolk 50:4)
LDB 256v (Norfolk 34:4)
LDB 207 (Norfolk 13:13)
LDB 238 (Norfolk 23:10)
LDB 238 (Norfolk 23:10)
LDB 165v (Norfolk 8:65)
LDB 188v (Norfolk 9:198)
LDB 127 (Norfolk 1:142)
LDB 120v (Norfolk 1:77)
LDB 175v (Norfolk 9:29)
LDB 153 (Norfolk 6:7)
LDB 140v (Norfolk 1:236)
LDB 259 (Norfolk 35:6)
LDB 276 (Norfolk 66:55)
LDB 230 (Norfolk 20:35)
LDB 136 (Norfolk 1:210)
LDB 162 (Norfolk 8:38)
LDB 222 (Norfolk 19:6)
LDB 136v (Norfolk 1:212)
LDB 144v (Norfolk 4:8)
LDB 197v (Norfolk 10:50)
LDB 227v (Norfolk 20:11)
LDB 227v (Norfolk 20:11)
LDB 229v (Norfolk 20:34)
LDB 176v (Norfolk 9:49)
LDB 259v (Norfolk 35:9)
LDB 188 (Norfolk 9:191)
LDB 151v (Norfolk 5:5)
LDB 125 (Norfolk 1:123)
LDB 191v (Norfolk 10:5)
LDB 116 (Norfolk 1:61)
LDB 117v (Norfolk 1:62)
LDB 234v (Norfolk 21:37)
LDB 116v (Norfolk 1:61)
LDB 116v (Norfolk 1:61)
LDB 177v (Norfolk 9:63)
LDB 195 (Norfolk 10:29)
LDB 199 (Norfolk 10:69)
LDB 184 (Norfolk 9:139)
LDB 139 (Norfolk 1:222)
LDB 173v (Norfolk 9:8)
LDB 121 (Norfolk 1:78)
LDB 120v (Norfolk 1:78)
LDB 259 (Norfolk 35:4)
LDB 217 (Norfolk 17:18)
LDB 247 (Norfolk 30:4)
LDB 159 (Norfolk 8:12)
LDB 140 (Norfolk 1:230)
LDB 186 (Norfolk 9:169)
LDB 152v (Norfolk 6:5)
LDB 186v (Norfolk 9:169)
LDB 186v (Norfolk 9:171)
LDB 259v (Norfolk 35:13)
LDB 176v (Norfolk 9:46)
LDB 143 (Norfolk 2:8)
LDB 174v (Norfolk 9:24)
LDB 170v (Norfolk 8:120)
LDB 142 (Norfolk 2:4)
LDB 163v (Norfolk 8:48)
LDB 163v (Norfolk 8:48)
LDB 138 (Norfolk 1:217)
LDB 138 (Norfolk 1:217)
LDB 243v (Norfolk 26:3)
LDB 166 (Norfolk 8:70)
LDB 144v (Norfolk 4:8)
LDB 197v (Norfolk 10:52)
LDB 143 (Norfolk 2:5)
LDB 139 (Norfolk 1:223)
LDB 186 (Norfolk 9:167)
LDB 210v (Norfolk 14:21)
LDB 263v (Norfolk 43:3)
LDB 265 (Norfolk 48:3)
LDB 258v (Norfolk 35:3)
LDB 264v (Norfolk 48:3)
LDB 175 (Norfolk 9:26)
LDB 232v (Norfolk 21:19)
LDB 265 (Norfolk 48:4)
LDB 141 (Norfolk 1:237)
LDB 190 (Norfolk 9:224)
LDB 202 (Norfolk 11:4)
LDB 225v (Norfolk 19:39)
LDB 262v (Norfolk 40:1)
LDB 201v (Norfolk 10a:1)
LDB 181 (Norfolk 9:99)
LDB 181 (Norfolk 9:99)
LDB 136 (Norfolk 1:210)
LDB 136 (Norfolk 1:210)
LDB 118v (Norfolk 1:69)
LDB 118v (Norfolk 1:69)
LDB 118v (Norfolk 1:69)
LDB 118v (Norfolk 1:69)
LDB 118v (Norfolk 1:69)
LDB 171 (Norfolk 8:122)
LDB 137v (Norfolk 1:216)
LDB 230 (Norfolk 20:36)
LDB 266 (Norfolk 49:8)
LDB 177v (Norfolk 9:64)
LDB 141 (Norfolk 1:238)
LDB 145v (Norfolk 4:14)
LDB 124v (Norfolk 1:121)
LDB 136 (Norfolk 1:210)
LDB 254 (Norfolk 32:2)
LDB 143 (Norfolk 2:6)
LDB 121 (Norfolk 1:79)
LDB 165 (Norfolk 8:64)
LDB 136 (Norfolk 1:210)
LDB 221v (Norfolk 18:1)
LDB 252v (Norfolk 31:39)
LDB 143v (Norfolk 2:10)
LDB 175v (Norfolk 9:31)
LDB 187 (Norfolk 9:178)
LDB 152v (Norfolk 6:5)
LDB 228v (Norfolk 20:24)
LDB 137v (Norfolk 1:215)
LDB 186 (Norfolk 9:165)
GDB 159 (Oxfordshire 29:16)
GDB 87v (Somerset 2:1)
LDB 289 (Suffolk 1:117)
LDB 322v (Suffolk 6:221)
LDB 310v (Suffolk 6:76)
LDB 310v (Suffolk 6:77)
LDB 447v (Suffolk 75:5)
LDB 289 (Suffolk 1:119)
LDB 289v (Suffolk 1:119)
LDB 339 (Suffolk 7:75)
LDB 339 (Suffolk 7:75)
LDB 288v (Suffolk 1:111)
LDB 445 (Suffolk 69:1)
LDB 377 (Suffolk 16:35)
LDB 412v (Suffolk 32:20)
LDB 331 (Suffolk 7:4)
LDB 331 (Suffolk 7:4)
LDB 331 (Suffolk 7:4)
LDB 331 (Suffolk 7:4)
LDB 427v (Suffolk 42:1)
LDB 381 (Suffolk 19:21)
LDB 380v (Suffolk 19:17)
LDB 434v (Suffolk 53:5)
LDB 434v (Suffolk 53:5)
LDB 434v (Suffolk 53:5)
LDB 289 (Suffolk 1:118)
LDB 438 (Suffolk 64:3)
LDB 289 (Suffolk 1:116)
LDB 288v (Suffolk 1:115)
LDB 288v (Suffolk 1:115)
LDB 372v (Suffolk 15:1)
LDB 423 (Suffolk 38:16)
LDB 450 (Suffolk 77:1)
LDB 450 (Suffolk 77:1)
LDB 337 (Suffolk 7:60)
LDB 350 (Suffolk 8:47)
LDB 336 (Suffolk 7:51)
LDB 349v (Suffolk 8:44)
LDB 323 (Suffolk 6:222)
LDB 412 (Suffolk 32:16)
LDB 288v (Suffolk 1:112)
LDB 321v (Suffolk 6:213)
LDB 322v (Suffolk 6:220)
LDB 379v (Suffolk 19:1)
LDB 323 (Suffolk 6:223)
LDB 426 (Suffolk 40:6)
LDB 322v (Suffolk 6:219)
GDB 30 (Surrey 1:1b)
Stigangus (1)
-
LDB 438 (Suffolk 62:7)
Stigant (2)
-
S1136
S1234
Stingand (1)
-
LDB 288 (Suffolk 1:110)
Stingandus (5)
-
LDB 288 (Suffolk 1:107)
LDB 288 (Suffolk 1:107)
LDB 288 (Suffolk 1:110)
LDB 288 (Suffolk 1:110)
LDB 288 (Suffolk 1:108)
archiepiscopus (1)
-
S1034
stigandus (3)
-
GDB 193v (Cambridgeshire 13:8)
GDB 193v (Cambridgeshire 13:10)
GDB 193v (Cambridgeshire 13:9)
- Personal Information (4)
-
physical (1)
-
WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum i.23.1-2 (Stigand 1 never put a limit to his greed. He openly trafficked in bishoprics and abbacies, and only stopped wanting when there was no more to want.)
psychological (1)
-
WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum i.23.1 (was liable to steal)
reputation (2)
-
WilliamofPoitiers.GestaGuillelmi II.28 (Stigand 1, outstanding for his wealth and dignity, was equally powerful in the counsels of the English.)
WilliamofPoitiers.GestaGuillelmi II.33 (Stigand 1 exercised very great authority over the English.)
- Office (759)
-
Archbishop (595)
-
S787
Anon.EpisList4 (archbishop of the city of Canterbury)
ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 CE 1052
ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 E 1058
ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 E 1061
ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 D 1066
Bayeux Tapestry
WilliamofPoitiers.GestaGuillelmi II.12
WilliamofPoitiers.GestaGuillelmi II.28
WilliamofPoitiers.GestaGuillelmi II.33
WilliamofPoitiers.GestaGuillelmi II:38
S1060 (archbishop of the church of the people of Kent)
S1059
S1026
S1027 (archbishop of Christ's Church)
S1028 (metropolitan archbishop of Christ Church and also of the church of the people of Winchester)
S1029
S1030
S1031
S1033
S1034
S1036 (archbishop of the people of Canterbury)
S1037a
S1038
Anon.VitaEdwardiRegis I.3
S1041 (metropolitan bishop of the church of the people of Kent)
S1040
S1042
S1043
S1062
Anon.VitaEdwardiRegis II.11
S1088
S1089
S1092
S1093
S1094
S1095
S1109
S1129
S1154
S1234
S1477
S1519
WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum i.23.1
S1110
S1479
S1238
S1478
Bates138
Bates181
Bates254
Bates286
GDB 217 (Bedfordshire 51:2) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 211v (Bedfordshire 16:5)
GDB 216 (Bedfordshire 39:1) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 217 (Bedfordshire 51:3) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 216 (Bedfordshire 39:3) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 217 (Bedfordshire 51:1) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 58 (Berkshire 2:3) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 58 (Berkshire 2:2) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 146v (Buckinghamshire 12:21)
GDB 148v (Buckinghamshire 17:3)
GDB 148v (Buckinghamshire 17:4)
GDB 146v (Buckinghamshire 12:23)
GDB 151 (Buckinghamshire 29:1)
GDB 146v (Buckinghamshire 12:20)
GDB 144 (Buckinghamshire 4:3)
GDB 143v (Buckinghamshire 2:3) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 151 (Buckinghamshire 33:1)
GDB 144 (Buckinghamshire 4:15)
GDB 144v (Buckinghamshire 4:17)
GDB 146 (Buckinghamshire 12:5)
GDB 190 (Cambridgeshire 2:3)
GDB 200v (Cambridgeshire 32:13)
GDB 190 (Cambridgeshire 2:4) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 201 (Cambridgeshire 32:23)
GDB 200v (Cambridgeshire 32:14)
GDB 202v (Cambridgeshire 44:1)
GDB 198 (Cambridgeshire 26:21)
GDB 196 (Cambridgeshire 15:2) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 200v (Cambridgeshire 32:10)
GDB 200 (Cambridgeshire 31:7)
GDB 200 (Cambridgeshire 32:8)
GDB 200 (Cambridgeshire 32:8)
GDB 200 (Cambridgeshire 32:8)
GDB 200v (Cambridgeshire 32:21)
GDB 198 (Cambridgeshire 26:23)
GDB 198v (Cambridgeshire 26:41)
GDB 193v (Cambridgeshire 13:8)
GDB 199 (Cambridgeshire 28:2) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 199 (Cambridgeshire 28:2)
GDB 198v (Cambridgeshire 26:26)
GDB 193v (Cambridgeshire 13:10)
GDB 193v (Cambridgeshire 13:9)
GDB 80 (Dorset 28:2) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
LDB 8 (Essex 2:2) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
LDB 8 (Essex 2:1) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
LDB 8 (Essex 2:5) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
LDB 8 (Essex 2:4) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
LDB 8v (Essex 2:9) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
LDB 8v (Essex 2:7) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
LDB 8v (Essex 2:8) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
LDB 8 (Essex 2:6) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
LDB 8 (Essex 2:3) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 164v (Gloucestershire 2:3) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 164v (Gloucestershire 2:1) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 164v (Gloucestershire 2:9) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 164v (Gloucestershire 2:2) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 169 (Gloucestershire 56:2) (Archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 164v (Gloucestershire 2:5) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 166v (Gloucestershire 31:6) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 167v (Gloucestershire 39:11) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 40v (Hampshire 2:16) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 38 (Hampshire 1:16) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 40v (Hampshire 2:18) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 43v (Hampshire 14:6) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 133v (Hertfordshire 4:11)
GDB 134 (Hertfordshire 5:8)
GDB 134v (Hertfordshire 5:18)
GDB 140v (Hertfordshire 34:14)
GDB 135 (Hertfordshire 7:3)
GDB 142 (Hertfordshire 41:2)
GDB 141v (Hertfordshire 37:5)
GDB 142v (Hertfordshire 43:1)
GDB 142v (Hertfordshire 43:1)
GDB 134v (Hertfordshire 5:23)
GDB 135 (Hertfordshire 7:2)
GDB 135 (Hertfordshire 7:2)
GDB 138 (Hertfordshire 23:2)
GDB 134v (Hertfordshire 5:14)
GDB 134v (Hertfordshire 5:14)
GDB 134v (Hertfordshire 5:14)
GDB 141v (Hertfordshire 37:3)
GDB 132v (Hertfordshire 1:10)
GDB 138 (Hertfordshire 23:1)
GDB 137 (Hertfordshire 16:8)
GDB 134v (Hertfordshire 5:19)
GDB 141v (Hertfordshire 37:10)
GDB 134v (Hertfordshire 5:21)
GDB 142 (Hertfordshire 38:2)
GDB 134v (Hertfordshire 5:10)
GDB 134v (Hertfordshire 5:12)
GDB 133v (Hertfordshire 4:6)
GDB 134v (Hertfordshire 5:13)
GDB 133v (Hertfordshire 4:17)
GDB 135v (Hertfordshire 10:11)
GDB 134v (Hertfordshire 5:15)
GDB 141v (Hertfordshire 37:6)
GDB 138 (Hertfordshire 23:3)
GDB 138 (Hertfordshire 23:3) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 134v (Hertfordshire 5:17)
GDB 135v (Hertfordshire 10:10)
GDB 134v (Hertfordshire 5:16)
GDB 142 (Hertfordshire 41:1)
GDB 133 (Hertfordshire 2:5)
GDB 133 (Hertfordshire 2:3) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 142v (Hertfordshire 42a:1)
GDB 142v (Hertfordshire 42a:1)
GDB 137 (Hertfordshire 17:5)
GDB 141v (Hertfordshire 37:16)
GDB 134v (Hertfordshire 5:26)
GDB 135 (Hertfordshire 7:4)
GDB 133v (Hertfordshire 4:4)
GDB 5 (Kent 3:22) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 5 (Kent 3:22) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 5 (Kent 3:18) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 4 (Kent 2:23) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 4v (Kent 2:42) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 3 (Kent 2:6) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 3v (Kent 2:17) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 5 (Kent 3:20) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 4 (Kent 2:33) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 3v (Kent 2:18) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 4 (Kent 2:31) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral)?)
GDB 5 (Kent 3:21) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 4v (Kent 2:38) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 3v (Kent 2:19) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 5 (Kent 3:12) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 4v (Kent 3:6) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 3 (Kent 2:7) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 3 (Kent 2:3) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 1v (Kent M:14)
GDB 4v (Kent 3:5) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral)?)
GDB 4v (Kent 2:36) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 4v (Kent 3:2) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral)?)
GDB 3 (Kent 2:8) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 5 (Kent 3:17) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 4 (Kent 2:29) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 4 (Kent 2:28) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 4v (Kent 2:39) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 3v (Kent 2:12) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 5 (Kent 3:13) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 4 (Kent 2:35) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 5 (Kent 3:14) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 4v (Kent 3:3) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 5 (Kent 3:8) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 4 (Kent 2:34) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 5 (Kent 3:15) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 4 (Kent 2:26) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 3 (Kent 2:11) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 4v (Kent 3:4) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral)?)
GDB 3v (Kent 2:22) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 4v (Kent 3:7) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral)?)
GDB 4 (Kent 2:27) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 3 (Kent 2:9) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 5 (Kent 3:9) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 4 (Kent 2:30) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 4v (Kent 3:1) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral)?)
GDB 3 (Kent 2:4) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 3v (Kent 2:15) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 3v (Kent 2:20) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 3v (Kent 2:13) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 4 (Kent 2:25) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 4 (Kent 2:25) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 7 (Kent 5:38) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 5 (Kent 3:23) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 5 (Kent 3:10) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 4v (Kent 2:37) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 5 (Kent 3:11) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral)?)
GDB 4 (Kent 2:24) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 4v (Kent 2:39) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 4v (Kent 2:40) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 4 (Kent 2:32) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 5 (Kent 3:19) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 3v (Kent 2:16) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 5 (Kent 3:16) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 3v (Kent 2:14) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 3v (Kent 2:21) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 3 (Kent 2:10) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 130v (Middlesex 18:1)
GDB 127 (Middlesex 2:1)
LDB 138v (Norfolk 1:221)
LDB 138v (Norfolk 1:221)
LDB 230 (Norfolk 20:36)
LDB 230 (Norfolk 20:36)
LDB 173v (Norfolk 9:7)
LDB 138 (Norfolk 1:218)
LDB 138v (Norfolk 1:218)
LDB 177v (Norfolk 9:65)
LDB 151v (Norfolk 5:6)
LDB 256 (Norfolk 34:1)
LDB 227v (Norfolk 20:12)
LDB 227v (Norfolk 20:12)
LDB 186 (Norfolk 9:168)
LDB 130v (Norfolk 1:182)
LDB 140v (Norfolk 1:235)
LDB 229v (Norfolk 20:31)
LDB 263v (Norfolk 43:2)
LDB 225v (Norfolk 20:1)
LDB 143 (Norfolk 2:5)
LDB 176 (Norfolk 9:32)
LDB 175 (Norfolk 9:28)
LDB 224v (Norfolk 19:31)
LDB 139 (Norfolk 1:226)
LDB 139 (Norfolk 1:226)
LDB 121 (Norfolk 1:81)
LDB 159v (Norfolk 8:14)
LDB 177v (Norfolk 9:66)
LDB 142v (Norfolk 2:4)
LDB 142v (Norfolk 2:4)
LDB 142v (Norfolk 2:4)
LDB 142v (Norfolk 2:4)
LDB 140v (Norfolk 1:233)
LDB 177 (Norfolk 9:56)
LDB 188v (Norfolk 9:199)
LDB 188v (Norfolk 9:199)
LDB 158 (Norfolk 8:8)
LDB 244 (Norfolk 26:4)
LDB 189 (Norfolk 9:201)
LDB 143v (Norfolk 2:12)
LDB 150v (Norfolk 4:55)
LDB 243v (Norfolk 26:2)
LDB 136v (Norfolk 1:211)
LDB 136v (Norfolk 1:211)
LDB 246 (Norfolk 29:6)
LDB 138v (Norfolk 1:220)
LDB 138v (Norfolk 1:220)
LDB 278v (Norfolk 66:87)
LDB 139v (Norfolk 1:228)
LDB 139v (Norfolk 1:228)
LDB 143 (Norfolk 2:5)
LDB 245v (Norfolk 29:5)
LDB 137 (Norfolk 1:212)
LDB 137 (Norfolk 1:212)
LDB 138v (Norfolk 1:219)
LDB 138v (Norfolk 1:219)
LDB 227 (Norfolk 20:9)
LDB 248v (Norfolk 31:5)
LDB 274v (Norfolk 66:20)
LDB 141v (Norfolk 1:239)
LDB 141v (Norfolk 1:239)
LDB 136 (Norfolk 1:210)
LDB 277 (Norfolk 66:71)
LDB 142v (Norfolk 2:4)
LDB 173v (Norfolk 9:6)
LDB 173v (Norfolk 9:6)
LDB 143v (Norfolk 2:14)
LDB 188v (Norfolk 9:200)
LDB 202 (Norfolk 11:5)
LDB 180v (Norfolk 9:98)
LDB 143 (Norfolk 2:7)
LDB 163v (Norfolk 8:49)
LDB 152v (Norfolk 6:6)
LDB 152v (Norfolk 6:6)
LDB 197v (Norfolk 10:53)
LDB 274v (Norfolk 66:23)
LDB 142 (Norfolk 2:1)
LDB 142 (Norfolk 2:1)
LDB 274v (Norfolk 66:22)
LDB 116 (Norfolk 1:60)
LDB 141v (Norfolk 1:239)
LDB 141v (Norfolk 1:239)
LDB 141v (Norfolk 1:239)
LDB 141v (Norfolk 1:239)
LDB 141v (Norfolk 1:239)
LDB 176v (Norfolk 9:47)
LDB 202v (Norfolk 12:1)
LDB 222v (Norfolk 19:9)
LDB 142 (Norfolk 2:2)
LDB 142 (Norfolk 2:2)
LDB 141 (Norfolk 1:238)
LDB 190 (Norfolk 9:228)
LDB 190 (Norfolk 9:228)
LDB 260 (Norfolk 35:17)
LDB 181v (Norfolk 9:103)
LDB 250v (Norfolk 31:18)
LDB 243v (Norfolk 26:2)
LDB 250 (Norfolk 31:16)
LDB 189v (Norfolk 9:218)
LDB 210v (Norfolk 14:20)
LDB 142 (Norfolk 2:3)
LDB 142 (Norfolk 2:3)
LDB 190 (Norfolk 9:229)
LDB 205 (Norfolk 12:42)
LDB 152v (Norfolk 6:4)
LDB 271 (Norfolk 61:1)
LDB 271 (Norfolk 61:1)
LDB 136 (Norfolk 1:210)
LDB 120v (Norfolk 1:77)
LDB 140 (Norfolk 1:231)
LDB 140v (Norfolk 1:231)
LDB 123v (Norfolk 1:105)
LDB 197v (Norfolk 10:51)
LDB 141v (Norfolk 1:239)
LDB 141v (Norfolk 1:239)
LDB 259 (Norfolk 35:7)
LDB 266v (Norfolk 50:4)
LDB 256v (Norfolk 34:4)
LDB 207 (Norfolk 13:13)
LDB 238 (Norfolk 23:10)
LDB 238 (Norfolk 23:10)
LDB 165v (Norfolk 8:65)
LDB 188v (Norfolk 9:198)
LDB 127 (Norfolk 1:142)
LDB 120v (Norfolk 1:77)
LDB 175v (Norfolk 9:29)
LDB 153 (Norfolk 6:7)
LDB 137 (Norfolk 1:214)
LDB 140v (Norfolk 1:236)
LDB 140v (Norfolk 1:236)
LDB 137 (Norfolk 1:212)
LDB 137 (Norfolk 1:212)
LDB 259 (Norfolk 35:6)
LDB 276 (Norfolk 66:55)
LDB 230 (Norfolk 20:35)
LDB 136 (Norfolk 1:210)
LDB 162 (Norfolk 8:38)
LDB 136v (Norfolk 1:210)
LDB 222 (Norfolk 19:6)
LDB 136v (Norfolk 1:212)
LDB 136v (Norfolk 1:212)
LDB 136v (Norfolk 1:212)
LDB 136v (Norfolk 1:212)
LDB 136v (Norfolk 1:212)
LDB 136v (Norfolk 1:212)
LDB 144v (Norfolk 4:8)
LDB 197v (Norfolk 10:50)
LDB 227v (Norfolk 20:11)
LDB 227v (Norfolk 20:11)
LDB 229v (Norfolk 20:34)
LDB 140 (Norfolk 1:229)
LDB 176v (Norfolk 9:49)
LDB 177v (Norfolk 9:67)
LDB 259v (Norfolk 35:9)
LDB 188 (Norfolk 9:191)
LDB 151v (Norfolk 5:5)
LDB 125 (Norfolk 1:123)
LDB 191v (Norfolk 10:5)
LDB 116 (Norfolk 1:61)
LDB 117v (Norfolk 1:62)
LDB 234v (Norfolk 21:37)
LDB 116v (Norfolk 1:61)
LDB 116v (Norfolk 1:61)
LDB 177v (Norfolk 9:63)
LDB 177v (Norfolk 9:63)
LDB 195 (Norfolk 10:29)
LDB 199 (Norfolk 10:69)
LDB 141v (Norfolk 1:240)
LDB 141v (Norfolk 1:240)
LDB 139 (Norfolk 1:222)
LDB 139v (Norfolk 1:227)
LDB 173v (Norfolk 9:8)
LDB 173v (Norfolk 9:8)
LDB 173v (Norfolk 9:8)
LDB 173v (Norfolk 9:8)
LDB 176v (Norfolk 9:44)
LDB 185v (Norfolk 9:161)
LDB 121 (Norfolk 1:78)
LDB 120v (Norfolk 1:78)
LDB 142v (Norfolk 2:4)
LDB 142v (Norfolk 2:4)
LDB 139 (Norfolk 1:224)
LDB 259 (Norfolk 35:4)
LDB 217 (Norfolk 17:18)
LDB 247 (Norfolk 30:4)
LDB 159 (Norfolk 8:12)
LDB 140 (Norfolk 1:230)
LDB 186 (Norfolk 9:169)
LDB 152v (Norfolk 6:5)
LDB 186v (Norfolk 9:169)
LDB 186v (Norfolk 9:171)
LDB 259v (Norfolk 35:13)
LDB 142v (Norfolk 2:4)
LDB 176v (Norfolk 9:46)
LDB 143 (Norfolk 2:8)
LDB 174v (Norfolk 9:24)
LDB 170v (Norfolk 8:120)
LDB 170v (Norfolk 8:120)
LDB 142 (Norfolk 2:4)
LDB 142v (Norfolk 2:4)
LDB 163v (Norfolk 8:48)
LDB 163v (Norfolk 8:48)
LDB 138 (Norfolk 1:217)
LDB 138 (Norfolk 1:217)
LDB 243v (Norfolk 26:3)
LDB 140v (Norfolk 1:234)
LDB 166 (Norfolk 8:70)
LDB 144v (Norfolk 4:8)
LDB 197v (Norfolk 10:52)
LDB 143 (Norfolk 2:5)
LDB 140v (Norfolk 1:232)
LDB 139 (Norfolk 1:223)
LDB 139 (Norfolk 1:223)
LDB 186 (Norfolk 9:167)
LDB 210v (Norfolk 14:21)
LDB 263v (Norfolk 43:3)
LDB 141 (Norfolk 1:239)
LDB 141 (Norfolk 1:239)
LDB 141v (Norfolk 1:239)
LDB 141v (Norfolk 1:239)
LDB 265 (Norfolk 48:3)
LDB 258v (Norfolk 35:3)
LDB 264v (Norfolk 48:3)
LDB 175 (Norfolk 9:26)
LDB 176v (Norfolk 9:43)
LDB 232v (Norfolk 21:19)
LDB 265 (Norfolk 48:4)
LDB 141 (Norfolk 1:237)
LDB 141 (Norfolk 1:237)
LDB 190 (Norfolk 9:224)
LDB 202 (Norfolk 11:4)
LDB 225v (Norfolk 19:39)
LDB 262v (Norfolk 40:1)
LDB 201v (Norfolk 10a:1)
LDB 181 (Norfolk 9:99)
LDB 181 (Norfolk 9:99)
LDB 136 (Norfolk 1:210)
LDB 137 (Norfolk 1:212)
LDB 137 (Norfolk 1:212)
LDB 136 (Norfolk 1:210)
LDB 118v (Norfolk 1:69)
LDB 118v (Norfolk 1:69)
LDB 118v (Norfolk 1:69)
LDB 118v (Norfolk 1:69)
LDB 118v (Norfolk 1:69)
LDB 139 (Norfolk 1:225)
LDB 139 (Norfolk 1:225)
LDB 171 (Norfolk 8:122)
LDB 138 (Norfolk 1:216)
LDB 138 (Norfolk 1:216)
LDB 137v (Norfolk 1:216)
LDB 230 (Norfolk 20:36)
LDB 141v (Norfolk 1:241)
LDB 141v (Norfolk 1:241)
LDB 141v (Norfolk 1:241)
LDB 266 (Norfolk 49:8)
LDB 177v (Norfolk 9:64)
LDB 141 (Norfolk 1:238)
LDB 141 (Norfolk 1:238)
LDB 145v (Norfolk 4:14)
LDB 124v (Norfolk 1:121)
LDB 136 (Norfolk 1:210)
LDB 254 (Norfolk 32:2)
LDB 143 (Norfolk 2:6)
LDB 121 (Norfolk 1:79)
LDB 165 (Norfolk 8:64)
LDB 165 (Norfolk 8:64)
LDB 136 (Norfolk 1:210)
LDB 221v (Norfolk 18:1)
LDB 252v (Norfolk 31:39)
LDB 251v (Norfolk 31:32)
LDB 142v (Norfolk 2:4)
LDB 142v (Norfolk 2:4)
LDB 143v (Norfolk 2:10)
LDB 175v (Norfolk 9:31)
LDB 187 (Norfolk 9:178)
LDB 152v (Norfolk 6:5)
LDB 229 (Norfolk 20:24)
LDB 229 (Norfolk 20:24)
LDB 229 (Norfolk 20:24)
LDB 228v (Norfolk 20:24)
LDB 228v (Norfolk 20:24)
LDB 229 (Norfolk 20:24)
LDB 137v (Norfolk 1:215)
LDB 137v (Norfolk 1:215)
LDB 186 (Norfolk 9:165)
GDB 223 (Northamptonshire 18:32)
GDB 155 (Oxfordshire 2:1) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 154 (Oxfordshire B8) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 157 (Oxfordshire 15:2)
GDB 159 (Oxfordshire 29:16)
GDB 155 (Oxfordshire 3:1) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 87v (Somerset 2:10) (archbishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral)?)
GDB 87v (Somerset 2:1) (archbishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral)?)
LDB 289 (Suffolk 1:117)
LDB 322v (Suffolk 6:221)
LDB 310v (Suffolk 6:76)
LDB 310v (Suffolk 6:77)
LDB 447v (Suffolk 75:5)
LDB 323v (Suffolk 6:225)
LDB 289 (Suffolk 1:119)
LDB 289v (Suffolk 1:119)
LDB 288 (Suffolk 1:107)
LDB 288 (Suffolk 1:107)
LDB 339 (Suffolk 7:75)
LDB 339 (Suffolk 7:75)
LDB 288 (Suffolk 1:110)
LDB 288 (Suffolk 1:110)
LDB 288 (Suffolk 1:110)
LDB 288v (Suffolk 1:111)
LDB 377 (Suffolk 16:35)
LDB 288 (Suffolk 1:108)
LDB 412v (Suffolk 32:20)
LDB 331 (Suffolk 7:4)
LDB 331 (Suffolk 7:4)
LDB 331 (Suffolk 7:4)
LDB 331 (Suffolk 7:4)
LDB 427v (Suffolk 42:1)
LDB 381 (Suffolk 19:21)
LDB 380v (Suffolk 19:17)
LDB 434v (Suffolk 53:5)
LDB 434v (Suffolk 53:5)
LDB 434v (Suffolk 53:5)
LDB 289 (Suffolk 1:118)
LDB 295v (Suffolk 3:79)
LDB 438 (Suffolk 64:3)
LDB 289 (Suffolk 1:116)
LDB 288v (Suffolk 1:115)
LDB 288v (Suffolk 1:115)
LDB 372v (Suffolk 15:1)
LDB 423 (Suffolk 38:16)
LDB 450 (Suffolk 77:1)
LDB 450 (Suffolk 77:1)
LDB 337 (Suffolk 7:60)
LDB 350 (Suffolk 8:47)
LDB 336 (Suffolk 7:51)
LDB 438 (Suffolk 62:7)
LDB 349v (Suffolk 8:44)
LDB 323 (Suffolk 6:222)
LDB 288v (Suffolk 1:112)
LDB 380v (Suffolk 19:16)
LDB 321v (Suffolk 6:213)
LDB 322v (Suffolk 6:220)
LDB 379v (Suffolk 19:1)
LDB 323 (Suffolk 6:223)
LDB 426 (Suffolk 40:6)
LDB 322v (Suffolk 6:219)
GDB 30v (Surrey 2:2) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 30v (Surrey 2:1) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 31 (Surrey 2:6) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 30 (Surrey 1:1b) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 31 (Surrey 2:5) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 30v (Surrey 2:3) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 31 (Surrey 2:4) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 22v (Sussex 10:99)
GDB 16v (Sussex 2:7) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 16v (Sussex 2:4) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 16v (Sussex 2:5) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 16v (Sussex 2:8) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 16 (Sussex 2:1) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 16v (Sussex 2:1f) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 16v (Sussex 2:3) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 16v (Sussex 2:6) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 16v (Sussex 2:9) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
GDB 16v (Sussex 2:2) (archbishop of Canterbury, Christ Church (cathedral))
Bishop (163)
-
Anon.EpisList4 (bishop of the city of Winchester)
ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 CE 1043
ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 E 1043
ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 C 1047; E 1045
ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 E 1052
ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 C 1053
S1014
S1015
S1017
S1018 (bishop of the church of the people of Winchester)
S1019
S1020 (bishop of the church of the people of Winchester)
S1022 (bishop of the church of the people of Winchester)
S1023
S1024
S1025
Anon.VitaEdwardiRegis I.3
S1053
S1057
S1058
S1073
S1074
S1108
S1136
S1137 (bishop of Winchester)
S1153
S1402
S1403
S1531
WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum i.23.1
WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum ii.77.1
S1468
S1470
S1471
S1476
WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum ii.96.3
S1021
GDB 62v (Berkshire 46:4) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 58 (Berkshire 2:1) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 143v (Buckinghamshire 3:2) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 143v (Buckinghamshire 3:1) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 40v (Hampshire 2:23) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 41 (Hampshire 3:4) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 41 (Hampshire 3:8) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 40 (Hampshire 2:1) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 40v (Hampshire 2:25) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 40 (Hampshire 2:9) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 40 (Hampshire 2:9) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 40 (Hampshire 2:6) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 41v (Hampshire 3:23) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral)?)
GDB 40 (Hampshire 2:10) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 41v (Hampshire 3:15) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 43 (Hampshire 3:26) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 40v (Hampshire 2:24) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 52v (Hampshire IoW2:1) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 52v (Hampshire IoW2:1) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 41 (Hampshire 3:3) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 41 (Hampshire 3:3) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 48 (Hampshire 41:1) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 41 (Hampshire 3:1) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 41 (Hampshire 3:1) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 41 (Hampshire 3:1) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 41 (Hampshire 3:1) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 41 (Hampshire 3:1) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 40v (Hampshire 2:19) (bishop of Canterbury, Holy Trinity)
GDB 40 (Hampshire 2:8) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 41 (Hampshire 3:8) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 41v (Hampshire 3:9) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 40v (Hampshire 2:13) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral)?)
GDB 40 (Hampshire 2:5) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 40 (Hampshire 2:5) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 40 (Hampshire 2:5) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 40 (Hampshire 2:5) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 41v (Hampshire 3:20) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 41v (Hampshire 3:11) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 40v (Hampshire 2:15) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 40v (Hampshire 2:15) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 40v (Hampshire 2:15) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 41v (Hampshire 3:8) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 51 (Hampshire NF2:1) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 41v (Hampshire 3:19) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 41 (Hampshire 3:5) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 41v (Hampshire 3:21) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 43 (Hampshire 3:27) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 43 (Hampshire 3:25) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 41 (Hampshire 3:7) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 41v (Hampshire 3:18) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 41v (Hampshire 3:22) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral)?)
GDB 40v (Hampshire 2:20) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 41 (Hampshire 3:6) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 41 (Hampshire 3:8) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 41 (Hampshire 3:8) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 40 (Hampshire 2:2) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 40 (Hampshire 2:7) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 41v (Hampshire 3:8) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 41v (Hampshire 3:8) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 41v (Hampshire 3:13) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 40v (Hampshire 2:12) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 41v (Hampshire 3:17) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 41 (Hampshire 3:2) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 40 (Hampshire 2:1) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 40 (Hampshire 2:1) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 40 (Hampshire 2:1) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 46v (Hampshire 29:1) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 40 (Hampshire 2:10) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 40 (Hampshire 2:10) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 40 (Hampshire 2:10) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 41v (Hampshire 3:10) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 51 (Hampshire NF2:3) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 40 (Hampshire 2:1) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 40 (Hampshire 2:1) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 41v (Hampshire 3:16) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 41v (Hampshire 3:9) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 40v (Hampshire 2:14) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 47 (Hampshire 29:9) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 51 (Hampshire NF2:2) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 40 (Hampshire 2:3) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 40 (Hampshire 2:4) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 40v (Hampshire 2:11) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 40v (Hampshire 2:22) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 41 (Hampshire 3:5) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 40v (Hampshire 2:21) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 41v (Hampshire 3:14) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 41v (Hampshire 3:24) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral)?)
LDB 135v (Norfolk 1:209)
LDB 184 (Norfolk 9:139)
LDB 175v (Norfolk 9:31)
GDB 155 (Oxfordshire 3:2) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 154 (Oxfordshire B8) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral)?)
GDB 87v (Somerset 2:11) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral)?)
GDB 87v (Somerset 2:2) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral)?)
GDB 87v (Somerset 2:2) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral)?)
GDB 91v (Somerset 19:7) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 87v (Somerset 2:2) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral)?)
GDB 87v (Somerset 2:2) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral)?)
GDB 87v (Somerset 2:2) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral)?)
GDB 87v (Somerset 2:2) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral)?)
GDB 87v (Somerset 2:2) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral)?)
GDB 87v (Somerset 2:2) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral)?)
GDB 87v (Somerset 2:3) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral)?)
GDB 87v (Somerset 2:2) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral)?)
GDB 87v (Somerset 2:12) (bishop? of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 87v (Somerset 2:2) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral)?)
GDB 87v (Somerset 2:2) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral)?)
GDB 87v (Somerset 2:7) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral)?)
GDB 87v (Somerset 2:2) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral)?)
GDB 87v (Somerset 2:2) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral)?)
LDB 445 (Suffolk 69:1)
LDB 412 (Suffolk 32:16)
GDB 65v (Wiltshire 2:4) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral)?)
GDB 65v (Wiltshire 2:8) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral)?)
GDB 65v (Wiltshire 2:1) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral)?)
GDB 65v (Wiltshire 2:11) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral)?)
GDB 65v (Wiltshire 2:10) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral)?)
GDB 65v (Wiltshire 2:10) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral)?)
GDB 65v (Wiltshire 2:10) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral)?)
GDB 65v (Wiltshire 2:2) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral)?)
GDB 65v (Wiltshire 2:3) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral))
GDB 65v (Wiltshire 2:5) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral)?)
GDB 65v (Wiltshire 2:12) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral)?)
GDB 65v (Wiltshire 2:12) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral)?)
GDB 65v (Wiltshire 2:9) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral)?)
GDB 65v (Wiltshire 2:6) (bishop of Winchester, St Swithun (cathedral)?)
Priest (1)
-
ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 CE 1043
- Status (2)
-
Lord (1)
-
S1519
Optimas (1)
-
WilliamofPoitiers.GestaGuillelmi II.12
- Personal Relationship (163)
-
Stigand 1 Brother (Consanguineal kinship) of ~ (1)
-
of Æthelmær 35: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum ii.74.10
~ Friend (General relationship) of Stigand 1 (1)
-
Eadgyth 3: of Stigand 1: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum i.23.8
Stigand 1 Lord (General relationship) of ~ (157)
-
of Æthelsige 43: GDB 62v (Berkshire 46:4)
of Baldwin 14: GDB 148v (Buckinghamshire 17:3)
of Baldwin 14: GDB 148v (Buckinghamshire 17:4)
of Brunmann 2: GDB 146v (Buckinghamshire 12:23)
of Ealdræd 1: GDB 151 (Buckinghamshire 29:1)
of Godwine 84: GDB 146v (Buckinghamshire 12:20)
of Esger 1: GDB 143v (Buckinghamshire 2:3)
of Wulfric 85: GDB 151 (Buckinghamshire 33:1)
of Asgot 1: GDB 200v (Cambridgeshire 32:13)
of Alflæd 1: GDB 198 (Cambridgeshire 26:21)
of Godwine 84: GDB 200 (Cambridgeshire 32:8)
of William 40: GDB 200 (Cambridgeshire 32:8)
of Algar 4: GDB 198 (Cambridgeshire 26:23)
of Thorbert 1: GDB 198v (Cambridgeshire 26:26)
of Ælfric 164: GDB 41 (Hampshire 3:8)
of villans 1: GDB 40 (Hampshire 2:9)
of Wulfstan 63: GDB 40 (Hampshire 2:10)
of Æthelsige 43: GDB 41v (Hampshire 3:15)
of Eadric 84: GDB 40v (Hampshire 2:24)
of Ordweald 1: GDB 48 (Hampshire 41:1)
of Gerald 3: GDB 41 (Hampshire 3:1)
of Æthelmær 47: GDB 41 (Hampshire 3:1)
of Godwine 84: GDB 41 (Hampshire 3:1)
of Ælfheah 53: GDB 41 (Hampshire 3:1)
of Leofwine 102: GDB 40v (Hampshire 2:19)
of Wulfric 71: GDB 40v (Hampshire 2:16)
of Alwine 10: GDB 40 (Hampshire 2:5)
of Beorhtric 43: GDB 40 (Hampshire 2:5)
of Ælfheah 53: GDB 40 (Hampshire 2:5)
of Herch 1: GDB 40v (Hampshire 2:15)
of Godwine 84: GDB 40v (Hampshire 2:15)
of Alwine 10: GDB 41v (Hampshire 3:8)
of Eadnoth 27: GDB 41 (Hampshire 3:5)
of Leofwine 102: GDB 41 (Hampshire 3:8)
of Wulfweard 24: GDB 41 (Hampshire 3:8)
of Godwine 84: GDB 40 (Hampshire 2:2)
of Iusten 1: GDB 41v (Hampshire 3:8)
of Leofsige 45: GDB 41v (Hampshire 3:8)
of villans 1: GDB 41v (Hampshire 3:17)
of Wulfric 85: GDB 40 (Hampshire 2:1)
of Osbern 19: GDB 40 (Hampshire 2:1)
of Cypping 5: GDB 46v (Hampshire 29:1)
of Alnoth 4: GDB 40 (Hampshire 2:10)
of Alric 10: GDB 40 (Hampshire 2:10)
of Edward 34: GDB 40 (Hampshire 2:1)
of Alric 10: GDB 40 (Hampshire 2:1)
of Aghmund 1: GDB 41v (Hampshire 3:9)
of Cypping 5: GDB 47 (Hampshire 29:9)
of Wulfric 85: GDB 40 (Hampshire 2:4)
of Siward 2: GDB 133v (Hertfordshire 4:11)
of Leofrun 9: GDB 140v (Hertfordshire 34:14)
of Leodmær 1: GDB 135 (Hertfordshire 7:3)
of Asgot 1: GDB 142 (Hertfordshire 41:2)
of Leodmær 1: GDB 135 (Hertfordshire 7:2)
of Leodmær 1: GDB 138 (Hertfordshire 23:2)
of Alnoth 4: GDB 134v (Hertfordshire 5:14)
of Thorbert 1: GDB 141v (Hertfordshire 37:3)
of Alwine 10: GDB 132v (Hertfordshire 1:10)
of Leodmær 1: GDB 138 (Hertfordshire 23:1)
of Alric 10: GDB 137 (Hertfordshire 16:8)
of Leofflæd 9: GDB 134v (Hertfordshire 5:19)
of Alnoth 4: GDB 142 (Hertfordshire 38:2)
of Alweard 2: GDB 134v (Hertfordshire 5:12)
of Alweard 2: GDB 133v (Hertfordshire 4:17)
of Godric 56: GDB 135v (Hertfordshire 10:11)
of Alnoth 4: GDB 134v (Hertfordshire 5:17)
of Eadgifu 23: GDB 134v (Hertfordshire 5:16)
of Ælfric 164: GDB 133 (Hertfordshire 2:5)
of Ælfric 164: GDB 133 (Hertfordshire 2:3)
of Alric 10: GDB 137 (Hertfordshire 17:5)
of Alnoth 4: GDB 134v (Hertfordshire 5:26)
of Alweard 2: GDB 133v (Hertfordshire 4:4)
of Æthelnoth 50: GDB 4 (Kent 2:31)
of Bondi 2: GDB 7 (Kent 5:38)
of Ælfhere 18: GDB 4 (Kent 2:32)
of Abba 9: LDB 173v (Norfolk 9:7)
of Offa 11: LDB 186 (Norfolk 9:168)
of Hagan 2: LDB 130v (Norfolk 1:182)
of Genred 1: LDB 176 (Norfolk 9:32)
of Alwine 10: LDB 224v (Norfolk 19:31)
of Almær 6: LDB 159v (Norfolk 8:14)
of Swetmann 3: LDB 177 (Norfolk 9:56)
of Alfred 71: LDB 143v (Norfolk 2:12)
of Ælfric 164: LDB 246 (Norfolk 29:6)
of Ælfric 164: LDB 245v (Norfolk 29:5)
of Harold 3: LDB 227 (Norfolk 20:9)
of Algar 4: LDB 173v (Norfolk 9:6)
of Coleman 1: LDB 180v (Norfolk 9:98)
of Godwine 84: LDB 143 (Norfolk 2:7)
of Ælfric 164: LDB 152v (Norfolk 6:6)
of Thorkil 2: LDB 274v (Norfolk 66:22)
of Thor 3: LDB 222v (Norfolk 19:9)
of Ketil 1: LDB 243v (Norfolk 26:2)
of Toki 10: LDB 250 (Norfolk 31:16)
of Hagan 2: LDB 205 (Norfolk 12:42)
of Algar 4: LDB 152v (Norfolk 6:4)
of Alnoth 4: LDB 123v (Norfolk 1:105)
of Wulfric 85: LDB 259 (Norfolk 35:7)
of Thorkil 2: LDB 266v (Norfolk 50:4)
of Osmund 26: LDB 153 (Norfolk 6:7)
of Ælfric 164: LDB 259 (Norfolk 35:6)
of Godwine 84: LDB 230 (Norfolk 20:35)
of Ælfric 164: LDB 176v (Norfolk 9:49)
of Ealdgar 1: LDB 259v (Norfolk 35:9)
of Æthelmær 35: LDB 191v (Norfolk 10:5)
of Ewicman 1: LDB 117v (Norfolk 1:62)
of Ewicman 1: LDB 234v (Norfolk 21:37)
of Algar 4: LDB 177v (Norfolk 9:63)
of Alstan 1: LDB 173v (Norfolk 9:8)
of Alwine 10: LDB 120v (Norfolk 1:78)
of Beorhtric 43: LDB 259 (Norfolk 35:4)
of Eadric 84: LDB 217 (Norfolk 17:18)
of Wulfnoth 28: LDB 247 (Norfolk 30:4)
of Ealdwine 12: LDB 259v (Norfolk 35:13)
of Thorberht 1: LDB 176v (Norfolk 9:46)
of Alfred 71: LDB 143 (Norfolk 2:8)
of Ketil 1: LDB 264v (Norfolk 48:3)
of Olof 1: LDB 232v (Norfolk 21:19)
of Thorulf 1: LDB 202 (Norfolk 11:4)
of Almær 6: LDB 225v (Norfolk 19:39)
of Wulfnoth 28: LDB 262v (Norfolk 40:1)
of Wulfric 85: LDB 181 (Norfolk 9:99)
of Ketil 1: LDB 266 (Norfolk 49:8)
of Almær 6: LDB 177v (Norfolk 9:64)
of Toki 10: LDB 145v (Norfolk 4:14)
of Ketil 1: LDB 254 (Norfolk 32:2)
of Wulfflæd 10: LDB 175v (Norfolk 9:31)
of Ordric 8: GDB 223 (Northamptonshire 18:32)
of Leofwig 4: GDB 159 (Oxfordshire 29:16)
of Sigeric 13: LDB 322v (Suffolk 6:221)
of Wulfgifu 8: LDB 323v (Suffolk 6:225)
of Thorsten 1: LDB 288 (Suffolk 1:107)
of Thorsten 1: LDB 288 (Suffolk 1:107)
of Gode 6: LDB 339 (Suffolk 7:75)
of Alwine 10: LDB 288 (Suffolk 1:110)
of Wulfmær 31: LDB 288 (Suffolk 1:110)
of Godwine 84: LDB 377 (Suffolk 16:35)
of Wulfweard 24: LDB 427v (Suffolk 42:1)
of Æthelmær 35: LDB 381 (Suffolk 19:21)
of Offa 11: LDB 434v (Suffolk 53:5)
of Siward 2: LDB 295v (Suffolk 3:79)
of Algar 4: LDB 438 (Suffolk 64:3)
of Leofsunu 9: LDB 423 (Suffolk 38:16)
of Beorhthere 6: LDB 450 (Suffolk 77:1)
of Beorhthere 6: LDB 450 (Suffolk 77:1)
of Leofcild 4: LDB 337 (Suffolk 7:60)
of Wulfweard 24: LDB 350 (Suffolk 8:47)
of Godwine 84: LDB 336 (Suffolk 7:51)
of Wulfmær 31: LDB 349v (Suffolk 8:44)
of Wulfgifu 8: LDB 323 (Suffolk 6:222)
of Wulfgifu 8: LDB 321v (Suffolk 6:213)
of Sigeric 13: LDB 322v (Suffolk 6:220)
of Wulfgifu 8: LDB 323 (Suffolk 6:223)
of Alwine 10: LDB 426 (Suffolk 40:6)
of Sigeric 13: LDB 322v (Suffolk 6:219)
of Ælfhere 18: GDB 22v (Sussex 10:99)
of Alsige 1: GDB 65v (Wiltshire 2:3)
~ Lord (General relationship) of Stigand 1 (4)
-
Edward 15: of Stigand 1: GDB 196 (Cambridgeshire 15:2)
Ecgfrith 17: of Stigand 1: GDB 135v (Hertfordshire 10:10)
Baldwin 5: of Stigand 1: LDB 288v (Suffolk 1:115)
Baldwin 5: of Stigand 1: LDB 288v (Suffolk 1:115)
- Possession (258)
-
These were vills of the abbey of Ely which Archbishop Stigand 1 used to hold, and from which as much food was supplied to the monks as belonged to it; after his death, King William 1 held Methwold, Croxton, Snailwell, Wood Ditton.: Bates117
Lands which would later be held by St Albans.: Bates249
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 9.50 hides in Biggleswade, Bedfordshire (in 1066): GDB 217 (Bedfordshire 51:2)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 8 hides, 1 virgate in Dunton, Bedfordshire (in 1066): GDB 216 (Bedfordshire 39:1)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 1.50 hides in Holme, Bedfordshire (in 1066): GDB 217 (Bedfordshire 51:3)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 0.50 hides in Southill, Bedfordshire (in 1066): GDB 216 (Bedfordshire 39:3)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 4 hides in Stratton, Bedfordshire (in 1066): GDB 217 (Bedfordshire 51:1)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 20 hides in Brightwell, Berkshire (in 1066): GDB 58 (Berkshire 2:3)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 15 hides in Harwell, Berkshire (in 1066): GDB 58 (Berkshire 2:2)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 20 hides in Woolstone, Berkshire (in 1066): GDB 58 (Berkshire 2:1)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 20 hides in Ivinghoe, Buckinghamshire (in 1066): GDB 143v (Buckinghamshire 3:2)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 19 hides in West Wycombe, Buckinghamshire (in 1066): GDB 143v (Buckinghamshire 3:1)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 3.50 hides in Duxford, Cambridgeshire (in 1066): GDB 196 (Cambridgeshire 15:2)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 5 hides in Snailwell, Cambridgeshire (in 1066): GDB 199 (Cambridgeshire 28:2)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 30 hides in Sturminster Marshall, Dorset (in 1066): GDB 80 (Dorset 28:2)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 4.50 hides in Bocking, Essex (in 1066): LDB 8 (Essex 2:2)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 3 virgates in Coggeshall, Essex (in 1066): LDB 8 (Essex 2:1)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 2 virgates in Latchingdon, Essex (in 1066): LDB 8 (Essex 2:5)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 14 hides in Lawling, Essex (in 1066): LDB 8 (Essex 2:4)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 1 hide in Little Stambridge, Essex (in 1066): LDB 8v (Essex 2:9)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 100 virgates in Milton, Essex (in 1066): LDB 8v (Essex 2:7)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 4 hides in Southchurch, Essex (in 1066): LDB 8v (Essex 2:8)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 3 virgates in St Lawrence, Essex (in 1066): LDB 8 (Essex 2:6)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 0.50 hides in Stisted, Essex (in 1066): LDB 8 (Essex 2:3)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 5.50 hides in Bishops Norton, Gloucestershire (in 1066): GDB 164v (Gloucestershire 2:3)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 15 hides in Churchdown, Gloucestershire (in 1066): GDB 164v (Gloucestershire 2:1)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 9 hides in Compton Abdale, Gloucestershire (in 1066): GDB 164v (Gloucestershire 2:9)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 4 hides in Hucclecote, Gloucestershire (in 1066): GDB 164v (Gloucestershire 2:2)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 14 hides, 1 virgate in South Cerney, Gloucestershire (in 1066): GDB 169 (Gloucestershire 56:2)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 3 hides in Swindon, Gloucestershire (in 1066): GDB 164v (Gloucestershire 2:5)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 1.50 virgates in Tidenham, Gloucestershire (in 1066): GDB 166v (Gloucestershire 31:6)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 0.50 hides in Tidenham, Gloucestershire (in 1066): GDB 167v (Gloucestershire 39:11)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 9 hides in Abbotstone, Hampshire (in 1066): GDB 40v (Hampshire 2:23)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 5 hides in Avington, Hampshire (in 1066): GDB 41 (Hampshire 3:4)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 10 hides in Bentley near Farnham, Hampshire (in 1066): GDB 40v (Hampshire 2:25)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 17 hides in Bishops Waltham, Hampshire (in 1066): GDB 40 (Hampshire 2:9)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 5 hides in Bishopstoke, Hampshire (in 1066): GDB 40 (Hampshire 2:6)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 0.50 hides in Boarhunt Boarhunt or North Boarhunt, Hampshire (in 1066): GDB 41v (Hampshire 3:23)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 6 hides in Brockhampton, Hampshire (in 1066): GDB 43 (Hampshire 3:26)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 20.50 hides in Calbourne, Hampshire (in 1066): GDB 52v (Hampshire IoW2:1)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 5 hides, 3 virgates in Chilbolton, Hampshire (in 1066): GDB 41 (Hampshire 3:3)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 1 hide in Chilcomb, Hampshire (in 1066): GDB 41 (Hampshire 3:1)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 3.50 hides in Crawley, Hampshire (in 1066): GDB 40 (Hampshire 2:8)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 31.25 hides in Crondall, Hampshire (in 1066): GDB 41 (Hampshire 3:8)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 14 hides in Droxford, Hampshire (in 1066): GDB 41v (Hampshire 3:9)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 72 hides in East Meon, Hampshire (in 1066): GDB 38 (Hampshire 1:16)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 6 hides, 1 virgate in East Meon, Hampshire (in 1066): GDB 40v (Hampshire 2:13)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: [fiscal data not specified] in Easton, Hampshire (in 1066): GDB 40 (Hampshire 2:5)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 10 hides in Ecchinswell, Hampshire (in 1066): GDB 41v (Hampshire 3:20)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 10 hides in Exton, Hampshire (in 1066): GDB 41v (Hampshire 3:11)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 7.50 hides in Fareham, Hampshire (in 1066): GDB 40v (Hampshire 2:15)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 1 hide, 3 virgates in Fawley, Hampshire (in 1066): GDB 51 (Hampshire NF2:1)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 2 hides in Fawley, Hampshire (in 1066): GDB 41v (Hampshire 3:19)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 7 hides in Hannington, Hampshire (in 1066): GDB 41v (Hampshire 3:21)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 10 hides in Havant, Hampshire (in 1066): GDB 43 (Hampshire 3:27)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 5 hides in Hayling North or South, Hampshire (in 1066): GDB 43 (Hampshire 3:25)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 10 hides in Highclere Burghclere and Highclere, Hampshire (in 1066): GDB 41 (Hampshire 3:7)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 8 hides in Hinton Ampner, Hampshire (in 1066): GDB 41v (Hampshire 3:18)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 5 hides in Hoddington, Hampshire (in 1066): GDB 41v (Hampshire 3:22)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 24 hides in Houghton, Hampshire (in 1066): GDB 40v (Hampshire 2:20)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 29.13 hides in Hurstbourne Priors, Hampshire (in 1066): GDB 41 (Hampshire 3:6)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 3 hides in Martyr Worthy, Hampshire (in 1066): GDB 41v (Hampshire 3:13)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 0.50 hides in Meonstoke, Hampshire (in 1066): GDB 40v (Hampshire 2:12)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 5 hides in Nursling, Hampshire (in 1066): GDB 41 (Hampshire 3:2)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 34 hides in Old Alresford, Hampshire (in 1066): GDB 40 (Hampshire 2:1)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 31 hides in Overton, Hampshire (in 1066): GDB 40 (Hampshire 2:10)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 5 hides in Polhampton, Hampshire (in 1066): GDB 41v (Hampshire 3:10)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 3 hides in Sclive, Hampshire (in 1066): GDB 51 (Hampshire NF2:3)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 6 hides in South Stoneham and Southampton, Hampshire (in 1066): GDB 41v (Hampshire 3:16)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 6 hides in Stoke? in St Mary Bourne, Hampshire (in 1066): GDB 40v (Hampshire 2:14)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 2.50 hides in Througham, Hampshire (in 1066): GDB 51 (Hampshire NF2:2)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 20 hides in Twyford, Hampshire (in 1066): GDB 40 (Hampshire 2:3)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 20 hides in West Meon, Hampshire (in 1066): GDB 40v (Hampshire 2:11)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 7 hides in West Tisted, Hampshire (in 1066): GDB 40v (Hampshire 2:22)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 33 hides in Whitchurch, Hampshire (in 1066): GDB 41 (Hampshire 3:5)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 10 hides in Wonston, Hampshire (in 1066): GDB 41v (Hampshire 3:14)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 20 hides in Wootton St Lawrence, Hampshire (in 1066): GDB 41v (Hampshire 3:24)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 1.50 hides in Yavington, Hampshire (in 1066): GDB 40v (Hampshire 2:18)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 1.50 hides in Yavington, Hampshire (in 1066): GDB 43v (Hampshire 14:6)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 5.50 hides in Broxbourne, Hertfordshire (in 1066): GDB 142v (Hertfordshire 43:1)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 1 hide in Pirton, Hertfordshire (in 1066): GDB 138 (Hertfordshire 23:3)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 7 hides, 1 virgate in Redbourn, Hertfordshire (in 1066): GDB 135v (Hertfordshire 10:10)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 11 hides in Standon, Hertfordshire (in 1066): GDB 142v (Hertfordshire 42a:1)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 0.50 hides in Welwyn, Hertfordshire (in 1066): GDB 135 (Hertfordshire 7:4)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 1 sulung in -, Kent (in 1066): GDB 5 (Kent 3:22)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 0.25 sulungs in -, Kent (in 1066): GDB 5 (Kent 3:22)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 17 sulungs in Adisham, Kent (in 1066): GDB 5 (Kent 3:18)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 21 sulungs in Aldington, Kent (in 1066): GDB 4 (Kent 2:23)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 0.50 sulungs in Berwick, Kent (in 1066): GDB 4v (Kent 2:42)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 3 sulungs in Bexley, Kent (in 1066): GDB 3 (Kent 2:6)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 6 sulungs in Bishopsbourne, Kent (in 1066): GDB 3v (Kent 2:17)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 2 sulungs in Blackbourne, Kent (in 1066): GDB 5 (Kent 3:20)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 0.50 sulungs in Boughton Malherbe, Kent (in 1066): GDB 4 (Kent 2:33)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 5 sulungs in Boughton under Blean, Kent (in 1066): GDB 3v (Kent 2:18)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 1 sulung in Brook, Kent (in 1066): GDB 5 (Kent 3:21)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 0.25 sulungs in Buckland, Kent (in 1066): GDB 4v (Kent 2:38)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 8 sulungs in Charing, Kent (in 1066): GDB 3v (Kent 2:19)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 4 sulungs in Chartham, Kent (in 1066): GDB 5 (Kent 3:12)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 3.50 sulungs in Cliffe, Kent (in 1066): GDB 4v (Kent 3:6)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 4 sulungs in Crayford, Kent (in 1066): GDB 3 (Kent 2:7)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 2 sulungs in Darenth, Kent (in 1066): GDB 3 (Kent 2:3)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 1 sulung in Deal, Kent (in 1066): GDB 1v (Kent M:14)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 6 sulungs in East Farleigh, Kent (in 1066): GDB 4v (Kent 3:5)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 2 sulungs in East Lenham, Kent (in 1066): GDB 4v (Kent 2:36)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 6 sulungs in East Peckham, Kent (in 1066): GDB 4v (Kent 3:2)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 2 sulungs in East? Malling, Kent (in 1066): GDB 3 (Kent 2:8)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 7 sulungs in Eastry, Kent (in 1066): GDB 5 (Kent 3:17)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 6 sulungs in Eynsford, Kent (in 1066): GDB 4 (Kent 2:29)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 1 sulung in Farningham, Kent (in 1066): GDB 4 (Kent 2:28)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 0.50 sulungs in Finglesham, Kent (in 1066): GDB 4v (Kent 2:39)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 6 sulungs in Gillingham, Kent (in 1066): GDB 3v (Kent 2:12)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 8 sulungs in Godmersham, Kent (in 1066): GDB 5 (Kent 3:13)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 1 sulung in Graveney, Kent (in 1066): GDB 4 (Kent 2:35)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 3 sulungs in Great Chart, Kent (in 1066): GDB 5 (Kent 3:14)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 6 sulungs in Hollingbourne, Kent (in 1066): GDB 4v (Kent 3:3)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 4 sulungs in Ickham, Kent (in 1066): GDB 5 (Kent 3:8)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 1 sulung in Leaveland Court, Kent (in 1066): GDB 4 (Kent 2:34)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 2.50 sulungs in Little Chart, Kent (in 1066): GDB 5 (Kent 3:15)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 7 sulungs in Lyminge, Kent (in 1066): GDB 4 (Kent 2:26)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 10 sulungs in Maidstone, Kent (in 1066): GDB 3 (Kent 2:11)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 10 sulungs in Meopham, Kent (in 1066): GDB 4v (Kent 3:4)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 6 sulungs in Mersham, Kent (in 1066): GDB 3v (Kent 2:22)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 20 sulungs in Monkton, Kent (in 1066): GDB 4v (Kent 3:7)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 1 sulung in Newenden, Kent (in 1066): GDB 4 (Kent 2:27)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 6 sulungs in Northfleet, Kent (in 1066): GDB 3 (Kent 2:9)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 1 sulung in Northgate, Kent (in 1066): GDB 5 (Kent 3:9)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 0.75 sulungs in Orpington, Kent (in 1066): GDB 4 (Kent 2:30)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 3 sulungs in Orpington, Kent (in 1066): GDB 4v (Kent 3:1)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 8 sulungs in Otford, Kent (in 1066): GDB 3 (Kent 2:4)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 7 sulungs in Petham, Kent (in 1066): GDB 3v (Kent 2:15)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 1 sulung in Pluckley, Kent (in 1066): GDB 3v (Kent 2:20)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 8 sulungs in Reculver, Kent (in 1066): GDB 3v (Kent 2:13)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: [fiscal data not specified] in Romney, Kent (in 1066): GDB 4 (Kent 2:25)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 1.50 sulungs in Romney, Kent (in 1066): GDB 4 (Kent 2:25)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: [fiscal data not specified] in Sandwich, Kent (in 1066): GDB 5 (Kent 3:23)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: [fiscal data not specified] in Seasalter, Kent (in 1066): GDB 5 (Kent 3:10)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 0.50 sulungs in Sheppey, Kent (in 1066): GDB 4v (Kent 2:37)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 1 sulung in South Preston, Kent (in 1066): GDB 5 (Kent 3:11)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 1.50 sulungs in St Martins, Kent (in 1066): GDB 4 (Kent 2:24)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 0.50 sulungs in Statenborough, Kent (in 1066): GDB 4v (Kent 2:39)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 1 sulung in Tilmanstone, Kent (in 1066): GDB 4v (Kent 2:40)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 1 sulung in Warehorne, Kent (in 1066): GDB 5 (Kent 3:19)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 7 sulungs in Westgate, Kent (in 1066): GDB 3v (Kent 2:16)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 7 sulungs in Westwell, Kent (in 1066): GDB 5 (Kent 3:16)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 13 sulungs in Whitstable, Kent (in 1066): GDB 3v (Kent 2:14)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 40 sulungs in Wingham, Kent (in 1066): GDB 3v (Kent 2:21)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 8 sulungs in Wrotham, Kent (in 1066): GDB 3 (Kent 2:10)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 59 hides in Hayes, Middlesex (in 1066): GDB 127 (Middlesex 2:1)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 1 carucate in Arminghall, Norfolk (in 1066): LDB 138 (Norfolk 1:218)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 30 acres in Barford, Norfolk (in 1066): LDB 227v (Norfolk 20:12)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 24 acres, 1 carucate in Belaugh, Norfolk (in 1066): LDB 140v (Norfolk 1:235)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 3 carucates in Castle Rising, Norfolk (in 1066): LDB 142v (Norfolk 2:4)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 5 carucates in Croxton, Norfolk (in 1066): LDB 136v (Norfolk 1:211)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 3 carucates in Ditchingham, Norfolk (in 1066): LDB 139v (Norfolk 1:228)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 4 carucates in Dunham, Norfolk (in 1066): LDB 137 (Norfolk 1:212)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 3 carucates in Earsham, Norfolk (in 1066): LDB 138v (Norfolk 1:219)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 24 acres in Ellingham (church), Norfolk (in 1066): LDB 141v (Norfolk 1:239)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 60 acres in Feltwell, Norfolk (in 1066): LDB 136 (Norfolk 1:210)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 30 acres in Gillingham (church), Norfolk (in 1066): LDB 141v (Norfolk 1:239)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 3 carucates in Grimston, Norfolk (in 1066): LDB 142 (Norfolk 2:2)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 220 acres in Haddiscoe, Norfolk (in 1066): LDB 141 (Norfolk 1:238)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 2 carucates in Harpley, Norfolk (in 1066): LDB 142 (Norfolk 2:3)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 2 carucates in Hellesdon, Norfolk (in 1066): LDB 271 (Norfolk 61:1)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 4 carucates in Horstead, Norfolk (in 1066): LDB 140 (Norfolk 1:231)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: [fiscal data not specified] in Hunstanton, Norfolk (in 1066): LDB 135v (Norfolk 1:209)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 2 carucates in Lakenham, Norfolk (in 1066): LDB 140v (Norfolk 1:236)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 4 carucates in Litcham, Norfolk (in 1066): LDB 137 (Norfolk 1:212)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 20 carucates in Methwold, Norfolk (in 1066): LDB 136 (Norfolk 1:210)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 10 carucates in Mileham, Norfolk (in 1066): LDB 136v (Norfolk 1:212)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 12 acres in Norwich, St Martins, Norfolk (in 1066): LDB 116v (Norfolk 1:61)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 112 acres in Norwich, St Michaels, Norfolk (in 1066): LDB 116v (Norfolk 1:61)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 8 carucates in Snettisham, Norfolk (in 1066): LDB 142 (Norfolk 2:4)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 140 acres in Sprowston, Norfolk (in 1066): LDB 140v (Norfolk 1:234)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 2 carucates in Stockton, Norfolk (in 1066): LDB 141 (Norfolk 1:239)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 5 carucates in Tacolneston, Norfolk (in 1066): LDB 141 (Norfolk 1:237)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 1 carucate in Taverham, Norfolk (in 1066): LDB 201v (Norfolk 10a:1)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 0.50 carucates in Thetford, Norfolk (in 1066): LDB 136 (Norfolk 1:210)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: [fiscal data not specified] in Thetford, Norfolk (in 1066): LDB 137 (Norfolk 1:212)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 1 carucate in Thetford, St Helen (church), Norfolk (in 1066): LDB 136 (Norfolk 1:210)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: [fiscal data not specified] in Thetford, St John, Norfolk (in 1066): LDB 118v (Norfolk 1:69)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: [fiscal data not specified] in Thetford, St Margaret, Norfolk (in 1066): LDB 118v (Norfolk 1:69)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: [fiscal data not specified] in Thetford, St Martin, Norfolk (in 1066): LDB 118v (Norfolk 1:69)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: [fiscal data not specified] in Thetford, St Mary, Norfolk (in 1066): LDB 118v (Norfolk 1:69)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: [fiscal data not specified] in Thetford, St Peter, Norfolk (in 1066): LDB 118v (Norfolk 1:69)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 3 carucates in Thorpe St Andrew, Norfolk (in 1066): LDB 137v (Norfolk 1:216)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 20 acres, 4 carucates in Toft Monks, Norfolk (in 1066): LDB 141 (Norfolk 1:238)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: [fiscal data not specified] in Upwell, Norfolk (in 1066): LDB 136 (Norfolk 1:210)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: [fiscal data not specified] in Weeting, Norfolk (in 1066): LDB 136 (Norfolk 1:210)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 2 carucates in Well, Norfolk (in 1066): LDB 221v (Norfolk 18:1)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 1.50 carucates in West Newton, Norfolk (in 1066): LDB 142v (Norfolk 2:4)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 50 acres in Weston Longville, Norfolk (in 1066): LDB 143v (Norfolk 2:10)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 2 carucates in Wroxham, Norfolk (in 1066): LDB 228v (Norfolk 20:24)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 33 acres in Wroxham (2 churches), Norfolk (in 1066): LDB 229 (Norfolk 20:24)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 4 carucates in Wymondham, Norfolk (in 1066): LDB 137v (Norfolk 1:215)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 14.50 hides in Adderbury, Oxfordshire (in 1066): GDB 155 (Oxfordshire 3:2)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 15 hides in Newington, Oxfordshire (in 1066): GDB 155 (Oxfordshire 2:1)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 7 urban tenements in Oxford, Oxfordshire (in 1066): GDB 154 (Oxfordshire B8)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 9 urban tenements in Oxford, Oxfordshire (in 1066): GDB 154 (Oxfordshire B8)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 40 hides in Pyrton, Oxfordshire (in 1066): GDB 157 (Oxfordshire 15:2)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 30 hides in Witney, Oxfordshire (in 1066): GDB 155 (Oxfordshire 3:1)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 15 hides in Bleadon, Somerset (in 1066): GDB 87v (Somerset 2:11)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: [fiscal data not specified] in Bradford on Tone, Somerset (in 1066): GDB 87v (Somerset 2:2)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: [fiscal data not specified] in Cheddon Fitzpaine, Somerset (in 1066): GDB 87v (Somerset 2:2)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 10 hides in Crowcombe, Somerset (in 1066): GDB 91v (Somerset 19:7)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: [fiscal data not specified] in Ford, Somerset (in 1066): GDB 87v (Somerset 2:2)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: [fiscal data not specified] in Halse, Somerset (in 1066): GDB 87v (Somerset 2:2)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: [fiscal data not specified] in Heathfield, Somerset (in 1066): GDB 87v (Somerset 2:2)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: [fiscal data not specified] in Hele, Somerset (in 1066): GDB 87v (Somerset 2:2)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: [fiscal data not specified] in Hillfarrance, Somerset (in 1066): GDB 87v (Somerset 2:2)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: [fiscal data not specified] in Maidenbrooke, Somerset (in 1066): GDB 87v (Somerset 2:2)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: [fiscal data not specified] in Norton Fitzwarren, Somerset (in 1066): GDB 87v (Somerset 2:3)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: [fiscal data not specified] in Oake, Somerset (in 1066): GDB 87v (Somerset 2:2)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 15 hides in Pitminster, Somerset (in 1066): GDB 87v (Somerset 2:10)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 5 hides in Rimpton, Somerset (in 1066): GDB 87v (Somerset 2:12)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: [fiscal data not specified] in Shopnoller, Somerset (in 1066): GDB 87v (Somerset 2:2)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: [fiscal data not specified] in Stoke St Mary, Somerset (in 1066): GDB 87v (Somerset 2:2)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 54 hides, 2.50 virgates in Taunton, Somerset (in 1066): GDB 87v (Somerset 2:1)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 1 hide, 2.50 virgates in Taunton, Somerset (in 1066): GDB 87v (Somerset 2:7)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: [fiscal data not specified] in Tolland, Somerset (in 1066): GDB 87v (Somerset 2:2)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: [fiscal data not specified] in Upper Cheddon, Somerset (in 1066): GDB 87v (Somerset 2:2)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 10 carucates in Bramford, Suffolk (in 1066): LDB 289 (Suffolk 1:119)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 9 carucates in Bungay, Suffolk (in 1066): LDB 288 (Suffolk 1:110)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 4 carucates in Burgh Castle, Suffolk (in 1066): LDB 445 (Suffolk 69:1)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 1.50 carucates in Denham, Suffolk (in 1066): LDB 331 (Suffolk 7:4)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 40 acres, 10 carucates in Hintlesham, Suffolk (in 1066): LDB 289 (Suffolk 1:118)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 18 carucates in Mildenhall, Suffolk (in 1066): LDB 288v (Suffolk 1:115)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 12 carucates in Mildenhall, Suffolk (in 1066): LDB 288v (Suffolk 1:115)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 7 carucates in Moulton, Suffolk (in 1066): LDB 372v (Suffolk 15:1)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 20 hides in Cheam, Surrey (in 1066): GDB 30v (Surrey 2:2)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 80 hides in Croydon, Surrey (in 1066): GDB 30v (Surrey 2:1)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 14 hides in East Horsley, Surrey (in 1066): GDB 31 (Surrey 2:6)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 3 urban tenements in Guildford, Surrey (in 1066): GDB 30 (Surrey 1:1b)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 20 hides in Merstham, Surrey (in 1066): GDB 31 (Surrey 2:5)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 80 hides in Mortlake, Surrey (in 1066): GDB 30v (Surrey 2:3)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 5 hides in Walworth, Surrey (in 1066): GDB 31 (Surrey 2:4)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 18 hides in Lavant, Sussex (in 1066): GDB 16v (Sussex 2:7)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 21 urban tenements in Lewes, Sussex (in 1066): GDB 16v (Sussex 2:4)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 50 hides in Pagham, Sussex (in 1066): GDB 16v (Sussex 2:5)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 12 hides in Patching, Sussex (in 1066): GDB 16v (Sussex 2:8)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 80 hides in South Malling, Sussex (in 1066): GDB 16 (Sussex 2:1)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 4 hides in South Malling, Sussex (in 1066): GDB 16v (Sussex 2:1f)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 20 hides in Stanmer, Sussex (in 1066): GDB 16v (Sussex 2:3)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 10 hides in Tangmere, Sussex (in 1066): GDB 16v (Sussex 2:6)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 18 hides in West Tarring, Sussex (in 1066): GDB 16v (Sussex 2:9)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 6 hides in Wootton, Sussex (in 1066): GDB 16v (Sussex 2:2)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 20 hides in Alton Priors, Wiltshire (in 1066): GDB 65v (Wiltshire 2:4)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 10 hides in Bushton, Wiltshire (in 1066): GDB 65v (Wiltshire 2:8)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 97 hides in Downton, Wiltshire (in 1066): GDB 65v (Wiltshire 2:1)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 15 hides in East Overton, Wiltshire (in 1066): GDB 65v (Wiltshire 2:11)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 30 hides in Enford, Wiltshire (in 1066): GDB 65v (Wiltshire 2:10)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 2 hides in Enford, Wiltshire (in 1066): GDB 65v (Wiltshire 2:10)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 3 hides in Enford, Wiltshire (in 1066): GDB 65v (Wiltshire 2:10)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 10 hides in Fonthill Bishop, Wiltshire (in 1066): GDB 65v (Wiltshire 2:2)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 10.50 hides, 0.50 virgates in Ham, Wiltshire (in 1066): GDB 65v (Wiltshire 2:5)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 10 hides in Stockton, Wiltshire (in 1066): GDB 65v (Wiltshire 2:12)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 2.50 hides in Stockton, Wiltshire (in 1066): GDB 65v (Wiltshire 2:12)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 19 hides in Wanborough, Wiltshire (in 1066): GDB 65v (Wiltshire 2:9)
Property recorded in Domesday Book: 3 hides in Westwood, Wiltshire (in 1066): GDB 65v (Wiltshire 2:6)
- Event (105)
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Accusation (1)
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Edward 15.trial of Godwine 51: Edward 15 believed the accusations of Robert 5 against Godwine 51, and all the nobles and earls from the whole of Britain assembled in the royal palace of Gloucester; and there, after Edward 15 had complained of all these things, he guiltless earl [Godwine 51] was formally charged with [killing of Alfred 54 and plotting against the king's life]. Godwine 51 asked through messengers for the king's peace, and offered to purge himself by ordeal of the crime with which he had been charged. Edward 15 refused. Gathered there were Siweard 11, Earl Leofric 49, and Ælfgar 46. And after they had all struggled in vain to get the foul charge put to the ordeal, the royal court moved from that palace to London. The earl [Godwine 51] too, guiltless and trusting in his conscience, which was for ever clear of such a crime, approached it with his men from the other side, and took up position outside the walls of that city on the River Thames, on a manor that belonged to him. From here he again sent messengers and showed himself in every way ready to satisfy the king in accordance to the law or beyond it. Whereupon by the efforts of Stigand 1, bishop of Winchester, the day of judgment was postponed. Meanwhile Archbishop Robert 5 stood fiercely in the way of the earl, and at length at his instigation there was declared by the king against the earl this insoluble judgment: that he could hope for the king's peace only when Godwine 51 gave him back his brother [Alfred 54] alive together with all his men and all their possessions.: Anon.VitaEdwardiRegis I.3
Advice/counsel (1)
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Edward 15.advice to him by his magnates: Edward 15 made William 1 his heir with the advice of his magnates: Archbishop Stigand 1, Earl Godwine 51, Earl Leofric 49 and Earl Siweard 11.: WilliamofPoitiers.GestaGuillelmi II.12
Agreement (6)
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S1468 - witnessing agreement between Æthelmær 35 and Ufi 4: Agreement between Æthelmær 35 and Ufi 4, abbot of Bury St Edmunds, and the community there concerning land at Swanton and Hindolveston, Norfolk.: S1468 (1043 x 1044)
S1471 - Æthelric 76 and Eadsige 12 agreement: Agreement between Archbishop Eadsige 12 and Æthelric 76 concerning land at Chart, Stowting, Milton and a haga in Canterbury, all in Kent. The land at Chart had been purchased by Archbishop Ceolnoth 3 with his own money from the thegn Hæletha 1 and granted to him by charter by Æthelwulf 1, king of the West Saxons.: S1471 (1045)
S1476 - agreement between Wulfweard 17 and Stigand 1: Agreement between Bishop Stigand 1, the community at Old Minster, Winchester, and Wulfweard 17 the White concerning 10 hides in Hayling Island, Hants..: S1476 (1053)
S1478 - agreement between Wulfwig 10, Leofric 49 and Godgifu 2: Agreement between Bishop Wulfwig 10, and Earl Leofric 49 and Godgifu 2, his wife, concerning the endowment of a monastery at Stowe St Mary, Lincs..: S1478 (1053 x 1055)
Wulfgeat 14-wife.bequeathing land to Bury St Edmunds: Here is declared in this document the agreement that Wulfgeat 14 and his wife [Anonymous 10079] have made with the abbot and all the community at Bury St Edmunds, namely that they shall take the estate at Gislingham, on condition that it shall pass to St Edmunds after the death of Ælfwine 72 and his wife [Anonymous 10080]. And the estate at Fakenham, as fully and completely as Wulfgeat 14 possesses it, shall pass without any controversy to St Edmunds after the death of both of them. There are three of these documents. Wulfgeat 14 himself has one, the second is at Bury St Edmunds, Bishop Stigand 1 has the third.: S1470 (1043 x 1047)
Wulfweard 17-Stigand 1.agreement: Agreement between Bishop Stigand 1, the community at Old Minster, Winchester, and Wulfweard 17 the White concerning 10 hides in Hayling Island, Hants. : S1476 (1053)
Appointment of eorl (1)
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Godwine 51.events of 1052 (MS E): The king and his council decided that ships should be sent to Sandwich, and they appointed Earl Ralph 1 and Earl Odda 8 as their captains [heafodmannum]. Then Earl Godwine 51 went out from Bruges with his ships to the Isere, and put out to sea a day before the eve of the midsummer festival, so that he came to Dungeness, which is south of Romney. Then it came to the knowledge of the earls out at Sandwich, and they then went out in pursuit of the other ships, and a land force was called out against the ships. Then meanwhile Earl Godwine 51 was warned; and he went to Pevensey, and the storm became so violent that the earls could not find out what had happened to Earl Godwine 51. And then Earl Godwine 51 put out again so that he got back to Bruges, and the other ships went back again to Sandwich. Then it was decided that the ships should go back again to London, and that other earls and other oarsmen [hasæta] should be appointed to them. But there was so long a delay that the naval expedition was quite abandoned and all the men went home. Earl Godwine 51 found out about this and hoisted his sail – and so did his fleet – and they went westward direct to the Isle of Wight and there landed, and ravaged there so long that the people paid them as much as they imposed on them, and then they went westward until they came to Portland and landed there, and did whatever damage they could. Then Harold 3 had come from Ireland with 9 ships, and he landed at Porlock, and there was a great force gathered there to oppose him, but he did not hesitate to obtain provisions for himself, and he landed and killed a great part of the force that opposed him, and seized for himself what came his way in cattle, men, and property; and then he went east to his father, and they both went eastward until they came to the Isle of Wight, and there took what they had left behind them. Then they went on to Pevensey and took with them as many ships as were serviceable and so proceeded to Dungeness. And he took all the ships that were at Romney and Hythe and Folkestone, and then they went east to Dover and landed and seized ships for themselves and as many hostages as they wished. So they came to Sandwich and there they did exactly the same, and everywhere they were given hostages and provisions wherever they asked for them. They went on to Northmouth [Kentish Stour] and so towards London, and some of the ships went within Sheppey and did much damage there, and they went to Milton Regis and burnt it down to the ground. Thus they proceeded on their way to London in pursuit of the earls. When they came to London the king and earls were all lying there with 50 ships ready to meet them. Then the earls sent to the king and asked him legally to return to them all those things of which they had been unjustly deprived. But the king refused for some time – for so long that the men who were with the earl were so incensed against the king and against his men that the earl himself had difficulty calming those men. Then Bishop Stigand 1 with the help of God went there and the wise men both inside the city and without, and they decided that hostages should be arranged for on both sides. And so it was done. Then Archbishop Robert 5 found out about this, and the Frenchmen, so that they took horses and departed, some west to Pentecost’s castle, and some north to Robert 5’s castle. And Archbishop Robert 5 and Bishop Ulf 13 and their companions went out at the east gate and killed or otherwise injured many young men, and went right on to Eadulfesness [The Naze, Essex], and he there got on board a broken-down ship, and went right on overseas, and left behind him his pallium and all the Church in this country. This was God’s will, in that he had obtained the dignity when it was not God’s will. Then a big council was summoned outside London, and all the earls and the chief men who were in the country were at the council. Then Earl Godwine 51 expounded his case, and cleared himself before King Edward 15, his lord [hlaford], and before all his country-men, declaring that he was guiltless of the charges brought against him, and against Harold 3 his son and all his children. Then the king granted the earl and his children his full friendship and full status as an earl, and all that he had had. And all the men who were with him were treated likewise. And the king gave the lady [Eadgyth 3] all that she had had. And Archbishop Robert 5 was declared utterly an outlaw, and all the Frenchmen too, because they were most responsible for the disagreement between Earl Godwine 51 and the king.
: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 E 1052 (1052)
Appointment/consecration/elevation/ordination of abbot (2)
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[Stigand 1].consecrating Baldwin 5: The archbishop of Canterbury [Stigand 1] consecrated Baldwin 5 abbot of Bury St Edmunds.: Bates39 (1065)
Æthelsige 43.appointment as abbot of St Augustine's: Wulfric 67, abbot of St Augustine’s, died in Easter week on 18 April. When word came to the king that Abbot Wulfric 67 was dead, he chose the monk Æthelsige 43 of the Old Minster for the office; he then followed Archbishop Stigand 1 and was consecrated abbot at Windsor on St Augustine’s day.: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 E 1061 (1061)
Appointment/consecration/elevation/ordination of archbishop (1)
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Stigand 1.succession to the archbishopric: Bishop Stigand 1 succeeded to the archbishopric of Canterbury.: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 CE 1052 (1052)
Appointment/consecration/elevation/ordination of bishop (3)
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Siweard 13.consecration as bishop of Rochester: MS C: Abbot Siweard 13 was consecrated bishop of Rochester.
MS D: Archbishop Stigand 1 consecrated ... Abbot Siweard 13 as bishop of Rochester.: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 DE 1058 (1058)
Stigand 1.consecration as bishop of the East Angles: Stigand 1 was consecrated bishop of the East Angles.: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 CE 1043 (1043)
Æthelric 64.consecration as bishop of Sussex: MS C: Æthelric 64 was consecrated bishop of Sussex.
MS D: Archbishop Stigand 1 consecrated Æthelric 64, a monk of Christ Church, as bishop of Sussex.: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 DE 1058 (1058)
Appointment/consecration/elevation/ordination of king (3)
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Events of 1066 (MS D): Earl Tosti 2 came from overseas into the Isle of Wight with as large a fleet as he could muster, and both money and provisions were given him. And King Harold 3 and his brother assembled a naval force and a land force larger than any king had assembled before in this country, because he had been told that William 1 the Bastard [Wyllelm Bastard] meant to come here and subdue this country. This was exactly what happened afterwards. Meanwhile Earl Tosti 2 came into the Humber with 60 ships and Earl Edwin 33 came with a land force and drove him out, and the sailors deserted him. And he went to Scotland with 12 small vessels, and there Harald 5, king of Norway, met him with 300 ships, and Tosti 2 submitted to him and became his vassal [him to beah 7 his man wearth]; and they both went up the Humber until they reached York. And there Earl Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 his brother fought against them; but the Norwegians had the victory. Harold 3, king of the English, was informed that things had gone thus; and the fight was on the Vigil of St Matthew [20 September]. Then Harold 3 our king came upon the Norwegians by surprise and met them beyond York at Stamford Bridge with a large force of the English people; and that day there was a very fierce fight on both sides. There was killed Harald 5 Fairhair [Harfagera recte Hardrada] and Earl Tosti 2, and the Norwegians who survived took to flight; and the English attacked them fiercely as they pursued them until some got to the ships. Some were drowned, and some burned, and some destroyed in various ways so that few survived and the English remained in command of the field. The king gave quarter to Olaf 8 [Olafe], son of the Norse king [Norna cyng], and their bishop [Anonymous 10021] and the earl of Orkney [Anonymous 10022]and all those who survived on the ships, and they went up to our king and swore oaths that they would always keep peace and friendship with this country; and the king let them go home with 24 ships. These two pitched battles were fought within five nights. Then Count William 1 came from Normandy to Pevensey on Michaelmas eve, and as soon as they were able to move on they built a castle at Hastings. King Harold 3 was informed of this and he assembled a large army and came against him at the hoary apple-tree. And William 1 came against him by surprise before his army was drawn up in battle array. But the king nevertheless fought hard against him, with the men who were willing to support him, and there were heavy casualties on both sides. There King Harold 3 was killed and Earl Leofwine 69 his brother, and Earl Gyrth 1 his brother, and many good men, and the French remained masters of the field, even as God granted it to them because of the sins of the people. Archbishop Ealdred 37 and the citizens of London wanted to have Edgar 14 Cild [Edgar 14 Cild] as king, as was his proper due; and Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 promised him that they would fight on his side; but always the more it ought to have been forward the more it got behind, and the worse it grew from day to day, exactly as everything came to be at the end. The battle took place on the festival of Calixtus the pope [14 October]. And Count William 1 went back to Hastings and waited there to see whether submission would be made to him. But when he understood that no one meant to come to him, he went inland with all his army that was left to him, and that came to him afterwards from overseas, and ravaged all the region that he overran until he reached Berkhampstead. There he was met by Archbishop Ealdred 37 and Edgar 14 Cild, and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3, and all the chief men [betstan men] of London. And they submitted out of necessity after most damage had been done – and it was a great piece of folly that they had not done it earlier, since God would not make things better, because of our sins. And they gave hostages and swore oaths to him, and he promised them that he would be a gracious lord, and yet in the meantime they ravaged all that they overran. Then on Christmas day Archbishop Ealdred 37 consecrated him king at Westminster. And he promised Ealdred 37 on Christ’s book and swore moreover (before Ealdred 37 would place the crown on his head) that he would rule all this people as well as the best of the kings before him, if they would be loyal to him. All the same he laid taxes on people very severely, and then went in spring overseas to Normandy, and took with him Archbishop Stigand 1, and Æthelnoth 46, abbot of Glastonbury, and Edgar 14 Cild and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3 and Earl Waltheof 2 and many other good men from England. And Bishop Odo 3 and Earl William 2 stayed behind and built castles far and wide throughout this country, and distressed the wretched folk, and always after that it grew much worse. May the end be good when God wills!: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 D 1066 (1066)
Harold 3.being given the royal crown: Here they gave the royal crown to Harold 3. Here enthroned is Harold 3, King of England. Archbishop Stigand 1. : Bayeux Tapestry (1066)
Harold 3.king: Harold 3 did not wait for a public election, but on the day of Edward 15 was buried he violated his oath and seized the royal throne; Stigand 1 consecrated him. : WilliamofPoitiers.GestaGuillelmi II.1 (1066)
Army-raising (1)
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Events of 1066 (MS D): Earl Tosti 2 came from overseas into the Isle of Wight with as large a fleet as he could muster, and both money and provisions were given him. And King Harold 3 and his brother assembled a naval force and a land force larger than any king had assembled before in this country, because he had been told that William 1 the Bastard [Wyllelm Bastard] meant to come here and subdue this country. This was exactly what happened afterwards. Meanwhile Earl Tosti 2 came into the Humber with 60 ships and Earl Edwin 33 came with a land force and drove him out, and the sailors deserted him. And he went to Scotland with 12 small vessels, and there Harald 5, king of Norway, met him with 300 ships, and Tosti 2 submitted to him and became his vassal [him to beah 7 his man wearth]; and they both went up the Humber until they reached York. And there Earl Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 his brother fought against them; but the Norwegians had the victory. Harold 3, king of the English, was informed that things had gone thus; and the fight was on the Vigil of St Matthew [20 September]. Then Harold 3 our king came upon the Norwegians by surprise and met them beyond York at Stamford Bridge with a large force of the English people; and that day there was a very fierce fight on both sides. There was killed Harald 5 Fairhair [Harfagera recte Hardrada] and Earl Tosti 2, and the Norwegians who survived took to flight; and the English attacked them fiercely as they pursued them until some got to the ships. Some were drowned, and some burned, and some destroyed in various ways so that few survived and the English remained in command of the field. The king gave quarter to Olaf 8 [Olafe], son of the Norse king [Norna cyng], and their bishop [Anonymous 10021] and the earl of Orkney [Anonymous 10022]and all those who survived on the ships, and they went up to our king and swore oaths that they would always keep peace and friendship with this country; and the king let them go home with 24 ships. These two pitched battles were fought within five nights. Then Count William 1 came from Normandy to Pevensey on Michaelmas eve, and as soon as they were able to move on they built a castle at Hastings. King Harold 3 was informed of this and he assembled a large army and came against him at the hoary apple-tree. And William 1 came against him by surprise before his army was drawn up in battle array. But the king nevertheless fought hard against him, with the men who were willing to support him, and there were heavy casualties on both sides. There King Harold 3 was killed and Earl Leofwine 69 his brother, and Earl Gyrth 1 his brother, and many good men, and the French remained masters of the field, even as God granted it to them because of the sins of the people. Archbishop Ealdred 37 and the citizens of London wanted to have Edgar 14 Cild [Edgar 14 Cild] as king, as was his proper due; and Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 promised him that they would fight on his side; but always the more it ought to have been forward the more it got behind, and the worse it grew from day to day, exactly as everything came to be at the end. The battle took place on the festival of Calixtus the pope [14 October]. And Count William 1 went back to Hastings and waited there to see whether submission would be made to him. But when he understood that no one meant to come to him, he went inland with all his army that was left to him, and that came to him afterwards from overseas, and ravaged all the region that he overran until he reached Berkhampstead. There he was met by Archbishop Ealdred 37 and Edgar 14 Cild, and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3, and all the chief men [betstan men] of London. And they submitted out of necessity after most damage had been done – and it was a great piece of folly that they had not done it earlier, since God would not make things better, because of our sins. And they gave hostages and swore oaths to him, and he promised them that he would be a gracious lord, and yet in the meantime they ravaged all that they overran. Then on Christmas day Archbishop Ealdred 37 consecrated him king at Westminster. And he promised Ealdred 37 on Christ’s book and swore moreover (before Ealdred 37 would place the crown on his head) that he would rule all this people as well as the best of the kings before him, if they would be loyal to him. All the same he laid taxes on people very severely, and then went in spring overseas to Normandy, and took with him Archbishop Stigand 1, and Æthelnoth 46, abbot of Glastonbury, and Edgar 14 Cild and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3 and Earl Waltheof 2 and many other good men from England. And Bishop Odo 3 and Earl William 2 stayed behind and built castles far and wide throughout this country, and distressed the wretched folk, and always after that it grew much worse. May the end be good when God wills!: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 D 1066 (1066)
Ascetic practices/fasting/resisting temptation (1)
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Stigand 1.deposition: William 1 duke of Normandy came to England and subdued the country by force for arms. He spread the terror of his name far and wide by winning the battle of Hastings and receiving the surrender of Dover Castle, and then came to London. There, Stigand 1 and the most powerful of the English came out to show their support; after negotiations, William 1 received him as father and archbishop, while Stigand 1 received William 1 as king and son. But the king drew the line at receiving the crown from his hand, with his customary ingenuity arranging for people to forbid it in the pope’s name. Soon afterwards, he sailed over to Normandy, and took with him the reluctant Stigand 1 under a show of Honouring him, for he wanted to make sure the archbishop’s influence did not cause any emergence of treason in his absence. It is difficult to exaggerate the civilities he showed Stigand 1: he rose to his feet to do him honour on every occasion, and made sure he was welcomed by long and elaborate processions in every see and abbey of Normandy. But what lay behind this façade was revealed when there arrived in England Ermenfrid 1, bishop of Sion and Pope Alexander 1’s legate. At the king’s instance he summoned a council and deposed Stigand 1, though he called on William 1 to keep faith with him and protested that he was being subjected to violence. The king made smooth excuses, citing the pope’s command, but he did not efface the impression that he had engineered the deposition, for he kept Stigand 1 in prison at Winchester for the rest of his life. Stigand 1 lived a simple life there; the public purse provided little, and Stigand 1, with his innate obstinacy, refused to have anything brought in from his own estates. Indeed when his friends, especially Eadgyth 3, King Edward 15’s widow, urged him to dress and eat less austerely, he swore by everything sacred a false oath that he had not a penny to his name. That this oath had no basis in truth was proved by the vast riches found after his death in underground caves. They were given away by a key hanging round the neck of the dead man. This turned lock of his private chest, and the records thus disclosed revealed the types of metals he owned, and their weights.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum i.23.5-8
Assembly (2)
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Edward 15.trial of Godwine 51: Edward 15 believed the accusations of Robert 5 against Godwine 51, and all the nobles and earls from the whole of Britain assembled in the royal palace of Gloucester; and there, after Edward 15 had complained of all these things, he guiltless earl [Godwine 51] was formally charged with [killing of Alfred 54 and plotting against the king's life]. Godwine 51 asked through messengers for the king's peace, and offered to purge himself by ordeal of the crime with which he had been charged. Edward 15 refused. Gathered there were Siweard 11, Earl Leofric 49, and Ælfgar 46. And after they had all struggled in vain to get the foul charge put to the ordeal, the royal court moved from that palace to London. The earl [Godwine 51] too, guiltless and trusting in his conscience, which was for ever clear of such a crime, approached it with his men from the other side, and took up position outside the walls of that city on the River Thames, on a manor that belonged to him. From here he again sent messengers and showed himself in every way ready to satisfy the king in accordance to the law or beyond it. Whereupon by the efforts of Stigand 1, bishop of Winchester, the day of judgment was postponed. Meanwhile Archbishop Robert 5 stood fiercely in the way of the earl, and at length at his instigation there was declared by the king against the earl this insoluble judgment: that he could hope for the king's peace only when Godwine 51 gave him back his brother [Alfred 54] alive together with all his men and all their possessions.: Anon.VitaEdwardiRegis I.3
Godwine 51.events of 1052 (MS E): The king and his council decided that ships should be sent to Sandwich, and they appointed Earl Ralph 1 and Earl Odda 8 as their captains [heafodmannum]. Then Earl Godwine 51 went out from Bruges with his ships to the Isere, and put out to sea a day before the eve of the midsummer festival, so that he came to Dungeness, which is south of Romney. Then it came to the knowledge of the earls out at Sandwich, and they then went out in pursuit of the other ships, and a land force was called out against the ships. Then meanwhile Earl Godwine 51 was warned; and he went to Pevensey, and the storm became so violent that the earls could not find out what had happened to Earl Godwine 51. And then Earl Godwine 51 put out again so that he got back to Bruges, and the other ships went back again to Sandwich. Then it was decided that the ships should go back again to London, and that other earls and other oarsmen [hasæta] should be appointed to them. But there was so long a delay that the naval expedition was quite abandoned and all the men went home. Earl Godwine 51 found out about this and hoisted his sail – and so did his fleet – and they went westward direct to the Isle of Wight and there landed, and ravaged there so long that the people paid them as much as they imposed on them, and then they went westward until they came to Portland and landed there, and did whatever damage they could. Then Harold 3 had come from Ireland with 9 ships, and he landed at Porlock, and there was a great force gathered there to oppose him, but he did not hesitate to obtain provisions for himself, and he landed and killed a great part of the force that opposed him, and seized for himself what came his way in cattle, men, and property; and then he went east to his father, and they both went eastward until they came to the Isle of Wight, and there took what they had left behind them. Then they went on to Pevensey and took with them as many ships as were serviceable and so proceeded to Dungeness. And he took all the ships that were at Romney and Hythe and Folkestone, and then they went east to Dover and landed and seized ships for themselves and as many hostages as they wished. So they came to Sandwich and there they did exactly the same, and everywhere they were given hostages and provisions wherever they asked for them. They went on to Northmouth [Kentish Stour] and so towards London, and some of the ships went within Sheppey and did much damage there, and they went to Milton Regis and burnt it down to the ground. Thus they proceeded on their way to London in pursuit of the earls. When they came to London the king and earls were all lying there with 50 ships ready to meet them. Then the earls sent to the king and asked him legally to return to them all those things of which they had been unjustly deprived. But the king refused for some time – for so long that the men who were with the earl were so incensed against the king and against his men that the earl himself had difficulty calming those men. Then Bishop Stigand 1 with the help of God went there and the wise men both inside the city and without, and they decided that hostages should be arranged for on both sides. And so it was done. Then Archbishop Robert 5 found out about this, and the Frenchmen, so that they took horses and departed, some west to Pentecost’s castle, and some north to Robert 5’s castle. And Archbishop Robert 5 and Bishop Ulf 13 and their companions went out at the east gate and killed or otherwise injured many young men, and went right on to Eadulfesness [The Naze, Essex], and he there got on board a broken-down ship, and went right on overseas, and left behind him his pallium and all the Church in this country. This was God’s will, in that he had obtained the dignity when it was not God’s will. Then a big council was summoned outside London, and all the earls and the chief men who were in the country were at the council. Then Earl Godwine 51 expounded his case, and cleared himself before King Edward 15, his lord [hlaford], and before all his country-men, declaring that he was guiltless of the charges brought against him, and against Harold 3 his son and all his children. Then the king granted the earl and his children his full friendship and full status as an earl, and all that he had had. And all the men who were with him were treated likewise. And the king gave the lady [Eadgyth 3] all that she had had. And Archbishop Robert 5 was declared utterly an outlaw, and all the Frenchmen too, because they were most responsible for the disagreement between Earl Godwine 51 and the king.
: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 E 1052 (1052)
Battle (2)
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Events of 1066 (MS D): Earl Tosti 2 came from overseas into the Isle of Wight with as large a fleet as he could muster, and both money and provisions were given him. And King Harold 3 and his brother assembled a naval force and a land force larger than any king had assembled before in this country, because he had been told that William 1 the Bastard [Wyllelm Bastard] meant to come here and subdue this country. This was exactly what happened afterwards. Meanwhile Earl Tosti 2 came into the Humber with 60 ships and Earl Edwin 33 came with a land force and drove him out, and the sailors deserted him. And he went to Scotland with 12 small vessels, and there Harald 5, king of Norway, met him with 300 ships, and Tosti 2 submitted to him and became his vassal [him to beah 7 his man wearth]; and they both went up the Humber until they reached York. And there Earl Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 his brother fought against them; but the Norwegians had the victory. Harold 3, king of the English, was informed that things had gone thus; and the fight was on the Vigil of St Matthew [20 September]. Then Harold 3 our king came upon the Norwegians by surprise and met them beyond York at Stamford Bridge with a large force of the English people; and that day there was a very fierce fight on both sides. There was killed Harald 5 Fairhair [Harfagera recte Hardrada] and Earl Tosti 2, and the Norwegians who survived took to flight; and the English attacked them fiercely as they pursued them until some got to the ships. Some were drowned, and some burned, and some destroyed in various ways so that few survived and the English remained in command of the field. The king gave quarter to Olaf 8 [Olafe], son of the Norse king [Norna cyng], and their bishop [Anonymous 10021] and the earl of Orkney [Anonymous 10022]and all those who survived on the ships, and they went up to our king and swore oaths that they would always keep peace and friendship with this country; and the king let them go home with 24 ships. These two pitched battles were fought within five nights. Then Count William 1 came from Normandy to Pevensey on Michaelmas eve, and as soon as they were able to move on they built a castle at Hastings. King Harold 3 was informed of this and he assembled a large army and came against him at the hoary apple-tree. And William 1 came against him by surprise before his army was drawn up in battle array. But the king nevertheless fought hard against him, with the men who were willing to support him, and there were heavy casualties on both sides. There King Harold 3 was killed and Earl Leofwine 69 his brother, and Earl Gyrth 1 his brother, and many good men, and the French remained masters of the field, even as God granted it to them because of the sins of the people. Archbishop Ealdred 37 and the citizens of London wanted to have Edgar 14 Cild [Edgar 14 Cild] as king, as was his proper due; and Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 promised him that they would fight on his side; but always the more it ought to have been forward the more it got behind, and the worse it grew from day to day, exactly as everything came to be at the end. The battle took place on the festival of Calixtus the pope [14 October]. And Count William 1 went back to Hastings and waited there to see whether submission would be made to him. But when he understood that no one meant to come to him, he went inland with all his army that was left to him, and that came to him afterwards from overseas, and ravaged all the region that he overran until he reached Berkhampstead. There he was met by Archbishop Ealdred 37 and Edgar 14 Cild, and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3, and all the chief men [betstan men] of London. And they submitted out of necessity after most damage had been done – and it was a great piece of folly that they had not done it earlier, since God would not make things better, because of our sins. And they gave hostages and swore oaths to him, and he promised them that he would be a gracious lord, and yet in the meantime they ravaged all that they overran. Then on Christmas day Archbishop Ealdred 37 consecrated him king at Westminster. And he promised Ealdred 37 on Christ’s book and swore moreover (before Ealdred 37 would place the crown on his head) that he would rule all this people as well as the best of the kings before him, if they would be loyal to him. All the same he laid taxes on people very severely, and then went in spring overseas to Normandy, and took with him Archbishop Stigand 1, and Æthelnoth 46, abbot of Glastonbury, and Edgar 14 Cild and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3 and Earl Waltheof 2 and many other good men from England. And Bishop Odo 3 and Earl William 2 stayed behind and built castles far and wide throughout this country, and distressed the wretched folk, and always after that it grew much worse. May the end be good when God wills!: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 D 1066 (1066)
Stigand 1.threatening William 1 with battle: Stigand 1... was threatening [William 1] with battle together with the sons of Ælfgar 46, [Edwin 33] and [Morcar 3], together with other nobles.: WilliamofPoitiers.GestaGuillelmi II.28
Bequeathing/will-making (11)
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Beorhtmær 17.bequeathing land to Canterbury, Christ Church: Beorhtmær 17 of Gracechurch (London) to Christ Church, Canterbury; grant of reversion of land (at Gracechurch) with All Hallows Church, after the death of his wife, Eadgifu 19, and his sons, Eadmær 13 and Æthelwine 50. : S1234 (1052 x 1070)
Ketel 4.bequeathing land: From Ketel 4's will: 'And I grant the estate at Frating according to the agreement which you yourself and Archbishop Stigand 1 my lord made.': S1519 (1052 x 1066)
Ketel 4.bequeathing to Stigand 1: From Ketel 4's will: 'And I grant to Archbishop Stigand 1, my lord, the estate at Harling just as it stands, except that the men shall al be free, and that I grant ten acres to the church. And if I do not come back again, I grant to him as my heriot a helmet and a coat of mail and a horse with harness and a sword and a spear.': S1519 (1052 x 1066)
Ketel 4.will: Will of Ketel 4, including bequests of land at Sisted, Essex, to Christ Church, Canterbury; at Harling, Norfolk, to Archbishop Stigand 1; the reversion of land at Great Melton, Norfolk, to St Benedict's at Holme and at Thorpe near Fundenhall, Norfolk, to Bury St Edmund's, after the deaths of Ketel 4 and his uncle, Wulfric 74; land at Ketteringham, Norfolk, to his sister Bote 1, if she outlive him (if not, he is to have the land at Somerledetone [Somerton or Somerleyton, Suffolk]); land at Walsingham in East Carlton, Norfolk, to his sister Gode 4, if she outlive him (if not, he is to have the land at Preston, Suffolk); land at Hainford, Norfolk, and Coggeshall, Essex, to his brother Godric 35, and also land at Strattune (? Stratton Strawless, Norfolk), on payment of two pounds to Ælfwig 24, Ketel 4's servant; the reversion of land at Onehouse, Suffolk, to Bury St Edmunds, after the deaths of Ketel 4 and his stepdaughter, Ælfgifu 22; the half estate at Moran, Norfolk, to Earl Harold 3; land at Frating, Essex, according to an agreement made by (? Earl Harold 3) and Archbishop Stigand 1; land at Rushford, Suffolk, to Ælfric 140, his priest and kinsman.: S1519 (1052 x 1066)
S1029 - Edward 15 confirming land for Peterborough 1: King Edward 15 to Peterborough 1 Abbey; confirmation of land at Fiskerton, Lincs., bequeathed to the abbey by Leofgifu 3, a woman of London, but claimed by Queen Eadgyth 3.: S1029 (1060)
S1059 - Edward 15 confirming agreement for Peterborough 1: King Edward 15 to Peterborough 1 Abbey; confirmation of an agreement concerning land at Scotton, Scotter and Manton, Lincs., acquired by the monk Brand 5 leased Scotton and Scotter to Asketil 2 for an annual money-payment. In return for a life tenure on Manton, Asketil 2 undertook to bequeath an estate at Thorp (Ravensthorpe) to Brand 5.: S1059 (1061 x 1066)
S1153 - writ of Edward 15 in favour of Winchester, Old Minster: Writ of King Edward 15 declaring that he has confirmed his mother's [Emma 2] bequest to the monks of Old Minster of a messuage (haga) called Ælfrices Godebegeaton in Winchester, which she held by the gift of King Æthelred 32 (cf. S 925), and of 10 hides on Hayling Island, Hants.: S1153 (1052 x 1053)
S1154 - writ of Edward 15 in favour of Winchester, Old Minster: Writ of King Edward 15 declaring that he has bequeathed Portland, Dorset, and everything belonging thereto to the Old Minster at Winchester.: S1154 (1053 x 1066)
Thurstan 9.bequeathing to Edward 15 and others: From Thurstan 9's will: 'I grant to my royal lord [Edward 15] as heriot two marks of gold and two horses with trappings, and a helmet and a coat of mail and a sword and two shields and two spears. And I desire that the estate at Bidicheseye shall be sold, and that two marks of gold shall be taken from that estate for the King's heriot; and Earl Harold 3 [is to receive] half a mark of gold, and Bishop Stigand 1 half a mark of gold, and my partner [Anonymous 10073] one mark of gold; and one mark of gold [is to be given] to his child, Thorth 4's brother [Anonymous 10074], and one mark of gold to Sendi Arfast 1. And what is left over, the heirs are to distribute it for the sake of his soul in his partner's witness, except that the outermost mill is to go to St Æthelburg's at Barking.': S1531 (1043 x 1045)
Thurstan 9.will: Will of Thurstan 9.: S1531 (1043 x 1045)
Wulfgeat 14-wife.bequeathing land to Bury St Edmunds: Here is declared in this document the agreement that Wulfgeat 14 and his wife [Anonymous 10079] have made with the abbot and all the community at Bury St Edmunds, namely that they shall take the estate at Gislingham, on condition that it shall pass to St Edmunds after the death of Ælfwine 72 and his wife [Anonymous 10080]. And the estate at Fakenham, as fully and completely as Wulfgeat 14 possesses it, shall pass without any controversy to St Edmunds after the death of both of them. There are three of these documents. Wulfgeat 14 himself has one, the second is at Bury St Edmunds, Bishop Stigand 1 has the third.: S1470 (1043 x 1047)
Betrayal/oath-breaking (2)
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Harold 3.king: Harold 3 did not wait for a public election, but on the day of Edward 15 was buried he violated his oath and seized the royal throne; Stigand 1 consecrated him. : WilliamofPoitiers.GestaGuillelmi II.1 (1066)
Stigand 1.homage to William 1: Stigand 1 the archbishop, coming to William 1 to Wallingford, did homage to him, confirmed his fealty with an oath, and renounced [Edgar 14] the Ætheling, whom he had elected without due consideration.: WilliamofPoitiers.GestaGuillelmi II.28
Burh - building (1)
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Events of 1066 (MS D): Earl Tosti 2 came from overseas into the Isle of Wight with as large a fleet as he could muster, and both money and provisions were given him. And King Harold 3 and his brother assembled a naval force and a land force larger than any king had assembled before in this country, because he had been told that William 1 the Bastard [Wyllelm Bastard] meant to come here and subdue this country. This was exactly what happened afterwards. Meanwhile Earl Tosti 2 came into the Humber with 60 ships and Earl Edwin 33 came with a land force and drove him out, and the sailors deserted him. And he went to Scotland with 12 small vessels, and there Harald 5, king of Norway, met him with 300 ships, and Tosti 2 submitted to him and became his vassal [him to beah 7 his man wearth]; and they both went up the Humber until they reached York. And there Earl Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 his brother fought against them; but the Norwegians had the victory. Harold 3, king of the English, was informed that things had gone thus; and the fight was on the Vigil of St Matthew [20 September]. Then Harold 3 our king came upon the Norwegians by surprise and met them beyond York at Stamford Bridge with a large force of the English people; and that day there was a very fierce fight on both sides. There was killed Harald 5 Fairhair [Harfagera recte Hardrada] and Earl Tosti 2, and the Norwegians who survived took to flight; and the English attacked them fiercely as they pursued them until some got to the ships. Some were drowned, and some burned, and some destroyed in various ways so that few survived and the English remained in command of the field. The king gave quarter to Olaf 8 [Olafe], son of the Norse king [Norna cyng], and their bishop [Anonymous 10021] and the earl of Orkney [Anonymous 10022]and all those who survived on the ships, and they went up to our king and swore oaths that they would always keep peace and friendship with this country; and the king let them go home with 24 ships. These two pitched battles were fought within five nights. Then Count William 1 came from Normandy to Pevensey on Michaelmas eve, and as soon as they were able to move on they built a castle at Hastings. King Harold 3 was informed of this and he assembled a large army and came against him at the hoary apple-tree. And William 1 came against him by surprise before his army was drawn up in battle array. But the king nevertheless fought hard against him, with the men who were willing to support him, and there were heavy casualties on both sides. There King Harold 3 was killed and Earl Leofwine 69 his brother, and Earl Gyrth 1 his brother, and many good men, and the French remained masters of the field, even as God granted it to them because of the sins of the people. Archbishop Ealdred 37 and the citizens of London wanted to have Edgar 14 Cild [Edgar 14 Cild] as king, as was his proper due; and Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 promised him that they would fight on his side; but always the more it ought to have been forward the more it got behind, and the worse it grew from day to day, exactly as everything came to be at the end. The battle took place on the festival of Calixtus the pope [14 October]. And Count William 1 went back to Hastings and waited there to see whether submission would be made to him. But when he understood that no one meant to come to him, he went inland with all his army that was left to him, and that came to him afterwards from overseas, and ravaged all the region that he overran until he reached Berkhampstead. There he was met by Archbishop Ealdred 37 and Edgar 14 Cild, and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3, and all the chief men [betstan men] of London. And they submitted out of necessity after most damage had been done – and it was a great piece of folly that they had not done it earlier, since God would not make things better, because of our sins. And they gave hostages and swore oaths to him, and he promised them that he would be a gracious lord, and yet in the meantime they ravaged all that they overran. Then on Christmas day Archbishop Ealdred 37 consecrated him king at Westminster. And he promised Ealdred 37 on Christ’s book and swore moreover (before Ealdred 37 would place the crown on his head) that he would rule all this people as well as the best of the kings before him, if they would be loyal to him. All the same he laid taxes on people very severely, and then went in spring overseas to Normandy, and took with him Archbishop Stigand 1, and Æthelnoth 46, abbot of Glastonbury, and Edgar 14 Cild and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3 and Earl Waltheof 2 and many other good men from England. And Bishop Odo 3 and Earl William 2 stayed behind and built castles far and wide throughout this country, and distressed the wretched folk, and always after that it grew much worse. May the end be good when God wills!: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 D 1066 (1066)
Burh - capture (1)
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Stigand 1.deposition: William 1 duke of Normandy came to England and subdued the country by force for arms. He spread the terror of his name far and wide by winning the battle of Hastings and receiving the surrender of Dover Castle, and then came to London. There, Stigand 1 and the most powerful of the English came out to show their support; after negotiations, William 1 received him as father and archbishop, while Stigand 1 received William 1 as king and son. But the king drew the line at receiving the crown from his hand, with his customary ingenuity arranging for people to forbid it in the pope’s name. Soon afterwards, he sailed over to Normandy, and took with him the reluctant Stigand 1 under a show of Honouring him, for he wanted to make sure the archbishop’s influence did not cause any emergence of treason in his absence. It is difficult to exaggerate the civilities he showed Stigand 1: he rose to his feet to do him honour on every occasion, and made sure he was welcomed by long and elaborate processions in every see and abbey of Normandy. But what lay behind this façade was revealed when there arrived in England Ermenfrid 1, bishop of Sion and Pope Alexander 1’s legate. At the king’s instance he summoned a council and deposed Stigand 1, though he called on William 1 to keep faith with him and protested that he was being subjected to violence. The king made smooth excuses, citing the pope’s command, but he did not efface the impression that he had engineered the deposition, for he kept Stigand 1 in prison at Winchester for the rest of his life. Stigand 1 lived a simple life there; the public purse provided little, and Stigand 1, with his innate obstinacy, refused to have anything brought in from his own estates. Indeed when his friends, especially Eadgyth 3, King Edward 15’s widow, urged him to dress and eat less austerely, he swore by everything sacred a false oath that he had not a penny to his name. That this oath had no basis in truth was proved by the vast riches found after his death in underground caves. They were given away by a key hanging round the neck of the dead man. This turned lock of his private chest, and the records thus disclosed revealed the types of metals he owned, and their weights.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum i.23.5-8
Burning (4)
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Events of 1066 (MS D): Earl Tosti 2 came from overseas into the Isle of Wight with as large a fleet as he could muster, and both money and provisions were given him. And King Harold 3 and his brother assembled a naval force and a land force larger than any king had assembled before in this country, because he had been told that William 1 the Bastard [Wyllelm Bastard] meant to come here and subdue this country. This was exactly what happened afterwards. Meanwhile Earl Tosti 2 came into the Humber with 60 ships and Earl Edwin 33 came with a land force and drove him out, and the sailors deserted him. And he went to Scotland with 12 small vessels, and there Harald 5, king of Norway, met him with 300 ships, and Tosti 2 submitted to him and became his vassal [him to beah 7 his man wearth]; and they both went up the Humber until they reached York. And there Earl Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 his brother fought against them; but the Norwegians had the victory. Harold 3, king of the English, was informed that things had gone thus; and the fight was on the Vigil of St Matthew [20 September]. Then Harold 3 our king came upon the Norwegians by surprise and met them beyond York at Stamford Bridge with a large force of the English people; and that day there was a very fierce fight on both sides. There was killed Harald 5 Fairhair [Harfagera recte Hardrada] and Earl Tosti 2, and the Norwegians who survived took to flight; and the English attacked them fiercely as they pursued them until some got to the ships. Some were drowned, and some burned, and some destroyed in various ways so that few survived and the English remained in command of the field. The king gave quarter to Olaf 8 [Olafe], son of the Norse king [Norna cyng], and their bishop [Anonymous 10021] and the earl of Orkney [Anonymous 10022]and all those who survived on the ships, and they went up to our king and swore oaths that they would always keep peace and friendship with this country; and the king let them go home with 24 ships. These two pitched battles were fought within five nights. Then Count William 1 came from Normandy to Pevensey on Michaelmas eve, and as soon as they were able to move on they built a castle at Hastings. King Harold 3 was informed of this and he assembled a large army and came against him at the hoary apple-tree. And William 1 came against him by surprise before his army was drawn up in battle array. But the king nevertheless fought hard against him, with the men who were willing to support him, and there were heavy casualties on both sides. There King Harold 3 was killed and Earl Leofwine 69 his brother, and Earl Gyrth 1 his brother, and many good men, and the French remained masters of the field, even as God granted it to them because of the sins of the people. Archbishop Ealdred 37 and the citizens of London wanted to have Edgar 14 Cild [Edgar 14 Cild] as king, as was his proper due; and Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 promised him that they would fight on his side; but always the more it ought to have been forward the more it got behind, and the worse it grew from day to day, exactly as everything came to be at the end. The battle took place on the festival of Calixtus the pope [14 October]. And Count William 1 went back to Hastings and waited there to see whether submission would be made to him. But when he understood that no one meant to come to him, he went inland with all his army that was left to him, and that came to him afterwards from overseas, and ravaged all the region that he overran until he reached Berkhampstead. There he was met by Archbishop Ealdred 37 and Edgar 14 Cild, and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3, and all the chief men [betstan men] of London. And they submitted out of necessity after most damage had been done – and it was a great piece of folly that they had not done it earlier, since God would not make things better, because of our sins. And they gave hostages and swore oaths to him, and he promised them that he would be a gracious lord, and yet in the meantime they ravaged all that they overran. Then on Christmas day Archbishop Ealdred 37 consecrated him king at Westminster. And he promised Ealdred 37 on Christ’s book and swore moreover (before Ealdred 37 would place the crown on his head) that he would rule all this people as well as the best of the kings before him, if they would be loyal to him. All the same he laid taxes on people very severely, and then went in spring overseas to Normandy, and took with him Archbishop Stigand 1, and Æthelnoth 46, abbot of Glastonbury, and Edgar 14 Cild and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3 and Earl Waltheof 2 and many other good men from England. And Bishop Odo 3 and Earl William 2 stayed behind and built castles far and wide throughout this country, and distressed the wretched folk, and always after that it grew much worse. May the end be good when God wills!: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 D 1066 (1066)
Godwine 51.events of 1052 (MS E): The king and his council decided that ships should be sent to Sandwich, and they appointed Earl Ralph 1 and Earl Odda 8 as their captains [heafodmannum]. Then Earl Godwine 51 went out from Bruges with his ships to the Isere, and put out to sea a day before the eve of the midsummer festival, so that he came to Dungeness, which is south of Romney. Then it came to the knowledge of the earls out at Sandwich, and they then went out in pursuit of the other ships, and a land force was called out against the ships. Then meanwhile Earl Godwine 51 was warned; and he went to Pevensey, and the storm became so violent that the earls could not find out what had happened to Earl Godwine 51. And then Earl Godwine 51 put out again so that he got back to Bruges, and the other ships went back again to Sandwich. Then it was decided that the ships should go back again to London, and that other earls and other oarsmen [hasæta] should be appointed to them. But there was so long a delay that the naval expedition was quite abandoned and all the men went home. Earl Godwine 51 found out about this and hoisted his sail – and so did his fleet – and they went westward direct to the Isle of Wight and there landed, and ravaged there so long that the people paid them as much as they imposed on them, and then they went westward until they came to Portland and landed there, and did whatever damage they could. Then Harold 3 had come from Ireland with 9 ships, and he landed at Porlock, and there was a great force gathered there to oppose him, but he did not hesitate to obtain provisions for himself, and he landed and killed a great part of the force that opposed him, and seized for himself what came his way in cattle, men, and property; and then he went east to his father, and they both went eastward until they came to the Isle of Wight, and there took what they had left behind them. Then they went on to Pevensey and took with them as many ships as were serviceable and so proceeded to Dungeness. And he took all the ships that were at Romney and Hythe and Folkestone, and then they went east to Dover and landed and seized ships for themselves and as many hostages as they wished. So they came to Sandwich and there they did exactly the same, and everywhere they were given hostages and provisions wherever they asked for them. They went on to Northmouth [Kentish Stour] and so towards London, and some of the ships went within Sheppey and did much damage there, and they went to Milton Regis and burnt it down to the ground. Thus they proceeded on their way to London in pursuit of the earls. When they came to London the king and earls were all lying there with 50 ships ready to meet them. Then the earls sent to the king and asked him legally to return to them all those things of which they had been unjustly deprived. But the king refused for some time – for so long that the men who were with the earl were so incensed against the king and against his men that the earl himself had difficulty calming those men. Then Bishop Stigand 1 with the help of God went there and the wise men both inside the city and without, and they decided that hostages should be arranged for on both sides. And so it was done. Then Archbishop Robert 5 found out about this, and the Frenchmen, so that they took horses and departed, some west to Pentecost’s castle, and some north to Robert 5’s castle. And Archbishop Robert 5 and Bishop Ulf 13 and their companions went out at the east gate and killed or otherwise injured many young men, and went right on to Eadulfesness [The Naze, Essex], and he there got on board a broken-down ship, and went right on overseas, and left behind him his pallium and all the Church in this country. This was God’s will, in that he had obtained the dignity when it was not God’s will. Then a big council was summoned outside London, and all the earls and the chief men who were in the country were at the council. Then Earl Godwine 51 expounded his case, and cleared himself before King Edward 15, his lord [hlaford], and before all his country-men, declaring that he was guiltless of the charges brought against him, and against Harold 3 his son and all his children. Then the king granted the earl and his children his full friendship and full status as an earl, and all that he had had. And all the men who were with him were treated likewise. And the king gave the lady [Eadgyth 3] all that she had had. And Archbishop Robert 5 was declared utterly an outlaw, and all the Frenchmen too, because they were most responsible for the disagreement between Earl Godwine 51 and the king.
: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 E 1052 (1052)
Harold 3.king: Harold 3 did not wait for a public election, but on the day of Edward 15 was buried he violated his oath and seized the royal throne; Stigand 1 consecrated him. : WilliamofPoitiers.GestaGuillelmi II.1 (1066)
William 1.journey to Normandy in 1067 with leading Englishmen: MS D (1066): King William 1 went in spring overseas to Normandy, and took with him Archbishop Stigand 1, and Æthelnoth 46, abbot of Glastonbury, and Edgar 14 Cild and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3 and Earl Waltheof 2 and many other good men from England.
MS D (1067): This year the king came back to England on St Nicholas's day [6 December]. And that day Christ Church was burnt down.
MS E (1067): In this year the king went overseas and took with him hostages and money and came back the next year on St Nicholas’s day [6 December]. And that day Christ Church at Canterbury was burnt down.: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 D 1066, 1067; E 1067 (1067)
Campaigning (2)
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Events of 1066 (MS D): Earl Tosti 2 came from overseas into the Isle of Wight with as large a fleet as he could muster, and both money and provisions were given him. And King Harold 3 and his brother assembled a naval force and a land force larger than any king had assembled before in this country, because he had been told that William 1 the Bastard [Wyllelm Bastard] meant to come here and subdue this country. This was exactly what happened afterwards. Meanwhile Earl Tosti 2 came into the Humber with 60 ships and Earl Edwin 33 came with a land force and drove him out, and the sailors deserted him. And he went to Scotland with 12 small vessels, and there Harald 5, king of Norway, met him with 300 ships, and Tosti 2 submitted to him and became his vassal [him to beah 7 his man wearth]; and they both went up the Humber until they reached York. And there Earl Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 his brother fought against them; but the Norwegians had the victory. Harold 3, king of the English, was informed that things had gone thus; and the fight was on the Vigil of St Matthew [20 September]. Then Harold 3 our king came upon the Norwegians by surprise and met them beyond York at Stamford Bridge with a large force of the English people; and that day there was a very fierce fight on both sides. There was killed Harald 5 Fairhair [Harfagera recte Hardrada] and Earl Tosti 2, and the Norwegians who survived took to flight; and the English attacked them fiercely as they pursued them until some got to the ships. Some were drowned, and some burned, and some destroyed in various ways so that few survived and the English remained in command of the field. The king gave quarter to Olaf 8 [Olafe], son of the Norse king [Norna cyng], and their bishop [Anonymous 10021] and the earl of Orkney [Anonymous 10022]and all those who survived on the ships, and they went up to our king and swore oaths that they would always keep peace and friendship with this country; and the king let them go home with 24 ships. These two pitched battles were fought within five nights. Then Count William 1 came from Normandy to Pevensey on Michaelmas eve, and as soon as they were able to move on they built a castle at Hastings. King Harold 3 was informed of this and he assembled a large army and came against him at the hoary apple-tree. And William 1 came against him by surprise before his army was drawn up in battle array. But the king nevertheless fought hard against him, with the men who were willing to support him, and there were heavy casualties on both sides. There King Harold 3 was killed and Earl Leofwine 69 his brother, and Earl Gyrth 1 his brother, and many good men, and the French remained masters of the field, even as God granted it to them because of the sins of the people. Archbishop Ealdred 37 and the citizens of London wanted to have Edgar 14 Cild [Edgar 14 Cild] as king, as was his proper due; and Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 promised him that they would fight on his side; but always the more it ought to have been forward the more it got behind, and the worse it grew from day to day, exactly as everything came to be at the end. The battle took place on the festival of Calixtus the pope [14 October]. And Count William 1 went back to Hastings and waited there to see whether submission would be made to him. But when he understood that no one meant to come to him, he went inland with all his army that was left to him, and that came to him afterwards from overseas, and ravaged all the region that he overran until he reached Berkhampstead. There he was met by Archbishop Ealdred 37 and Edgar 14 Cild, and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3, and all the chief men [betstan men] of London. And they submitted out of necessity after most damage had been done – and it was a great piece of folly that they had not done it earlier, since God would not make things better, because of our sins. And they gave hostages and swore oaths to him, and he promised them that he would be a gracious lord, and yet in the meantime they ravaged all that they overran. Then on Christmas day Archbishop Ealdred 37 consecrated him king at Westminster. And he promised Ealdred 37 on Christ’s book and swore moreover (before Ealdred 37 would place the crown on his head) that he would rule all this people as well as the best of the kings before him, if they would be loyal to him. All the same he laid taxes on people very severely, and then went in spring overseas to Normandy, and took with him Archbishop Stigand 1, and Æthelnoth 46, abbot of Glastonbury, and Edgar 14 Cild and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3 and Earl Waltheof 2 and many other good men from England. And Bishop Odo 3 and Earl William 2 stayed behind and built castles far and wide throughout this country, and distressed the wretched folk, and always after that it grew much worse. May the end be good when God wills!: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 D 1066 (1066)
Godwine 51.events of 1052 (MS E): The king and his council decided that ships should be sent to Sandwich, and they appointed Earl Ralph 1 and Earl Odda 8 as their captains [heafodmannum]. Then Earl Godwine 51 went out from Bruges with his ships to the Isere, and put out to sea a day before the eve of the midsummer festival, so that he came to Dungeness, which is south of Romney. Then it came to the knowledge of the earls out at Sandwich, and they then went out in pursuit of the other ships, and a land force was called out against the ships. Then meanwhile Earl Godwine 51 was warned; and he went to Pevensey, and the storm became so violent that the earls could not find out what had happened to Earl Godwine 51. And then Earl Godwine 51 put out again so that he got back to Bruges, and the other ships went back again to Sandwich. Then it was decided that the ships should go back again to London, and that other earls and other oarsmen [hasæta] should be appointed to them. But there was so long a delay that the naval expedition was quite abandoned and all the men went home. Earl Godwine 51 found out about this and hoisted his sail – and so did his fleet – and they went westward direct to the Isle of Wight and there landed, and ravaged there so long that the people paid them as much as they imposed on them, and then they went westward until they came to Portland and landed there, and did whatever damage they could. Then Harold 3 had come from Ireland with 9 ships, and he landed at Porlock, and there was a great force gathered there to oppose him, but he did not hesitate to obtain provisions for himself, and he landed and killed a great part of the force that opposed him, and seized for himself what came his way in cattle, men, and property; and then he went east to his father, and they both went eastward until they came to the Isle of Wight, and there took what they had left behind them. Then they went on to Pevensey and took with them as many ships as were serviceable and so proceeded to Dungeness. And he took all the ships that were at Romney and Hythe and Folkestone, and then they went east to Dover and landed and seized ships for themselves and as many hostages as they wished. So they came to Sandwich and there they did exactly the same, and everywhere they were given hostages and provisions wherever they asked for them. They went on to Northmouth [Kentish Stour] and so towards London, and some of the ships went within Sheppey and did much damage there, and they went to Milton Regis and burnt it down to the ground. Thus they proceeded on their way to London in pursuit of the earls. When they came to London the king and earls were all lying there with 50 ships ready to meet them. Then the earls sent to the king and asked him legally to return to them all those things of which they had been unjustly deprived. But the king refused for some time – for so long that the men who were with the earl were so incensed against the king and against his men that the earl himself had difficulty calming those men. Then Bishop Stigand 1 with the help of God went there and the wise men both inside the city and without, and they decided that hostages should be arranged for on both sides. And so it was done. Then Archbishop Robert 5 found out about this, and the Frenchmen, so that they took horses and departed, some west to Pentecost’s castle, and some north to Robert 5’s castle. And Archbishop Robert 5 and Bishop Ulf 13 and their companions went out at the east gate and killed or otherwise injured many young men, and went right on to Eadulfesness [The Naze, Essex], and he there got on board a broken-down ship, and went right on overseas, and left behind him his pallium and all the Church in this country. This was God’s will, in that he had obtained the dignity when it was not God’s will. Then a big council was summoned outside London, and all the earls and the chief men who were in the country were at the council. Then Earl Godwine 51 expounded his case, and cleared himself before King Edward 15, his lord [hlaford], and before all his country-men, declaring that he was guiltless of the charges brought against him, and against Harold 3 his son and all his children. Then the king granted the earl and his children his full friendship and full status as an earl, and all that he had had. And all the men who were with him were treated likewise. And the king gave the lady [Eadgyth 3] all that she had had. And Archbishop Robert 5 was declared utterly an outlaw, and all the Frenchmen too, because they were most responsible for the disagreement between Earl Godwine 51 and the king.
: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 E 1052 (1052)
Charter confirmation (1)
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S787 - Edgar 11 granting privileges to Peterborough 1: King Edgar 11 to Peterborough 1 Abbey, with later confirmations, grant of privileges for the abbey and its land at Dogsthorpe, Eye, Paston and Oundle, Northants.; and confirmation of land at Barrow-upon-Humber, Lincs.; Warmington, Ashton, Kettering, Castor, Ailsworth, Walton, Werrington, Eye, and Thorp, Northants.; a mint at Stamford, Lincs.; and half of Whittlesey Mere: S787 (972)
Charter-witnessing (45)
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Bates138 - William 1 consents to Leofric 60's grant to Exeter: King William 1 consents to Bishop Leofric 60 of Exeter’s grant to the church of St Peter of Exeter to supplement the canons’ food of 7 hides (mansi) in Bampton, Aston and Chimney, all in Oxforshire, and Holcombe, Devon, with fields, woods, meadows, cultivated and uncultivated land, profits and revenues, free of all payments, with the exception of military service and the construction and restoration of bridges and towns.: Bates138
Bates181 - William 1 confirming foundation of London, St Martin-le-Grand: King William 1, at Ingelric 1’s request, confirms the foundation of the collegiate church of St Martin-le-Grand, which Ingelric 1 and his brother Eirard 1 had built and endowed within the walls of the city of London out of their own possession.: Bates181 (1068)
Bates254 - William 1 and Matilda 2 granting to Paris, Saint-Denis: King William 1 and Matilda 2 grant the church of Deerhurst, Gloucs., to the abbey of Saint-Denis, as King Edward 15 had given it to Baldwin 5 a monk of Saint-Denis, before he became abbot of Bury St Edmunds. They also confirm King Edward 15's gift of Taynton, Oxfordshire.: Bates254 (1069)
Bates286 - William 1 restoring land to Wells: King William 1, moved by the prayers of Bishop Giso 1 of Wells, restores 30 hides at Banwell, Avon, to the cathedral church of Wells, which Giso 1’s predecessor, Duduc 6, had given to the church, and which King Harold 3 had taken away. These are given with everything belonging to them.: Bates286 (1068)
S1012 - Edward 15 granting land to Tofig 2: King Edward 15 to Tofig 2, his comes; grant of 2 hides (territoria) at Berghe.: S1017 (1048)
S1012 - Edward 15 granting land to Æthelstan 72: King Edward 15 to Æthelstan 72, his faithful minister; grant of 3 hides (cassati) at Ayston, Rutland. : S1014 (1046)
S1015 - Edward 15 granting land to Rouen, St Ouen: King Edward 15 to the community of St Ouen, Rouen; grant of land at Mersea, Essex. : S1015 (1046)
S1018 - Edward 15 granting land to Ælfwine 61: King Edward 15 to Ælfwine 61, his militaris; grant of 1 ploughland (carruga) at Hambledon, Hants..: S1018 (1049)
S1019 - Edward 15 granting land to Eadwulf 45: King Edward 15 to Eadwulf 45, his faithful minister; grant of 1.5 perticae at Tregony and at Trerice in St Dennis, Cornwall. : S1019 (1049)
S1020 - Edward 15 granting land to Abingdon, St Mary's: King Edward 15 to the church of St Mary, Abingdon; grant of 8 hides (mansae) on the river Kennet (at Leverton in Hungerford, Berks.), previously held by Eadric 59, rusticus.: S1020 (1050)
S1021 - witnessing Edward 15 joining the sees of Devon and Cornwall: King Edward 15 unites the sees of Devon and Cornwall, and moves the seat of the new bishopric to Exeter. : S1021 (1050)
S1022 - Edward 15 granting land to Godwine 51: King Edward 15 to Godwine 51, dux; grant of 4 hides (mansae) in the common land at Sandford-on-Thames, Oxon.: S1022 (1050)
S1023 - Edward 15 granting land to Abingdon, St Mary's: King Edward 15 to the church of St Mary, Abingdon; grant of 5 hides (cassati) at Chilton, Berks..: S1023 (1052)
S1024 - Edward 15 granting land to Lutrise 1: King Edward 15 to Lutrise 1, his faithful minister; grant of a half hide (mansa) at Bashley, Hants..: S1024 (1053)
S1025 - Edward 15 granting land to Abingdon, St Mary's: King Edward 15 to the church of St Mary, Abingdon; grant of 4 hides (mansae) in the common land at Sandford-on-Thames, Oxon..: S1025 (1054)
S1026 - Edward 15 granting land to Evesham: King Edward 15 to St Mary's, Evesham; grant of 3 hides (cassati) at Upper Swell, Gloucs., in return for the abbot's gift of 6 marks of gold. The land had been forfeited by Erusius 1 (? Earnsige), son of Oce 1.: S1026 (1055)
S1027 - Edward 15 granting land to Ealdred 37: King Edward 15 to Ealdred 37, bishop; grant of land at Traboe, Trevallack and Grugwith, all in St Keverne, and at Trewethey in St Martin-in-Meneage, Cornwall. : S1027 (1059)
S1028 - Edward 15 granting land to Paris, Saint-Denis: King Edward 15 to Paris, Saint-Denis; grant of land at Taynton, Oxon..: S1028 (1059)
S1029 - Edward 15 confirming land for Peterborough 1: King Edward 15 to Peterborough 1 Abbey; confirmation of land at Fiskerton, Lincs., bequeathed to the abbey by Leofgifu 3, a woman of London, but claimed by Queen Eadgyth 3.: S1029 (1060)
S1030 - Edward 15 confirming lands of Ramsey 1: King Edward 15 to Ramsey 1 Abbey; confirmation of privileges and of land.: S1030 (1062)
S1031 - Edward 15 granting land to Westminster 1: King Edward 15 to Westminster 1 Abbey; grant of 10 hides (mansae) in the common land at Wheathampstead, Herts..: S1031 (1060)
S1033 - Edward 15 granting land to Rouen, St Mary's: King Edward 15 to St Mary's, Rouen; grant of Ottery St Mary, Devon. : S1033 (1061)
S1034 - Edward 15 granting land to Wulfwald 1: King Edward 15 to Wulfwald 1, abbot; grant of land at Ashwick, Somerset.: S1034 (1061)
S1036 - Edward 15 confirming lands of Waltham 1: King Edward 15 to Waltham 1 Abbey; grant of privileges and confirmation of land at Waltham, Northland in Waltham, Paslow in High Ongar, South Weald, Upminster, Walhfare (? Walter Hall) in Boreham, Debden and Alderton in Loughton, Woodford, Essex; Lambeth, Surrey; Nazeing, Essex; Brickendon, Herts.; Millow, Arlesey, Beds.; Wormley, Herts.; Netteswell, Essex; Hitchin, Herts.; Luckington (or Loughton), Essex; and White Waltham, Berks..: S1036 (1062)
S1037a - Edward 15 granting the see of Worcester Ealdred 37: King Edward 15 to Archbishop Ealdred 37; grant of the see of Worcester. : S1037a (1065)
S1038 - Edward 15 confirming land and privileges of Malmesbury 1: King Edward 15 to Malmesbury 1 Abbey; confirmation of privileges and of land.: S1038 (1065)
S1040 - Edward 15 confirming and granting privileges to Westminster 1: King Edward 15 to Westminster 1 Abbey; confirmation and grant of privileges and confirmation of land.: S1040 (1065)
S1041 - Edward 15 granting and confirming privileges of Westminster 1: King Edward 15 to Westminster 1 Abbey, Third Charter; grant and confirmation of privileges.: S1041 (1065)
S1042 - Edward 15 confirming lands of Wells: King Edward 15 to the bishopric of Wells; general confirmation of lands.: S1042 (1065)
S1043 - Edward 15 confirming privileges and lands of Westminster 1: King Edward 15 to Westminster 1 Abbey, First Charter; confirmation of privileges and of lands.: S1043 (1066)
S1053 - Edward 15 confirming land of Evesham: King Edward 15 to Evesham Abbey; confirmation of the grant by Leofric 49, dux, of land at Hampton, Worcs. : S1053 (1042 x 1046)
S1057 - Edward 15 confirming transaction for Evesham: King Edward 15 declares that Abbot Manni 1 and the monk Æthelwig 18 have bought land at Evenlode, Gloucs., from Eammer. : S1057 (1044 x 1059)
S1058 - Edward 15 granting land to Osfrith 19: King Edward 15 to Osfrith 19; grant of 5 hides (cassati) at Lench, Worcs., and a lease by Bishop Lyfing 15 of [another?] 5 hides at Lench, Worcs..: S1058 (1044 x 1051)
S1059 - Edward 15 confirming agreement for Peterborough 1: King Edward 15 to Peterborough 1 Abbey; confirmation of an agreement concerning land at Scotton, Scotter and Manton, Lincs., acquired by the monk Brand 5 leased Scotton and Scotter to Asketil 2 for an annual money-payment. In return for a life tenure on Manton, Asketil 2 undertook to bequeath an estate at Thorp (Ravensthorpe) to Brand 5.: S1059 (1061 x 1066)
S1060 - Edward 15 confirming land for Peterborough: King Edward 15 to Peterborough Abbey; confirmation of land at Walcot on Trent, near Alkborough, Lincs., given to the abbey by Askil 1, the king's optimas. : S1060 (1055 x 1060)
S1062 - Edward 15 confirming grant to Winchester, Old Minster: King Edward 15 confirms a grant by Ælfgifu Emma 2, his mother, to Old Minster, Winchester, of land at Wargrave, Berks..: S1062 (1042 x 1065)
S1237 - witnessing Ælfgar 46 granting land to Rheims, St Remigius: Ælfgar 46, quondam comes, to the church of St Remigius, Rheims; grant of land at Lapley, Staffs..: S1237 (1061)
S1403 - Stigand 1 leasing land to Wulfric 72: Stigand 1, bishop, and the community at Old Minster, to Wulfric 72; lease, for two lives, of 2 hides and one yardland at Alton Priors and three yardlands at Patney, Wilts., with meadow and pasture. : S1403 (1047 x 1053)
S1426 - Ælfwig 23 leasing land to Stigand 1: Ælfwig 23, abbot, and the community at Bath, to Stigand 1, archbishop; lease, for life, of 30 hides at Tidenham, Gloucs., in return for 10 marks of gold and 20 pounds of silver, with reversion to the abbey. The lessee is to pay an annual render of one mark of gold, 6 porpoises and thirty thousand herring. : S1426 (1061 x 1065)
S1468 - witnessing agreement between Æthelmær 35 and Ufi 4: Agreement between Æthelmær 35 and Ufi 4, abbot of Bury St Edmunds, and the community there concerning land at Swanton and Hindolveston, Norfolk.: S1468 (1043 x 1044)
S1471 - Æthelric 76 and Eadsige 12 agreement: Agreement between Archbishop Eadsige 12 and Æthelric 76 concerning land at Chart, Stowting, Milton and a haga in Canterbury, all in Kent. The land at Chart had been purchased by Archbishop Ceolnoth 3 with his own money from the thegn Hæletha 1 and granted to him by charter by Æthelwulf 1, king of the West Saxons.: S1471 (1045)
S1476 - agreement between Wulfweard 17 and Stigand 1: Agreement between Bishop Stigand 1, the community at Old Minster, Winchester, and Wulfweard 17 the White concerning 10 hides in Hayling Island, Hants..: S1476 (1053)
S1478 - agreement between Wulfwig 10, Leofric 49 and Godgifu 2: Agreement between Bishop Wulfwig 10, and Earl Leofric 49 and Godgifu 2, his wife, concerning the endowment of a monastery at Stowe St Mary, Lincs..: S1478 (1053 x 1055)
S1479 - Ælfgar 46 declaring Ordwig 2's grant to Evesham: Declaration by Ælfgar 46, dux, that Ordwig 2, father of Abbot Æthelwig 15, gave to Evesham Abbey land at Acton Beauchamp, Herefords., and at Dorsington, Warwicks..: S1479 (1058 x 1062)
S787 - Edgar 11 granting privileges to Peterborough 1: King Edgar 11 to Peterborough 1 Abbey, with later confirmations, grant of privileges for the abbey and its land at Dogsthorpe, Eye, Paston and Oundle, Northants.; and confirmation of land at Barrow-upon-Humber, Lincs.; Warmington, Ashton, Kettering, Castor, Ailsworth, Walton, Werrington, Eye, and Thorp, Northants.; a mint at Stamford, Lincs.; and half of Whittlesey Mere: S787 (972)
Church/monastery/minster foundation/dedication/restoration (1)
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Bates181 - William 1 confirming foundation of London, St Martin-le-Grand: King William 1, at Ingelric 1’s request, confirms the foundation of the collegiate church of St Martin-le-Grand, which Ingelric 1 and his brother Eirard 1 had built and endowed within the walls of the city of London out of their own possession.: Bates181 (1068)
Commendation (1)
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Stigand 1.homage to William 1: Stigand 1 the archbishop, coming to William 1 to Wallingford, did homage to him, confirmed his fealty with an oath, and renounced [Edgar 14] the Ætheling, whom he had elected without due consideration.: WilliamofPoitiers.GestaGuillelmi II.28
Confirmation of land/privileges (21)
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Bates181 - William 1 confirming foundation of London, St Martin-le-Grand: King William 1, at Ingelric 1’s request, confirms the foundation of the collegiate church of St Martin-le-Grand, which Ingelric 1 and his brother Eirard 1 had built and endowed within the walls of the city of London out of their own possession.: Bates181 (1068)
S1029 - Edward 15 confirming land for Peterborough 1: King Edward 15 to Peterborough 1 Abbey; confirmation of land at Fiskerton, Lincs., bequeathed to the abbey by Leofgifu 3, a woman of London, but claimed by Queen Eadgyth 3.: S1029 (1060)
S1030 - Edward 15 confirming lands of Ramsey 1: King Edward 15 to Ramsey 1 Abbey; confirmation of privileges and of land.: S1030 (1062)
S1036 - Edward 15 confirming lands of Waltham 1: King Edward 15 to Waltham 1 Abbey; grant of privileges and confirmation of land at Waltham, Northland in Waltham, Paslow in High Ongar, South Weald, Upminster, Walhfare (? Walter Hall) in Boreham, Debden and Alderton in Loughton, Woodford, Essex; Lambeth, Surrey; Nazeing, Essex; Brickendon, Herts.; Millow, Arlesey, Beds.; Wormley, Herts.; Netteswell, Essex; Hitchin, Herts.; Luckington (or Loughton), Essex; and White Waltham, Berks..: S1036 (1062)
S1038 - Edward 15 confirming land and privileges of Malmesbury 1: King Edward 15 to Malmesbury 1 Abbey; confirmation of privileges and of land.: S1038 (1065)
S1040 - Edward 15 confirming and granting privileges to Westminster 1: King Edward 15 to Westminster 1 Abbey; confirmation and grant of privileges and confirmation of land.: S1040 (1065)
S1041 - Edward 15 granting and confirming privileges of Westminster 1: King Edward 15 to Westminster 1 Abbey, Third Charter; grant and confirmation of privileges.: S1041 (1065)
S1042 - Edward 15 confirming lands of Wells: King Edward 15 to the bishopric of Wells; general confirmation of lands.: S1042 (1065)
S1043 - Edward 15 confirming privileges and lands of Westminster 1: King Edward 15 to Westminster 1 Abbey, First Charter; confirmation of privileges and of lands.: S1043 (1066)
S1053 - Edward 15 confirming land of Evesham: King Edward 15 to Evesham Abbey; confirmation of the grant by Leofric 49, dux, of land at Hampton, Worcs. : S1053 (1042 x 1046)
S1059 - Edward 15 confirming agreement for Peterborough 1: King Edward 15 to Peterborough 1 Abbey; confirmation of an agreement concerning land at Scotton, Scotter and Manton, Lincs., acquired by the monk Brand 5 leased Scotton and Scotter to Asketil 2 for an annual money-payment. In return for a life tenure on Manton, Asketil 2 undertook to bequeath an estate at Thorp (Ravensthorpe) to Brand 5.: S1059 (1061 x 1066)
S1060 - Edward 15 confirming land for Peterborough: King Edward 15 to Peterborough Abbey; confirmation of land at Walcot on Trent, near Alkborough, Lincs., given to the abbey by Askil 1, the king's optimas. : S1060 (1055 x 1060)
S1062 - Edward 15 confirming grant to Winchester, Old Minster: King Edward 15 confirms a grant by Ælfgifu Emma 2, his mother, to Old Minster, Winchester, of land at Wargrave, Berks..: S1062 (1042 x 1065)
S1089 - writ of Edward 15 in favour of Stigand 1 and Christ Church: Writ of King Edward 15 declaring that he has granted to Archbishop Stigand 1 and the community at Christ Church all the lands that they had in the time of his predecessors and in his own time. : S1089 (1052 x 1066)
S1090 - writ of Edward 15 in favour of Christ Church: Writ of King Edward 15 declaring that the land at Mersham, Kent, is to belong to Christ Church with sake and soke, as fully and completely as Sigweard 1 and his wife [Anonymous 10063] granted it to that house.: S1090 (1053 x 1061)
S1108 - writ of Edward 15 in favour of Ramsey: Writ of King Edward 15 declaring that the soke within Bichamdic (cf. Beechamwell, Norfolk) is to belong to Ramsey Abbey as fully and completely as it was first given to that church.: S1108 (1053 x 1057)
S1110 - writ of Edward 15 in favour of Ramsey and Peterborough: Writ of King Edward 15 declaring that he has confirmed the exchange of land at Luton, Northants., for land at Marholm, Northants., and the agreement made between Ælfwine 55, abbot of Ramsey, and Leofric 23, abbot of Peterborough; and has also confirmed the boundaries along King Cnut 3's Delph, Northants., as Ælfwine 55, abbot of Ramsey, proved his claim to them against Siweard 18, abbot of Thorney.: S1110 (1042 x 1066)
S1136 - writ of Edward 15 in favour of Westminster: Writ of King Edward 15 declaring that the monks of Westminster Abbey are to have the land at Tooting, Surrey, given by Swein 6 his kinsman.: S1136 (1057 x 1066)
S1137 - writ of Edward 15 in favour of Westminster: Writ of King Edward 15 declaring that the piece of land at Claygate, Surrey, given by Earl Tosti 4 and his wife Leofrun 7, the king's foster-mother, is to belong to Westminster Abbey.: S1137 (1058 x 1066)
S1153 - writ of Edward 15 in favour of Winchester, Old Minster: Writ of King Edward 15 declaring that he has confirmed his mother's [Emma 2] bequest to the monks of Old Minster of a messuage (haga) called Ælfrices Godebegeaton in Winchester, which she held by the gift of King Æthelred 32 (cf. S 925), and of 10 hides on Hayling Island, Hants.: S1153 (1052 x 1053)
S787 - Edgar 11 granting privileges to Peterborough 1: King Edgar 11 to Peterborough 1 Abbey, with later confirmations, grant of privileges for the abbey and its land at Dogsthorpe, Eye, Paston and Oundle, Northants.; and confirmation of land at Barrow-upon-Humber, Lincs.; Warmington, Ashton, Kettering, Castor, Ailsworth, Walton, Werrington, Eye, and Thorp, Northants.; a mint at Stamford, Lincs.; and half of Whittlesey Mere: S787 (972)
Confiscation (1)
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Stigand 1.deprived of his bishopric: Stigand 1 was deprived of his bishopric, and all that he owned was placed in the king’s control because he was closest in his mother’s counsel, and because it was suspected that she did as he advised.: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 C 1043 (1043)
Conquest (2)
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Events of 1066 (MS D): Earl Tosti 2 came from overseas into the Isle of Wight with as large a fleet as he could muster, and both money and provisions were given him. And King Harold 3 and his brother assembled a naval force and a land force larger than any king had assembled before in this country, because he had been told that William 1 the Bastard [Wyllelm Bastard] meant to come here and subdue this country. This was exactly what happened afterwards. Meanwhile Earl Tosti 2 came into the Humber with 60 ships and Earl Edwin 33 came with a land force and drove him out, and the sailors deserted him. And he went to Scotland with 12 small vessels, and there Harald 5, king of Norway, met him with 300 ships, and Tosti 2 submitted to him and became his vassal [him to beah 7 his man wearth]; and they both went up the Humber until they reached York. And there Earl Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 his brother fought against them; but the Norwegians had the victory. Harold 3, king of the English, was informed that things had gone thus; and the fight was on the Vigil of St Matthew [20 September]. Then Harold 3 our king came upon the Norwegians by surprise and met them beyond York at Stamford Bridge with a large force of the English people; and that day there was a very fierce fight on both sides. There was killed Harald 5 Fairhair [Harfagera recte Hardrada] and Earl Tosti 2, and the Norwegians who survived took to flight; and the English attacked them fiercely as they pursued them until some got to the ships. Some were drowned, and some burned, and some destroyed in various ways so that few survived and the English remained in command of the field. The king gave quarter to Olaf 8 [Olafe], son of the Norse king [Norna cyng], and their bishop [Anonymous 10021] and the earl of Orkney [Anonymous 10022]and all those who survived on the ships, and they went up to our king and swore oaths that they would always keep peace and friendship with this country; and the king let them go home with 24 ships. These two pitched battles were fought within five nights. Then Count William 1 came from Normandy to Pevensey on Michaelmas eve, and as soon as they were able to move on they built a castle at Hastings. King Harold 3 was informed of this and he assembled a large army and came against him at the hoary apple-tree. And William 1 came against him by surprise before his army was drawn up in battle array. But the king nevertheless fought hard against him, with the men who were willing to support him, and there were heavy casualties on both sides. There King Harold 3 was killed and Earl Leofwine 69 his brother, and Earl Gyrth 1 his brother, and many good men, and the French remained masters of the field, even as God granted it to them because of the sins of the people. Archbishop Ealdred 37 and the citizens of London wanted to have Edgar 14 Cild [Edgar 14 Cild] as king, as was his proper due; and Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 promised him that they would fight on his side; but always the more it ought to have been forward the more it got behind, and the worse it grew from day to day, exactly as everything came to be at the end. The battle took place on the festival of Calixtus the pope [14 October]. And Count William 1 went back to Hastings and waited there to see whether submission would be made to him. But when he understood that no one meant to come to him, he went inland with all his army that was left to him, and that came to him afterwards from overseas, and ravaged all the region that he overran until he reached Berkhampstead. There he was met by Archbishop Ealdred 37 and Edgar 14 Cild, and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3, and all the chief men [betstan men] of London. And they submitted out of necessity after most damage had been done – and it was a great piece of folly that they had not done it earlier, since God would not make things better, because of our sins. And they gave hostages and swore oaths to him, and he promised them that he would be a gracious lord, and yet in the meantime they ravaged all that they overran. Then on Christmas day Archbishop Ealdred 37 consecrated him king at Westminster. And he promised Ealdred 37 on Christ’s book and swore moreover (before Ealdred 37 would place the crown on his head) that he would rule all this people as well as the best of the kings before him, if they would be loyal to him. All the same he laid taxes on people very severely, and then went in spring overseas to Normandy, and took with him Archbishop Stigand 1, and Æthelnoth 46, abbot of Glastonbury, and Edgar 14 Cild and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3 and Earl Waltheof 2 and many other good men from England. And Bishop Odo 3 and Earl William 2 stayed behind and built castles far and wide throughout this country, and distressed the wretched folk, and always after that it grew much worse. May the end be good when God wills!: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 D 1066 (1066)
Stigand 1.deposition: William 1 duke of Normandy came to England and subdued the country by force for arms. He spread the terror of his name far and wide by winning the battle of Hastings and receiving the surrender of Dover Castle, and then came to London. There, Stigand 1 and the most powerful of the English came out to show their support; after negotiations, William 1 received him as father and archbishop, while Stigand 1 received William 1 as king and son. But the king drew the line at receiving the crown from his hand, with his customary ingenuity arranging for people to forbid it in the pope’s name. Soon afterwards, he sailed over to Normandy, and took with him the reluctant Stigand 1 under a show of Honouring him, for he wanted to make sure the archbishop’s influence did not cause any emergence of treason in his absence. It is difficult to exaggerate the civilities he showed Stigand 1: he rose to his feet to do him honour on every occasion, and made sure he was welcomed by long and elaborate processions in every see and abbey of Normandy. But what lay behind this façade was revealed when there arrived in England Ermenfrid 1, bishop of Sion and Pope Alexander 1’s legate. At the king’s instance he summoned a council and deposed Stigand 1, though he called on William 1 to keep faith with him and protested that he was being subjected to violence. The king made smooth excuses, citing the pope’s command, but he did not efface the impression that he had engineered the deposition, for he kept Stigand 1 in prison at Winchester for the rest of his life. Stigand 1 lived a simple life there; the public purse provided little, and Stigand 1, with his innate obstinacy, refused to have anything brought in from his own estates. Indeed when his friends, especially Eadgyth 3, King Edward 15’s widow, urged him to dress and eat less austerely, he swore by everything sacred a false oath that he had not a penny to his name. That this oath had no basis in truth was proved by the vast riches found after his death in underground caves. They were given away by a key hanging round the neck of the dead man. This turned lock of his private chest, and the records thus disclosed revealed the types of metals he owned, and their weights.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum i.23.5-8
Death/dying (2)
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Ealdred 37.crowning William 1: William 1 refused to be blessed by Stigand 1 as king. Ealdred 37 was induced to conduct the consecration, but he made the king first to take an oath before the whole people to conduct himself with moderation towards his subjects, and treat English and French even-handedly. So as long as William 1 did so, Ealdred 37 loved his as his son; but when the king started to demand an inappropriate sum by way of tax from the people of the province, the bishop approached him through envoys. William 1 sent them away with a dusty answer, and Ealdred 37 cursed William 1. The king had to send to win the bishop over, but Ealdred 37 fell ill and died before the messengers arrived.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum iii.115.18-20
Æthelsige 43.appointment as abbot of St Augustine's: Wulfric 67, abbot of St Augustine’s, died in Easter week on 18 April. When word came to the king that Abbot Wulfric 67 was dead, he chose the monk Æthelsige 43 of the Old Minster for the office; he then followed Archbishop Stigand 1 and was consecrated abbot at Windsor on St Augustine’s day.: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 E 1061 (1061)
Deposition of archbishop (2)
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Stigand 1.deposition: William 1 duke of Normandy came to England and subdued the country by force for arms. He spread the terror of his name far and wide by winning the battle of Hastings and receiving the surrender of Dover Castle, and then came to London. There, Stigand 1 and the most powerful of the English came out to show their support; after negotiations, William 1 received him as father and archbishop, while Stigand 1 received William 1 as king and son. But the king drew the line at receiving the crown from his hand, with his customary ingenuity arranging for people to forbid it in the pope’s name. Soon afterwards, he sailed over to Normandy, and took with him the reluctant Stigand 1 under a show of Honouring him, for he wanted to make sure the archbishop’s influence did not cause any emergence of treason in his absence. It is difficult to exaggerate the civilities he showed Stigand 1: he rose to his feet to do him honour on every occasion, and made sure he was welcomed by long and elaborate processions in every see and abbey of Normandy. But what lay behind this façade was revealed when there arrived in England Ermenfrid 1, bishop of Sion and Pope Alexander 1’s legate. At the king’s instance he summoned a council and deposed Stigand 1, though he called on William 1 to keep faith with him and protested that he was being subjected to violence. The king made smooth excuses, citing the pope’s command, but he did not efface the impression that he had engineered the deposition, for he kept Stigand 1 in prison at Winchester for the rest of his life. Stigand 1 lived a simple life there; the public purse provided little, and Stigand 1, with his innate obstinacy, refused to have anything brought in from his own estates. Indeed when his friends, especially Eadgyth 3, King Edward 15’s widow, urged him to dress and eat less austerely, he swore by everything sacred a false oath that he had not a penny to his name. That this oath had no basis in truth was proved by the vast riches found after his death in underground caves. They were given away by a key hanging round the neck of the dead man. This turned lock of his private chest, and the records thus disclosed revealed the types of metals he owned, and their weights.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum i.23.5-8
William 1.dissaproval of 's pontificate: [William 1] did not approve of the pontificate of Stigand 1, which he knew to be uncanonical, but thought it better to await the pope [Alexander 1]'s sentence than to depose him hastily. : WilliamofPoitiers.GestaGuillelmi II.33
Deposition of bishop (1)
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Stigand 1.deprived of his bishopric: Stigand 1 was deprived of his bishopric, and all that he owned was placed in the king’s control because he was closest in his mother’s counsel, and because it was suspected that she did as he advised.: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 C 1043 (1043)
Desertion, military (1)
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Events of 1066 (MS D): Earl Tosti 2 came from overseas into the Isle of Wight with as large a fleet as he could muster, and both money and provisions were given him. And King Harold 3 and his brother assembled a naval force and a land force larger than any king had assembled before in this country, because he had been told that William 1 the Bastard [Wyllelm Bastard] meant to come here and subdue this country. This was exactly what happened afterwards. Meanwhile Earl Tosti 2 came into the Humber with 60 ships and Earl Edwin 33 came with a land force and drove him out, and the sailors deserted him. And he went to Scotland with 12 small vessels, and there Harald 5, king of Norway, met him with 300 ships, and Tosti 2 submitted to him and became his vassal [him to beah 7 his man wearth]; and they both went up the Humber until they reached York. And there Earl Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 his brother fought against them; but the Norwegians had the victory. Harold 3, king of the English, was informed that things had gone thus; and the fight was on the Vigil of St Matthew [20 September]. Then Harold 3 our king came upon the Norwegians by surprise and met them beyond York at Stamford Bridge with a large force of the English people; and that day there was a very fierce fight on both sides. There was killed Harald 5 Fairhair [Harfagera recte Hardrada] and Earl Tosti 2, and the Norwegians who survived took to flight; and the English attacked them fiercely as they pursued them until some got to the ships. Some were drowned, and some burned, and some destroyed in various ways so that few survived and the English remained in command of the field. The king gave quarter to Olaf 8 [Olafe], son of the Norse king [Norna cyng], and their bishop [Anonymous 10021] and the earl of Orkney [Anonymous 10022]and all those who survived on the ships, and they went up to our king and swore oaths that they would always keep peace and friendship with this country; and the king let them go home with 24 ships. These two pitched battles were fought within five nights. Then Count William 1 came from Normandy to Pevensey on Michaelmas eve, and as soon as they were able to move on they built a castle at Hastings. King Harold 3 was informed of this and he assembled a large army and came against him at the hoary apple-tree. And William 1 came against him by surprise before his army was drawn up in battle array. But the king nevertheless fought hard against him, with the men who were willing to support him, and there were heavy casualties on both sides. There King Harold 3 was killed and Earl Leofwine 69 his brother, and Earl Gyrth 1 his brother, and many good men, and the French remained masters of the field, even as God granted it to them because of the sins of the people. Archbishop Ealdred 37 and the citizens of London wanted to have Edgar 14 Cild [Edgar 14 Cild] as king, as was his proper due; and Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 promised him that they would fight on his side; but always the more it ought to have been forward the more it got behind, and the worse it grew from day to day, exactly as everything came to be at the end. The battle took place on the festival of Calixtus the pope [14 October]. And Count William 1 went back to Hastings and waited there to see whether submission would be made to him. But when he understood that no one meant to come to him, he went inland with all his army that was left to him, and that came to him afterwards from overseas, and ravaged all the region that he overran until he reached Berkhampstead. There he was met by Archbishop Ealdred 37 and Edgar 14 Cild, and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3, and all the chief men [betstan men] of London. And they submitted out of necessity after most damage had been done – and it was a great piece of folly that they had not done it earlier, since God would not make things better, because of our sins. And they gave hostages and swore oaths to him, and he promised them that he would be a gracious lord, and yet in the meantime they ravaged all that they overran. Then on Christmas day Archbishop Ealdred 37 consecrated him king at Westminster. And he promised Ealdred 37 on Christ’s book and swore moreover (before Ealdred 37 would place the crown on his head) that he would rule all this people as well as the best of the kings before him, if they would be loyal to him. All the same he laid taxes on people very severely, and then went in spring overseas to Normandy, and took with him Archbishop Stigand 1, and Æthelnoth 46, abbot of Glastonbury, and Edgar 14 Cild and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3 and Earl Waltheof 2 and many other good men from England. And Bishop Odo 3 and Earl William 2 stayed behind and built castles far and wide throughout this country, and distressed the wretched folk, and always after that it grew much worse. May the end be good when God wills!: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 D 1066 (1066)
Desertion, of see (1)
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Godwine 51.events of 1052 (MS E): The king and his council decided that ships should be sent to Sandwich, and they appointed Earl Ralph 1 and Earl Odda 8 as their captains [heafodmannum]. Then Earl Godwine 51 went out from Bruges with his ships to the Isere, and put out to sea a day before the eve of the midsummer festival, so that he came to Dungeness, which is south of Romney. Then it came to the knowledge of the earls out at Sandwich, and they then went out in pursuit of the other ships, and a land force was called out against the ships. Then meanwhile Earl Godwine 51 was warned; and he went to Pevensey, and the storm became so violent that the earls could not find out what had happened to Earl Godwine 51. And then Earl Godwine 51 put out again so that he got back to Bruges, and the other ships went back again to Sandwich. Then it was decided that the ships should go back again to London, and that other earls and other oarsmen [hasæta] should be appointed to them. But there was so long a delay that the naval expedition was quite abandoned and all the men went home. Earl Godwine 51 found out about this and hoisted his sail – and so did his fleet – and they went westward direct to the Isle of Wight and there landed, and ravaged there so long that the people paid them as much as they imposed on them, and then they went westward until they came to Portland and landed there, and did whatever damage they could. Then Harold 3 had come from Ireland with 9 ships, and he landed at Porlock, and there was a great force gathered there to oppose him, but he did not hesitate to obtain provisions for himself, and he landed and killed a great part of the force that opposed him, and seized for himself what came his way in cattle, men, and property; and then he went east to his father, and they both went eastward until they came to the Isle of Wight, and there took what they had left behind them. Then they went on to Pevensey and took with them as many ships as were serviceable and so proceeded to Dungeness. And he took all the ships that were at Romney and Hythe and Folkestone, and then they went east to Dover and landed and seized ships for themselves and as many hostages as they wished. So they came to Sandwich and there they did exactly the same, and everywhere they were given hostages and provisions wherever they asked for them. They went on to Northmouth [Kentish Stour] and so towards London, and some of the ships went within Sheppey and did much damage there, and they went to Milton Regis and burnt it down to the ground. Thus they proceeded on their way to London in pursuit of the earls. When they came to London the king and earls were all lying there with 50 ships ready to meet them. Then the earls sent to the king and asked him legally to return to them all those things of which they had been unjustly deprived. But the king refused for some time – for so long that the men who were with the earl were so incensed against the king and against his men that the earl himself had difficulty calming those men. Then Bishop Stigand 1 with the help of God went there and the wise men both inside the city and without, and they decided that hostages should be arranged for on both sides. And so it was done. Then Archbishop Robert 5 found out about this, and the Frenchmen, so that they took horses and departed, some west to Pentecost’s castle, and some north to Robert 5’s castle. And Archbishop Robert 5 and Bishop Ulf 13 and their companions went out at the east gate and killed or otherwise injured many young men, and went right on to Eadulfesness [The Naze, Essex], and he there got on board a broken-down ship, and went right on overseas, and left behind him his pallium and all the Church in this country. This was God’s will, in that he had obtained the dignity when it was not God’s will. Then a big council was summoned outside London, and all the earls and the chief men who were in the country were at the council. Then Earl Godwine 51 expounded his case, and cleared himself before King Edward 15, his lord [hlaford], and before all his country-men, declaring that he was guiltless of the charges brought against him, and against Harold 3 his son and all his children. Then the king granted the earl and his children his full friendship and full status as an earl, and all that he had had. And all the men who were with him were treated likewise. And the king gave the lady [Eadgyth 3] all that she had had. And Archbishop Robert 5 was declared utterly an outlaw, and all the Frenchmen too, because they were most responsible for the disagreement between Earl Godwine 51 and the king.
: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 E 1052 (1052)
Disbandment of fierd (1)
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Godwine 51.events of 1052 (MS E): The king and his council decided that ships should be sent to Sandwich, and they appointed Earl Ralph 1 and Earl Odda 8 as their captains [heafodmannum]. Then Earl Godwine 51 went out from Bruges with his ships to the Isere, and put out to sea a day before the eve of the midsummer festival, so that he came to Dungeness, which is south of Romney. Then it came to the knowledge of the earls out at Sandwich, and they then went out in pursuit of the other ships, and a land force was called out against the ships. Then meanwhile Earl Godwine 51 was warned; and he went to Pevensey, and the storm became so violent that the earls could not find out what had happened to Earl Godwine 51. And then Earl Godwine 51 put out again so that he got back to Bruges, and the other ships went back again to Sandwich. Then it was decided that the ships should go back again to London, and that other earls and other oarsmen [hasæta] should be appointed to them. But there was so long a delay that the naval expedition was quite abandoned and all the men went home. Earl Godwine 51 found out about this and hoisted his sail – and so did his fleet – and they went westward direct to the Isle of Wight and there landed, and ravaged there so long that the people paid them as much as they imposed on them, and then they went westward until they came to Portland and landed there, and did whatever damage they could. Then Harold 3 had come from Ireland with 9 ships, and he landed at Porlock, and there was a great force gathered there to oppose him, but he did not hesitate to obtain provisions for himself, and he landed and killed a great part of the force that opposed him, and seized for himself what came his way in cattle, men, and property; and then he went east to his father, and they both went eastward until they came to the Isle of Wight, and there took what they had left behind them. Then they went on to Pevensey and took with them as many ships as were serviceable and so proceeded to Dungeness. And he took all the ships that were at Romney and Hythe and Folkestone, and then they went east to Dover and landed and seized ships for themselves and as many hostages as they wished. So they came to Sandwich and there they did exactly the same, and everywhere they were given hostages and provisions wherever they asked for them. They went on to Northmouth [Kentish Stour] and so towards London, and some of the ships went within Sheppey and did much damage there, and they went to Milton Regis and burnt it down to the ground. Thus they proceeded on their way to London in pursuit of the earls. When they came to London the king and earls were all lying there with 50 ships ready to meet them. Then the earls sent to the king and asked him legally to return to them all those things of which they had been unjustly deprived. But the king refused for some time – for so long that the men who were with the earl were so incensed against the king and against his men that the earl himself had difficulty calming those men. Then Bishop Stigand 1 with the help of God went there and the wise men both inside the city and without, and they decided that hostages should be arranged for on both sides. And so it was done. Then Archbishop Robert 5 found out about this, and the Frenchmen, so that they took horses and departed, some west to Pentecost’s castle, and some north to Robert 5’s castle. And Archbishop Robert 5 and Bishop Ulf 13 and their companions went out at the east gate and killed or otherwise injured many young men, and went right on to Eadulfesness [The Naze, Essex], and he there got on board a broken-down ship, and went right on overseas, and left behind him his pallium and all the Church in this country. This was God’s will, in that he had obtained the dignity when it was not God’s will. Then a big council was summoned outside London, and all the earls and the chief men who were in the country were at the council. Then Earl Godwine 51 expounded his case, and cleared himself before King Edward 15, his lord [hlaford], and before all his country-men, declaring that he was guiltless of the charges brought against him, and against Harold 3 his son and all his children. Then the king granted the earl and his children his full friendship and full status as an earl, and all that he had had. And all the men who were with him were treated likewise. And the king gave the lady [Eadgyth 3] all that she had had. And Archbishop Robert 5 was declared utterly an outlaw, and all the Frenchmen too, because they were most responsible for the disagreement between Earl Godwine 51 and the king.
: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 E 1052 (1052)
Dreaming/seeing vision/revelation (1)
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Edward 15.deathbed vision: On his deathbed Edward 15 had a vision of two monks, whom he used to know in Normandy as a young man, who foretold that God would deliver the kingdom of England into the hands of the enemy in a year for the sins of the earls, bishops, abbots and monks. When those who were present had heard these words - that is to say, the queen [Eadgyth 3], who was sitting on the floor warming his feet in her lap, her full brother, Earl Harold 3, and Robert 14, the steward of the royal palace and a kinsman of the king, also Archbishop Stigand 1 and a few more whom the blessed king when roused from sleep had ordered to be summoned - they all were sore afraid. And while all were stupefied and silent from the effect of terror, the archbishop himself, who ought to have been the first either to be afraid or to give a word of advice, with folly at heart whispered in the ear of the earl [Harold 3] that the king was broken with age and disease and knew not what he said. But the queen, and those who had been wont to know and fear God in their hearts, all pondered deeply the words they had heard, and understood them quite otherwise, and correctly.: Anon.VitaEdwardiRegis II.11
Drowning (1)
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Events of 1066 (MS D): Earl Tosti 2 came from overseas into the Isle of Wight with as large a fleet as he could muster, and both money and provisions were given him. And King Harold 3 and his brother assembled a naval force and a land force larger than any king had assembled before in this country, because he had been told that William 1 the Bastard [Wyllelm Bastard] meant to come here and subdue this country. This was exactly what happened afterwards. Meanwhile Earl Tosti 2 came into the Humber with 60 ships and Earl Edwin 33 came with a land force and drove him out, and the sailors deserted him. And he went to Scotland with 12 small vessels, and there Harald 5, king of Norway, met him with 300 ships, and Tosti 2 submitted to him and became his vassal [him to beah 7 his man wearth]; and they both went up the Humber until they reached York. And there Earl Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 his brother fought against them; but the Norwegians had the victory. Harold 3, king of the English, was informed that things had gone thus; and the fight was on the Vigil of St Matthew [20 September]. Then Harold 3 our king came upon the Norwegians by surprise and met them beyond York at Stamford Bridge with a large force of the English people; and that day there was a very fierce fight on both sides. There was killed Harald 5 Fairhair [Harfagera recte Hardrada] and Earl Tosti 2, and the Norwegians who survived took to flight; and the English attacked them fiercely as they pursued them until some got to the ships. Some were drowned, and some burned, and some destroyed in various ways so that few survived and the English remained in command of the field. The king gave quarter to Olaf 8 [Olafe], son of the Norse king [Norna cyng], and their bishop [Anonymous 10021] and the earl of Orkney [Anonymous 10022]and all those who survived on the ships, and they went up to our king and swore oaths that they would always keep peace and friendship with this country; and the king let them go home with 24 ships. These two pitched battles were fought within five nights. Then Count William 1 came from Normandy to Pevensey on Michaelmas eve, and as soon as they were able to move on they built a castle at Hastings. King Harold 3 was informed of this and he assembled a large army and came against him at the hoary apple-tree. And William 1 came against him by surprise before his army was drawn up in battle array. But the king nevertheless fought hard against him, with the men who were willing to support him, and there were heavy casualties on both sides. There King Harold 3 was killed and Earl Leofwine 69 his brother, and Earl Gyrth 1 his brother, and many good men, and the French remained masters of the field, even as God granted it to them because of the sins of the people. Archbishop Ealdred 37 and the citizens of London wanted to have Edgar 14 Cild [Edgar 14 Cild] as king, as was his proper due; and Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 promised him that they would fight on his side; but always the more it ought to have been forward the more it got behind, and the worse it grew from day to day, exactly as everything came to be at the end. The battle took place on the festival of Calixtus the pope [14 October]. And Count William 1 went back to Hastings and waited there to see whether submission would be made to him. But when he understood that no one meant to come to him, he went inland with all his army that was left to him, and that came to him afterwards from overseas, and ravaged all the region that he overran until he reached Berkhampstead. There he was met by Archbishop Ealdred 37 and Edgar 14 Cild, and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3, and all the chief men [betstan men] of London. And they submitted out of necessity after most damage had been done – and it was a great piece of folly that they had not done it earlier, since God would not make things better, because of our sins. And they gave hostages and swore oaths to him, and he promised them that he would be a gracious lord, and yet in the meantime they ravaged all that they overran. Then on Christmas day Archbishop Ealdred 37 consecrated him king at Westminster. And he promised Ealdred 37 on Christ’s book and swore moreover (before Ealdred 37 would place the crown on his head) that he would rule all this people as well as the best of the kings before him, if they would be loyal to him. All the same he laid taxes on people very severely, and then went in spring overseas to Normandy, and took with him Archbishop Stigand 1, and Æthelnoth 46, abbot of Glastonbury, and Edgar 14 Cild and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3 and Earl Waltheof 2 and many other good men from England. And Bishop Odo 3 and Earl William 2 stayed behind and built castles far and wide throughout this country, and distressed the wretched folk, and always after that it grew much worse. May the end be good when God wills!: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 D 1066 (1066)
Election of bishop (1)
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Æthelsige 43.appointment as abbot of St Augustine's: Wulfric 67, abbot of St Augustine’s, died in Easter week on 18 April. When word came to the king that Abbot Wulfric 67 was dead, he chose the monk Æthelsige 43 of the Old Minster for the office; he then followed Archbishop Stigand 1 and was consecrated abbot at Windsor on St Augustine’s day.: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 E 1061 (1061)
Election of king (2)
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Ealdred 37.crowning William 1: William 1 refused to be blessed by Stigand 1 as king. Ealdred 37 was induced to conduct the consecration, but he made the king first to take an oath before the whole people to conduct himself with moderation towards his subjects, and treat English and French even-handedly. So as long as William 1 did so, Ealdred 37 loved his as his son; but when the king started to demand an inappropriate sum by way of tax from the people of the province, the bishop approached him through envoys. William 1 sent them away with a dusty answer, and Ealdred 37 cursed William 1. The king had to send to win the bishop over, but Ealdred 37 fell ill and died before the messengers arrived.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum iii.115.18-20
Events of 1066 (MS D): Earl Tosti 2 came from overseas into the Isle of Wight with as large a fleet as he could muster, and both money and provisions were given him. And King Harold 3 and his brother assembled a naval force and a land force larger than any king had assembled before in this country, because he had been told that William 1 the Bastard [Wyllelm Bastard] meant to come here and subdue this country. This was exactly what happened afterwards. Meanwhile Earl Tosti 2 came into the Humber with 60 ships and Earl Edwin 33 came with a land force and drove him out, and the sailors deserted him. And he went to Scotland with 12 small vessels, and there Harald 5, king of Norway, met him with 300 ships, and Tosti 2 submitted to him and became his vassal [him to beah 7 his man wearth]; and they both went up the Humber until they reached York. And there Earl Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 his brother fought against them; but the Norwegians had the victory. Harold 3, king of the English, was informed that things had gone thus; and the fight was on the Vigil of St Matthew [20 September]. Then Harold 3 our king came upon the Norwegians by surprise and met them beyond York at Stamford Bridge with a large force of the English people; and that day there was a very fierce fight on both sides. There was killed Harald 5 Fairhair [Harfagera recte Hardrada] and Earl Tosti 2, and the Norwegians who survived took to flight; and the English attacked them fiercely as they pursued them until some got to the ships. Some were drowned, and some burned, and some destroyed in various ways so that few survived and the English remained in command of the field. The king gave quarter to Olaf 8 [Olafe], son of the Norse king [Norna cyng], and their bishop [Anonymous 10021] and the earl of Orkney [Anonymous 10022]and all those who survived on the ships, and they went up to our king and swore oaths that they would always keep peace and friendship with this country; and the king let them go home with 24 ships. These two pitched battles were fought within five nights. Then Count William 1 came from Normandy to Pevensey on Michaelmas eve, and as soon as they were able to move on they built a castle at Hastings. King Harold 3 was informed of this and he assembled a large army and came against him at the hoary apple-tree. And William 1 came against him by surprise before his army was drawn up in battle array. But the king nevertheless fought hard against him, with the men who were willing to support him, and there were heavy casualties on both sides. There King Harold 3 was killed and Earl Leofwine 69 his brother, and Earl Gyrth 1 his brother, and many good men, and the French remained masters of the field, even as God granted it to them because of the sins of the people. Archbishop Ealdred 37 and the citizens of London wanted to have Edgar 14 Cild [Edgar 14 Cild] as king, as was his proper due; and Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 promised him that they would fight on his side; but always the more it ought to have been forward the more it got behind, and the worse it grew from day to day, exactly as everything came to be at the end. The battle took place on the festival of Calixtus the pope [14 October]. And Count William 1 went back to Hastings and waited there to see whether submission would be made to him. But when he understood that no one meant to come to him, he went inland with all his army that was left to him, and that came to him afterwards from overseas, and ravaged all the region that he overran until he reached Berkhampstead. There he was met by Archbishop Ealdred 37 and Edgar 14 Cild, and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3, and all the chief men [betstan men] of London. And they submitted out of necessity after most damage had been done – and it was a great piece of folly that they had not done it earlier, since God would not make things better, because of our sins. And they gave hostages and swore oaths to him, and he promised them that he would be a gracious lord, and yet in the meantime they ravaged all that they overran. Then on Christmas day Archbishop Ealdred 37 consecrated him king at Westminster. And he promised Ealdred 37 on Christ’s book and swore moreover (before Ealdred 37 would place the crown on his head) that he would rule all this people as well as the best of the kings before him, if they would be loyal to him. All the same he laid taxes on people very severely, and then went in spring overseas to Normandy, and took with him Archbishop Stigand 1, and Æthelnoth 46, abbot of Glastonbury, and Edgar 14 Cild and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3 and Earl Waltheof 2 and many other good men from England. And Bishop Odo 3 and Earl William 2 stayed behind and built castles far and wide throughout this country, and distressed the wretched folk, and always after that it grew much worse. May the end be good when God wills!: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 D 1066 (1066)
Embassy (3)
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Ealdred 37.crowning William 1: William 1 refused to be blessed by Stigand 1 as king. Ealdred 37 was induced to conduct the consecration, but he made the king first to take an oath before the whole people to conduct himself with moderation towards his subjects, and treat English and French even-handedly. So as long as William 1 did so, Ealdred 37 loved his as his son; but when the king started to demand an inappropriate sum by way of tax from the people of the province, the bishop approached him through envoys. William 1 sent them away with a dusty answer, and Ealdred 37 cursed William 1. The king had to send to win the bishop over, but Ealdred 37 fell ill and died before the messengers arrived.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum iii.115.18-20
Godwine 51.events of 1052 (MS E): The king and his council decided that ships should be sent to Sandwich, and they appointed Earl Ralph 1 and Earl Odda 8 as their captains [heafodmannum]. Then Earl Godwine 51 went out from Bruges with his ships to the Isere, and put out to sea a day before the eve of the midsummer festival, so that he came to Dungeness, which is south of Romney. Then it came to the knowledge of the earls out at Sandwich, and they then went out in pursuit of the other ships, and a land force was called out against the ships. Then meanwhile Earl Godwine 51 was warned; and he went to Pevensey, and the storm became so violent that the earls could not find out what had happened to Earl Godwine 51. And then Earl Godwine 51 put out again so that he got back to Bruges, and the other ships went back again to Sandwich. Then it was decided that the ships should go back again to London, and that other earls and other oarsmen [hasæta] should be appointed to them. But there was so long a delay that the naval expedition was quite abandoned and all the men went home. Earl Godwine 51 found out about this and hoisted his sail – and so did his fleet – and they went westward direct to the Isle of Wight and there landed, and ravaged there so long that the people paid them as much as they imposed on them, and then they went westward until they came to Portland and landed there, and did whatever damage they could. Then Harold 3 had come from Ireland with 9 ships, and he landed at Porlock, and there was a great force gathered there to oppose him, but he did not hesitate to obtain provisions for himself, and he landed and killed a great part of the force that opposed him, and seized for himself what came his way in cattle, men, and property; and then he went east to his father, and they both went eastward until they came to the Isle of Wight, and there took what they had left behind them. Then they went on to Pevensey and took with them as many ships as were serviceable and so proceeded to Dungeness. And he took all the ships that were at Romney and Hythe and Folkestone, and then they went east to Dover and landed and seized ships for themselves and as many hostages as they wished. So they came to Sandwich and there they did exactly the same, and everywhere they were given hostages and provisions wherever they asked for them. They went on to Northmouth [Kentish Stour] and so towards London, and some of the ships went within Sheppey and did much damage there, and they went to Milton Regis and burnt it down to the ground. Thus they proceeded on their way to London in pursuit of the earls. When they came to London the king and earls were all lying there with 50 ships ready to meet them. Then the earls sent to the king and asked him legally to return to them all those things of which they had been unjustly deprived. But the king refused for some time – for so long that the men who were with the earl were so incensed against the king and against his men that the earl himself had difficulty calming those men. Then Bishop Stigand 1 with the help of God went there and the wise men both inside the city and without, and they decided that hostages should be arranged for on both sides. And so it was done. Then Archbishop Robert 5 found out about this, and the Frenchmen, so that they took horses and departed, some west to Pentecost’s castle, and some north to Robert 5’s castle. And Archbishop Robert 5 and Bishop Ulf 13 and their companions went out at the east gate and killed or otherwise injured many young men, and went right on to Eadulfesness [The Naze, Essex], and he there got on board a broken-down ship, and went right on overseas, and left behind him his pallium and all the Church in this country. This was God’s will, in that he had obtained the dignity when it was not God’s will. Then a big council was summoned outside London, and all the earls and the chief men who were in the country were at the council. Then Earl Godwine 51 expounded his case, and cleared himself before King Edward 15, his lord [hlaford], and before all his country-men, declaring that he was guiltless of the charges brought against him, and against Harold 3 his son and all his children. Then the king granted the earl and his children his full friendship and full status as an earl, and all that he had had. And all the men who were with him were treated likewise. And the king gave the lady [Eadgyth 3] all that she had had. And Archbishop Robert 5 was declared utterly an outlaw, and all the Frenchmen too, because they were most responsible for the disagreement between Earl Godwine 51 and the king.
: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 E 1052 (1052)
Stigand 1.deposition: William 1 duke of Normandy came to England and subdued the country by force for arms. He spread the terror of his name far and wide by winning the battle of Hastings and receiving the surrender of Dover Castle, and then came to London. There, Stigand 1 and the most powerful of the English came out to show their support; after negotiations, William 1 received him as father and archbishop, while Stigand 1 received William 1 as king and son. But the king drew the line at receiving the crown from his hand, with his customary ingenuity arranging for people to forbid it in the pope’s name. Soon afterwards, he sailed over to Normandy, and took with him the reluctant Stigand 1 under a show of Honouring him, for he wanted to make sure the archbishop’s influence did not cause any emergence of treason in his absence. It is difficult to exaggerate the civilities he showed Stigand 1: he rose to his feet to do him honour on every occasion, and made sure he was welcomed by long and elaborate processions in every see and abbey of Normandy. But what lay behind this façade was revealed when there arrived in England Ermenfrid 1, bishop of Sion and Pope Alexander 1’s legate. At the king’s instance he summoned a council and deposed Stigand 1, though he called on William 1 to keep faith with him and protested that he was being subjected to violence. The king made smooth excuses, citing the pope’s command, but he did not efface the impression that he had engineered the deposition, for he kept Stigand 1 in prison at Winchester for the rest of his life. Stigand 1 lived a simple life there; the public purse provided little, and Stigand 1, with his innate obstinacy, refused to have anything brought in from his own estates. Indeed when his friends, especially Eadgyth 3, King Edward 15’s widow, urged him to dress and eat less austerely, he swore by everything sacred a false oath that he had not a penny to his name. That this oath had no basis in truth was proved by the vast riches found after his death in underground caves. They were given away by a key hanging round the neck of the dead man. This turned lock of his private chest, and the records thus disclosed revealed the types of metals he owned, and their weights.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum i.23.5-8
Episcopal see, acquisition/institution/division/merge (1)
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S1021 - witnessing Edward 15 joining the sees of Devon and Cornwall: King Edward 15 unites the sees of Devon and Cornwall, and moves the seat of the new bishopric to Exeter. : S1021 (1050)
Excommunication (1)
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Stigand 1.deposition: Stigand 1 was deprived of his priestly office by the just zeal and anathema from the pope [Leo 6 IX].: WilliamofPoitiers.GestaGuillelmi II.1
Exile (1)
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Godwine 51.exile in Flanders: When Godwine 51 saw that, through Robert 5's prompting, Edward 15 made reconciliation impossible, he pushed away the table in front of him (while Bishop Stigand 1, who had been the sorrowful bearer of the message, wept abundantly) and mounting horse rode hard for Bosham-on-Sea. Forced into banishment, he got ships there, and prayed to God to guide his life and way on sea and in this exile, as he had been faithful to his lord, King Edward 15, and guiltless of all those things that had caused these hatreds. And with his wife [Gytha 1] and children he came to his destination, to that old friend of the English people, Count Baldwin 4. Meanwhile Robert 5 went from the king's palace with a large force of soldiers in pursuit of Godwine 51 all night.: Anon.VitaEdwardiRegis I.3
Flight (2)
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Events of 1066 (MS D): Earl Tosti 2 came from overseas into the Isle of Wight with as large a fleet as he could muster, and both money and provisions were given him. And King Harold 3 and his brother assembled a naval force and a land force larger than any king had assembled before in this country, because he had been told that William 1 the Bastard [Wyllelm Bastard] meant to come here and subdue this country. This was exactly what happened afterwards. Meanwhile Earl Tosti 2 came into the Humber with 60 ships and Earl Edwin 33 came with a land force and drove him out, and the sailors deserted him. And he went to Scotland with 12 small vessels, and there Harald 5, king of Norway, met him with 300 ships, and Tosti 2 submitted to him and became his vassal [him to beah 7 his man wearth]; and they both went up the Humber until they reached York. And there Earl Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 his brother fought against them; but the Norwegians had the victory. Harold 3, king of the English, was informed that things had gone thus; and the fight was on the Vigil of St Matthew [20 September]. Then Harold 3 our king came upon the Norwegians by surprise and met them beyond York at Stamford Bridge with a large force of the English people; and that day there was a very fierce fight on both sides. There was killed Harald 5 Fairhair [Harfagera recte Hardrada] and Earl Tosti 2, and the Norwegians who survived took to flight; and the English attacked them fiercely as they pursued them until some got to the ships. Some were drowned, and some burned, and some destroyed in various ways so that few survived and the English remained in command of the field. The king gave quarter to Olaf 8 [Olafe], son of the Norse king [Norna cyng], and their bishop [Anonymous 10021] and the earl of Orkney [Anonymous 10022]and all those who survived on the ships, and they went up to our king and swore oaths that they would always keep peace and friendship with this country; and the king let them go home with 24 ships. These two pitched battles were fought within five nights. Then Count William 1 came from Normandy to Pevensey on Michaelmas eve, and as soon as they were able to move on they built a castle at Hastings. King Harold 3 was informed of this and he assembled a large army and came against him at the hoary apple-tree. And William 1 came against him by surprise before his army was drawn up in battle array. But the king nevertheless fought hard against him, with the men who were willing to support him, and there were heavy casualties on both sides. There King Harold 3 was killed and Earl Leofwine 69 his brother, and Earl Gyrth 1 his brother, and many good men, and the French remained masters of the field, even as God granted it to them because of the sins of the people. Archbishop Ealdred 37 and the citizens of London wanted to have Edgar 14 Cild [Edgar 14 Cild] as king, as was his proper due; and Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 promised him that they would fight on his side; but always the more it ought to have been forward the more it got behind, and the worse it grew from day to day, exactly as everything came to be at the end. The battle took place on the festival of Calixtus the pope [14 October]. And Count William 1 went back to Hastings and waited there to see whether submission would be made to him. But when he understood that no one meant to come to him, he went inland with all his army that was left to him, and that came to him afterwards from overseas, and ravaged all the region that he overran until he reached Berkhampstead. There he was met by Archbishop Ealdred 37 and Edgar 14 Cild, and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3, and all the chief men [betstan men] of London. And they submitted out of necessity after most damage had been done – and it was a great piece of folly that they had not done it earlier, since God would not make things better, because of our sins. And they gave hostages and swore oaths to him, and he promised them that he would be a gracious lord, and yet in the meantime they ravaged all that they overran. Then on Christmas day Archbishop Ealdred 37 consecrated him king at Westminster. And he promised Ealdred 37 on Christ’s book and swore moreover (before Ealdred 37 would place the crown on his head) that he would rule all this people as well as the best of the kings before him, if they would be loyal to him. All the same he laid taxes on people very severely, and then went in spring overseas to Normandy, and took with him Archbishop Stigand 1, and Æthelnoth 46, abbot of Glastonbury, and Edgar 14 Cild and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3 and Earl Waltheof 2 and many other good men from England. And Bishop Odo 3 and Earl William 2 stayed behind and built castles far and wide throughout this country, and distressed the wretched folk, and always after that it grew much worse. May the end be good when God wills!: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 D 1066 (1066)
Godwine 51.events of 1052 (MS E): The king and his council decided that ships should be sent to Sandwich, and they appointed Earl Ralph 1 and Earl Odda 8 as their captains [heafodmannum]. Then Earl Godwine 51 went out from Bruges with his ships to the Isere, and put out to sea a day before the eve of the midsummer festival, so that he came to Dungeness, which is south of Romney. Then it came to the knowledge of the earls out at Sandwich, and they then went out in pursuit of the other ships, and a land force was called out against the ships. Then meanwhile Earl Godwine 51 was warned; and he went to Pevensey, and the storm became so violent that the earls could not find out what had happened to Earl Godwine 51. And then Earl Godwine 51 put out again so that he got back to Bruges, and the other ships went back again to Sandwich. Then it was decided that the ships should go back again to London, and that other earls and other oarsmen [hasæta] should be appointed to them. But there was so long a delay that the naval expedition was quite abandoned and all the men went home. Earl Godwine 51 found out about this and hoisted his sail – and so did his fleet – and they went westward direct to the Isle of Wight and there landed, and ravaged there so long that the people paid them as much as they imposed on them, and then they went westward until they came to Portland and landed there, and did whatever damage they could. Then Harold 3 had come from Ireland with 9 ships, and he landed at Porlock, and there was a great force gathered there to oppose him, but he did not hesitate to obtain provisions for himself, and he landed and killed a great part of the force that opposed him, and seized for himself what came his way in cattle, men, and property; and then he went east to his father, and they both went eastward until they came to the Isle of Wight, and there took what they had left behind them. Then they went on to Pevensey and took with them as many ships as were serviceable and so proceeded to Dungeness. And he took all the ships that were at Romney and Hythe and Folkestone, and then they went east to Dover and landed and seized ships for themselves and as many hostages as they wished. So they came to Sandwich and there they did exactly the same, and everywhere they were given hostages and provisions wherever they asked for them. They went on to Northmouth [Kentish Stour] and so towards London, and some of the ships went within Sheppey and did much damage there, and they went to Milton Regis and burnt it down to the ground. Thus they proceeded on their way to London in pursuit of the earls. When they came to London the king and earls were all lying there with 50 ships ready to meet them. Then the earls sent to the king and asked him legally to return to them all those things of which they had been unjustly deprived. But the king refused for some time – for so long that the men who were with the earl were so incensed against the king and against his men that the earl himself had difficulty calming those men. Then Bishop Stigand 1 with the help of God went there and the wise men both inside the city and without, and they decided that hostages should be arranged for on both sides. And so it was done. Then Archbishop Robert 5 found out about this, and the Frenchmen, so that they took horses and departed, some west to Pentecost’s castle, and some north to Robert 5’s castle. And Archbishop Robert 5 and Bishop Ulf 13 and their companions went out at the east gate and killed or otherwise injured many young men, and went right on to Eadulfesness [The Naze, Essex], and he there got on board a broken-down ship, and went right on overseas, and left behind him his pallium and all the Church in this country. This was God’s will, in that he had obtained the dignity when it was not God’s will. Then a big council was summoned outside London, and all the earls and the chief men who were in the country were at the council. Then Earl Godwine 51 expounded his case, and cleared himself before King Edward 15, his lord [hlaford], and before all his country-men, declaring that he was guiltless of the charges brought against him, and against Harold 3 his son and all his children. Then the king granted the earl and his children his full friendship and full status as an earl, and all that he had had. And all the men who were with him were treated likewise. And the king gave the lady [Eadgyth 3] all that she had had. And Archbishop Robert 5 was declared utterly an outlaw, and all the Frenchmen too, because they were most responsible for the disagreement between Earl Godwine 51 and the king.
: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 E 1052 (1052)
Forfeiture (1)
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S1026 - Edward 15 granting land to Evesham: King Edward 15 to St Mary's, Evesham; grant of 3 hides (cassati) at Upper Swell, Gloucs., in return for the abbot's gift of 6 marks of gold. The land had been forfeited by Erusius 1 (? Earnsige), son of Oce 1.: S1026 (1055)
Gafol payment (1)
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Events of 1066 (MS D): Earl Tosti 2 came from overseas into the Isle of Wight with as large a fleet as he could muster, and both money and provisions were given him. And King Harold 3 and his brother assembled a naval force and a land force larger than any king had assembled before in this country, because he had been told that William 1 the Bastard [Wyllelm Bastard] meant to come here and subdue this country. This was exactly what happened afterwards. Meanwhile Earl Tosti 2 came into the Humber with 60 ships and Earl Edwin 33 came with a land force and drove him out, and the sailors deserted him. And he went to Scotland with 12 small vessels, and there Harald 5, king of Norway, met him with 300 ships, and Tosti 2 submitted to him and became his vassal [him to beah 7 his man wearth]; and they both went up the Humber until they reached York. And there Earl Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 his brother fought against them; but the Norwegians had the victory. Harold 3, king of the English, was informed that things had gone thus; and the fight was on the Vigil of St Matthew [20 September]. Then Harold 3 our king came upon the Norwegians by surprise and met them beyond York at Stamford Bridge with a large force of the English people; and that day there was a very fierce fight on both sides. There was killed Harald 5 Fairhair [Harfagera recte Hardrada] and Earl Tosti 2, and the Norwegians who survived took to flight; and the English attacked them fiercely as they pursued them until some got to the ships. Some were drowned, and some burned, and some destroyed in various ways so that few survived and the English remained in command of the field. The king gave quarter to Olaf 8 [Olafe], son of the Norse king [Norna cyng], and their bishop [Anonymous 10021] and the earl of Orkney [Anonymous 10022]and all those who survived on the ships, and they went up to our king and swore oaths that they would always keep peace and friendship with this country; and the king let them go home with 24 ships. These two pitched battles were fought within five nights. Then Count William 1 came from Normandy to Pevensey on Michaelmas eve, and as soon as they were able to move on they built a castle at Hastings. King Harold 3 was informed of this and he assembled a large army and came against him at the hoary apple-tree. And William 1 came against him by surprise before his army was drawn up in battle array. But the king nevertheless fought hard against him, with the men who were willing to support him, and there were heavy casualties on both sides. There King Harold 3 was killed and Earl Leofwine 69 his brother, and Earl Gyrth 1 his brother, and many good men, and the French remained masters of the field, even as God granted it to them because of the sins of the people. Archbishop Ealdred 37 and the citizens of London wanted to have Edgar 14 Cild [Edgar 14 Cild] as king, as was his proper due; and Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 promised him that they would fight on his side; but always the more it ought to have been forward the more it got behind, and the worse it grew from day to day, exactly as everything came to be at the end. The battle took place on the festival of Calixtus the pope [14 October]. And Count William 1 went back to Hastings and waited there to see whether submission would be made to him. But when he understood that no one meant to come to him, he went inland with all his army that was left to him, and that came to him afterwards from overseas, and ravaged all the region that he overran until he reached Berkhampstead. There he was met by Archbishop Ealdred 37 and Edgar 14 Cild, and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3, and all the chief men [betstan men] of London. And they submitted out of necessity after most damage had been done – and it was a great piece of folly that they had not done it earlier, since God would not make things better, because of our sins. And they gave hostages and swore oaths to him, and he promised them that he would be a gracious lord, and yet in the meantime they ravaged all that they overran. Then on Christmas day Archbishop Ealdred 37 consecrated him king at Westminster. And he promised Ealdred 37 on Christ’s book and swore moreover (before Ealdred 37 would place the crown on his head) that he would rule all this people as well as the best of the kings before him, if they would be loyal to him. All the same he laid taxes on people very severely, and then went in spring overseas to Normandy, and took with him Archbishop Stigand 1, and Æthelnoth 46, abbot of Glastonbury, and Edgar 14 Cild and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3 and Earl Waltheof 2 and many other good men from England. And Bishop Odo 3 and Earl William 2 stayed behind and built castles far and wide throughout this country, and distressed the wretched folk, and always after that it grew much worse. May the end be good when God wills!: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 D 1066 (1066)
Grant and Gift (37)
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Bates138 - William 1 consents to Leofric 60's grant to Exeter: King William 1 consents to Bishop Leofric 60 of Exeter’s grant to the church of St Peter of Exeter to supplement the canons’ food of 7 hides (mansi) in Bampton, Aston and Chimney, all in Oxforshire, and Holcombe, Devon, with fields, woods, meadows, cultivated and uncultivated land, profits and revenues, free of all payments, with the exception of military service and the construction and restoration of bridges and towns.: Bates138
Bates254 - William 1 and Matilda 2 granting to Paris, Saint-Denis: King William 1 and Matilda 2 grant the church of Deerhurst, Gloucs., to the abbey of Saint-Denis, as King Edward 15 had given it to Baldwin 5 a monk of Saint-Denis, before he became abbot of Bury St Edmunds. They also confirm King Edward 15's gift of Taynton, Oxfordshire.: Bates254 (1069)
Bates291 - writ of William 1 in favour of Westminster, St Peter's: King William 1 notifies Archbishop Stigand 1, Count Eustace 1 and all his thegns in Surrey that he has granted land in Battersea and Pyrford, Surrey, to the abbey of Westminster as fully and freely as Harold 3 held it on the day he died.: Bates291 (1066 x 1070)
Beorhtmær 17.bequeathing land to Canterbury, Christ Church: Beorhtmær 17 of Gracechurch (London) to Christ Church, Canterbury; grant of reversion of land (at Gracechurch) with All Hallows Church, after the death of his wife, Eadgifu 19, and his sons, Eadmær 13 and Æthelwine 50. : S1234 (1052 x 1070)
Ketel 4.bequeathing to Stigand 1: From Ketel 4's will: 'And I grant to Archbishop Stigand 1, my lord, the estate at Harling just as it stands, except that the men shall al be free, and that I grant ten acres to the church. And if I do not come back again, I grant to him as my heriot a helmet and a coat of mail and a horse with harness and a sword and a spear.': S1519 (1052 x 1066)
S1012 - Edward 15 granting land to Tofig 2: King Edward 15 to Tofig 2, his comes; grant of 2 hides (territoria) at Berghe.: S1017 (1048)
S1012 - Edward 15 granting land to Æthelstan 72: King Edward 15 to Æthelstan 72, his faithful minister; grant of 3 hides (cassati) at Ayston, Rutland. : S1014 (1046)
S1015 - Edward 15 granting land to Rouen, St Ouen: King Edward 15 to the community of St Ouen, Rouen; grant of land at Mersea, Essex. : S1015 (1046)
S1018 - Edward 15 granting land to Ælfwine 61: King Edward 15 to Ælfwine 61, his militaris; grant of 1 ploughland (carruga) at Hambledon, Hants..: S1018 (1049)
S1019 - Edward 15 granting land to Eadwulf 45: King Edward 15 to Eadwulf 45, his faithful minister; grant of 1.5 perticae at Tregony and at Trerice in St Dennis, Cornwall. : S1019 (1049)
S1020 - Edward 15 granting land to Abingdon, St Mary's: King Edward 15 to the church of St Mary, Abingdon; grant of 8 hides (mansae) on the river Kennet (at Leverton in Hungerford, Berks.), previously held by Eadric 59, rusticus.: S1020 (1050)
S1022 - Edward 15 granting land to Godwine 51: King Edward 15 to Godwine 51, dux; grant of 4 hides (mansae) in the common land at Sandford-on-Thames, Oxon.: S1022 (1050)
S1023 - Edward 15 granting land to Abingdon, St Mary's: King Edward 15 to the church of St Mary, Abingdon; grant of 5 hides (cassati) at Chilton, Berks..: S1023 (1052)
S1024 - Edward 15 granting land to Lutrise 1: King Edward 15 to Lutrise 1, his faithful minister; grant of a half hide (mansa) at Bashley, Hants..: S1024 (1053)
S1025 - Edward 15 granting land to Abingdon, St Mary's: King Edward 15 to the church of St Mary, Abingdon; grant of 4 hides (mansae) in the common land at Sandford-on-Thames, Oxon..: S1025 (1054)
S1026 - Edward 15 granting land to Evesham: King Edward 15 to St Mary's, Evesham; grant of 3 hides (cassati) at Upper Swell, Gloucs., in return for the abbot's gift of 6 marks of gold. The land had been forfeited by Erusius 1 (? Earnsige), son of Oce 1.: S1026 (1055)
S1027 - Edward 15 granting land to Ealdred 37: King Edward 15 to Ealdred 37, bishop; grant of land at Traboe, Trevallack and Grugwith, all in St Keverne, and at Trewethey in St Martin-in-Meneage, Cornwall. : S1027 (1059)
S1028 - Edward 15 granting land to Paris, Saint-Denis: King Edward 15 to Paris, Saint-Denis; grant of land at Taynton, Oxon..: S1028 (1059)
S1031 - Edward 15 granting land to Westminster 1: King Edward 15 to Westminster 1 Abbey; grant of 10 hides (mansae) in the common land at Wheathampstead, Herts..: S1031 (1060)
S1033 - Edward 15 granting land to Rouen, St Mary's: King Edward 15 to St Mary's, Rouen; grant of Ottery St Mary, Devon. : S1033 (1061)
S1034 - Edward 15 granting land to Wulfwald 1: King Edward 15 to Wulfwald 1, abbot; grant of land at Ashwick, Somerset.: S1034 (1061)
S1036 - Edward 15 confirming lands of Waltham 1: King Edward 15 to Waltham 1 Abbey; grant of privileges and confirmation of land at Waltham, Northland in Waltham, Paslow in High Ongar, South Weald, Upminster, Walhfare (? Walter Hall) in Boreham, Debden and Alderton in Loughton, Woodford, Essex; Lambeth, Surrey; Nazeing, Essex; Brickendon, Herts.; Millow, Arlesey, Beds.; Wormley, Herts.; Netteswell, Essex; Hitchin, Herts.; Luckington (or Loughton), Essex; and White Waltham, Berks..: S1036 (1062)
S1037a - Edward 15 granting the see of Worcester Ealdred 37: King Edward 15 to Archbishop Ealdred 37; grant of the see of Worcester. : S1037a (1065)
S1058 - Edward 15 granting land to Osfrith 19: King Edward 15 to Osfrith 19; grant of 5 hides (cassati) at Lench, Worcs., and a lease by Bishop Lyfing 15 of [another?] 5 hides at Lench, Worcs..: S1058 (1044 x 1051)
S1074 - writ of Edward 15 in favour of Bury: Writ of King Edward 15 announcing that he has granted the land at Pakenham, Suffolk, to St Edmund as fully and completely as Osgot 5 had it. : S1074 (1044 x 1047)
S1088 - writ of Edward 15 in favour of Stigand 1 and Christ Church: Writ of King Edward 15 declaring that he has granted to Archbishop Stigand 1 and the community at Christ Church judicial and financial rights over their own men and over as many thegns as he has granted them to have. : S1088 (1052 x 1066)
S1089 - writ of Edward 15 in favour of Stigand 1 and Christ Church: Writ of King Edward 15 declaring that he has granted to Archbishop Stigand 1 and the community at Christ Church all the lands that they had in the time of his predecessors and in his own time. : S1089 (1052 x 1066)
S1092 - writ of Edward 15 in favour of St Augustine's: Writ of King Edward 15 declaring that the land at Fordwich, Kent, previously granted by him to St Augustine's, is now to belong to the monastery with all the rights with which he has granted it to that house.: S1092 (1053 x 1066)
S1093 - writ of Edward 15 in favour of Chertsey: Writ of King Edward 15 declaring that he has granted to Chertsey Abbey, Chertsey, Egham, Thorpe and Chobham, Surrey, with judicial and financial rights. : S1093 (1053 x 1066)
S1094 - writ of Edward 15 in favour of Chertsey: Writ of King Edward 15 declaring that he has granted to Chertsey Abbey, Chertsey, Egham, Thorpe and Chobham, with the hundred of Godley, Surrey, with judicial and financial rights.: S1094 (1053 x 1066)
S1095 - writ of Edward 15 in favour of Chertsey: Writ of King Edward 15 declaring that he has granted to Chertsey Abbey and to Abbot Wulfwald 1 the hundred of Godley, Surrey, and that the abbot is to have judicial and financial rights over all his men and over his lands. : S1095 (1058 x 1066)
S1109 - writ of Edward 15 in favour of Ramsey: Writ of King Edward 15 declaring that he has granted to Ramsey Abbey judicial and financial rights and shipwreck and what is cast up by the sea at Brancaster and Ringstead, the soke within Bichamdic (cf. S 1108), the market at Downham, Norfolk, and judicial and financial rights in every shire in which St Benedict of Ramsey has land.: S1109 (1042 x 1066)
S1153 - writ of Edward 15 in favour of Winchester, Old Minster: Writ of King Edward 15 declaring that he has confirmed his mother's [Emma 2] bequest to the monks of Old Minster of a messuage (haga) called Ælfrices Godebegeaton in Winchester, which she held by the gift of King Æthelred 32 (cf. S 925), and of 10 hides on Hayling Island, Hants.: S1153 (1052 x 1053)
S1237 - witnessing Ælfgar 46 granting land to Rheims, St Remigius: Ælfgar 46, quondam comes, to the church of St Remigius, Rheims; grant of land at Lapley, Staffs..: S1237 (1061)
S1471 - Æthelric 76 and Eadsige 12 agreement: Agreement between Archbishop Eadsige 12 and Æthelric 76 concerning land at Chart, Stowting, Milton and a haga in Canterbury, all in Kent. The land at Chart had been purchased by Archbishop Ceolnoth 3 with his own money from the thegn Hæletha 1 and granted to him by charter by Æthelwulf 1, king of the West Saxons.: S1471 (1045)
S1479 - Ælfgar 46 declaring Ordwig 2's grant to Evesham: Declaration by Ælfgar 46, dux, that Ordwig 2, father of Abbot Æthelwig 15, gave to Evesham Abbey land at Acton Beauchamp, Herefords., and at Dorsington, Warwicks..: S1479 (1058 x 1062)
S787 - Edgar 11 granting privileges to Peterborough 1: King Edgar 11 to Peterborough 1 Abbey, with later confirmations, grant of privileges for the abbey and its land at Dogsthorpe, Eye, Paston and Oundle, Northants.; and confirmation of land at Barrow-upon-Humber, Lincs.; Warmington, Ashton, Kettering, Castor, Ailsworth, Walton, Werrington, Eye, and Thorp, Northants.; a mint at Stamford, Lincs.; and half of Whittlesey Mere: S787 (972)
Horse-using/giving/acquisition/riding (3)
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Godwine 51.exile in Flanders: When Godwine 51 saw that, through Robert 5's prompting, Edward 15 made reconciliation impossible, he pushed away the table in front of him (while Bishop Stigand 1, who had been the sorrowful bearer of the message, wept abundantly) and mounting horse rode hard for Bosham-on-Sea. Forced into banishment, he got ships there, and prayed to God to guide his life and way on sea and in this exile, as he had been faithful to his lord, King Edward 15, and guiltless of all those things that had caused these hatreds. And with his wife [Gytha 1] and children he came to his destination, to that old friend of the English people, Count Baldwin 4. Meanwhile Robert 5 went from the king's palace with a large force of soldiers in pursuit of Godwine 51 all night.: Anon.VitaEdwardiRegis I.3
Ketel 4.bequeathing to Stigand 1: From Ketel 4's will: 'And I grant to Archbishop Stigand 1, my lord, the estate at Harling just as it stands, except that the men shall al be free, and that I grant ten acres to the church. And if I do not come back again, I grant to him as my heriot a helmet and a coat of mail and a horse with harness and a sword and a spear.': S1519 (1052 x 1066)
Thurstan 9.bequeathing to Edward 15 and others: From Thurstan 9's will: 'I grant to my royal lord [Edward 15] as heriot two marks of gold and two horses with trappings, and a helmet and a coat of mail and a sword and two shields and two spears. And I desire that the estate at Bidicheseye shall be sold, and that two marks of gold shall be taken from that estate for the King's heriot; and Earl Harold 3 [is to receive] half a mark of gold, and Bishop Stigand 1 half a mark of gold, and my partner [Anonymous 10073] one mark of gold; and one mark of gold [is to be given] to his child, Thorth 4's brother [Anonymous 10074], and one mark of gold to Sendi Arfast 1. And what is left over, the heirs are to distribute it for the sake of his soul in his partner's witness, except that the outermost mill is to go to St Æthelburg's at Barking.': S1531 (1043 x 1045)
Hospitality (1)
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Godwine 51.exile in Flanders: When Godwine 51 saw that, through Robert 5's prompting, Edward 15 made reconciliation impossible, he pushed away the table in front of him (while Bishop Stigand 1, who had been the sorrowful bearer of the message, wept abundantly) and mounting horse rode hard for Bosham-on-Sea. Forced into banishment, he got ships there, and prayed to God to guide his life and way on sea and in this exile, as he had been faithful to his lord, King Edward 15, and guiltless of all those things that had caused these hatreds. And with his wife [Gytha 1] and children he came to his destination, to that old friend of the English people, Count Baldwin 4. Meanwhile Robert 5 went from the king's palace with a large force of soldiers in pursuit of Godwine 51 all night.: Anon.VitaEdwardiRegis I.3
Hostage-giving/taking (4)
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Events of 1066 (MS D): Earl Tosti 2 came from overseas into the Isle of Wight with as large a fleet as he could muster, and both money and provisions were given him. And King Harold 3 and his brother assembled a naval force and a land force larger than any king had assembled before in this country, because he had been told that William 1 the Bastard [Wyllelm Bastard] meant to come here and subdue this country. This was exactly what happened afterwards. Meanwhile Earl Tosti 2 came into the Humber with 60 ships and Earl Edwin 33 came with a land force and drove him out, and the sailors deserted him. And he went to Scotland with 12 small vessels, and there Harald 5, king of Norway, met him with 300 ships, and Tosti 2 submitted to him and became his vassal [him to beah 7 his man wearth]; and they both went up the Humber until they reached York. And there Earl Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 his brother fought against them; but the Norwegians had the victory. Harold 3, king of the English, was informed that things had gone thus; and the fight was on the Vigil of St Matthew [20 September]. Then Harold 3 our king came upon the Norwegians by surprise and met them beyond York at Stamford Bridge with a large force of the English people; and that day there was a very fierce fight on both sides. There was killed Harald 5 Fairhair [Harfagera recte Hardrada] and Earl Tosti 2, and the Norwegians who survived took to flight; and the English attacked them fiercely as they pursued them until some got to the ships. Some were drowned, and some burned, and some destroyed in various ways so that few survived and the English remained in command of the field. The king gave quarter to Olaf 8 [Olafe], son of the Norse king [Norna cyng], and their bishop [Anonymous 10021] and the earl of Orkney [Anonymous 10022]and all those who survived on the ships, and they went up to our king and swore oaths that they would always keep peace and friendship with this country; and the king let them go home with 24 ships. These two pitched battles were fought within five nights. Then Count William 1 came from Normandy to Pevensey on Michaelmas eve, and as soon as they were able to move on they built a castle at Hastings. King Harold 3 was informed of this and he assembled a large army and came against him at the hoary apple-tree. And William 1 came against him by surprise before his army was drawn up in battle array. But the king nevertheless fought hard against him, with the men who were willing to support him, and there were heavy casualties on both sides. There King Harold 3 was killed and Earl Leofwine 69 his brother, and Earl Gyrth 1 his brother, and many good men, and the French remained masters of the field, even as God granted it to them because of the sins of the people. Archbishop Ealdred 37 and the citizens of London wanted to have Edgar 14 Cild [Edgar 14 Cild] as king, as was his proper due; and Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 promised him that they would fight on his side; but always the more it ought to have been forward the more it got behind, and the worse it grew from day to day, exactly as everything came to be at the end. The battle took place on the festival of Calixtus the pope [14 October]. And Count William 1 went back to Hastings and waited there to see whether submission would be made to him. But when he understood that no one meant to come to him, he went inland with all his army that was left to him, and that came to him afterwards from overseas, and ravaged all the region that he overran until he reached Berkhampstead. There he was met by Archbishop Ealdred 37 and Edgar 14 Cild, and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3, and all the chief men [betstan men] of London. And they submitted out of necessity after most damage had been done – and it was a great piece of folly that they had not done it earlier, since God would not make things better, because of our sins. And they gave hostages and swore oaths to him, and he promised them that he would be a gracious lord, and yet in the meantime they ravaged all that they overran. Then on Christmas day Archbishop Ealdred 37 consecrated him king at Westminster. And he promised Ealdred 37 on Christ’s book and swore moreover (before Ealdred 37 would place the crown on his head) that he would rule all this people as well as the best of the kings before him, if they would be loyal to him. All the same he laid taxes on people very severely, and then went in spring overseas to Normandy, and took with him Archbishop Stigand 1, and Æthelnoth 46, abbot of Glastonbury, and Edgar 14 Cild and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3 and Earl Waltheof 2 and many other good men from England. And Bishop Odo 3 and Earl William 2 stayed behind and built castles far and wide throughout this country, and distressed the wretched folk, and always after that it grew much worse. May the end be good when God wills!: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 D 1066 (1066)
Godwine 51.events of 1052 (MS E): The king and his council decided that ships should be sent to Sandwich, and they appointed Earl Ralph 1 and Earl Odda 8 as their captains [heafodmannum]. Then Earl Godwine 51 went out from Bruges with his ships to the Isere, and put out to sea a day before the eve of the midsummer festival, so that he came to Dungeness, which is south of Romney. Then it came to the knowledge of the earls out at Sandwich, and they then went out in pursuit of the other ships, and a land force was called out against the ships. Then meanwhile Earl Godwine 51 was warned; and he went to Pevensey, and the storm became so violent that the earls could not find out what had happened to Earl Godwine 51. And then Earl Godwine 51 put out again so that he got back to Bruges, and the other ships went back again to Sandwich. Then it was decided that the ships should go back again to London, and that other earls and other oarsmen [hasæta] should be appointed to them. But there was so long a delay that the naval expedition was quite abandoned and all the men went home. Earl Godwine 51 found out about this and hoisted his sail – and so did his fleet – and they went westward direct to the Isle of Wight and there landed, and ravaged there so long that the people paid them as much as they imposed on them, and then they went westward until they came to Portland and landed there, and did whatever damage they could. Then Harold 3 had come from Ireland with 9 ships, and he landed at Porlock, and there was a great force gathered there to oppose him, but he did not hesitate to obtain provisions for himself, and he landed and killed a great part of the force that opposed him, and seized for himself what came his way in cattle, men, and property; and then he went east to his father, and they both went eastward until they came to the Isle of Wight, and there took what they had left behind them. Then they went on to Pevensey and took with them as many ships as were serviceable and so proceeded to Dungeness. And he took all the ships that were at Romney and Hythe and Folkestone, and then they went east to Dover and landed and seized ships for themselves and as many hostages as they wished. So they came to Sandwich and there they did exactly the same, and everywhere they were given hostages and provisions wherever they asked for them. They went on to Northmouth [Kentish Stour] and so towards London, and some of the ships went within Sheppey and did much damage there, and they went to Milton Regis and burnt it down to the ground. Thus they proceeded on their way to London in pursuit of the earls. When they came to London the king and earls were all lying there with 50 ships ready to meet them. Then the earls sent to the king and asked him legally to return to them all those things of which they had been unjustly deprived. But the king refused for some time – for so long that the men who were with the earl were so incensed against the king and against his men that the earl himself had difficulty calming those men. Then Bishop Stigand 1 with the help of God went there and the wise men both inside the city and without, and they decided that hostages should be arranged for on both sides. And so it was done. Then Archbishop Robert 5 found out about this, and the Frenchmen, so that they took horses and departed, some west to Pentecost’s castle, and some north to Robert 5’s castle. And Archbishop Robert 5 and Bishop Ulf 13 and their companions went out at the east gate and killed or otherwise injured many young men, and went right on to Eadulfesness [The Naze, Essex], and he there got on board a broken-down ship, and went right on overseas, and left behind him his pallium and all the Church in this country. This was God’s will, in that he had obtained the dignity when it was not God’s will. Then a big council was summoned outside London, and all the earls and the chief men who were in the country were at the council. Then Earl Godwine 51 expounded his case, and cleared himself before King Edward 15, his lord [hlaford], and before all his country-men, declaring that he was guiltless of the charges brought against him, and against Harold 3 his son and all his children. Then the king granted the earl and his children his full friendship and full status as an earl, and all that he had had. And all the men who were with him were treated likewise. And the king gave the lady [Eadgyth 3] all that she had had. And Archbishop Robert 5 was declared utterly an outlaw, and all the Frenchmen too, because they were most responsible for the disagreement between Earl Godwine 51 and the king.
: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 E 1052 (1052)
William 1.journey to Normandy in 1067 with leading Englishmen: MS D (1066): King William 1 went in spring overseas to Normandy, and took with him Archbishop Stigand 1, and Æthelnoth 46, abbot of Glastonbury, and Edgar 14 Cild and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3 and Earl Waltheof 2 and many other good men from England.
MS D (1067): This year the king came back to England on St Nicholas's day [6 December]. And that day Christ Church was burnt down.
MS E (1067): In this year the king went overseas and took with him hostages and money and came back the next year on St Nicholas’s day [6 December]. And that day Christ Church at Canterbury was burnt down.: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 D 1066, 1067; E 1067 (1067)
William 1.leaving for Normandy: Leaving for Normandy from Pevensey William 1 was determined to take away with him those Englishmen of high rank whose loyalty and power he particularly suspected: Archbishop Stigand 1, Edgar 14 the Ætheling, kinsman of King Edward 15, the three earls Edwin 33, Morcar 3 and Waltheof 2, and many others..., so that during his absence no revolt instigated by them might break out, and the general populace, deprived of their leaders, would be less capable of rebellion.: WilliamofPoitiers.GestaGuillelmi II.38
Hostility (1)
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Edward 15.trial of Godwine 51: Edward 15 believed the accusations of Robert 5 against Godwine 51, and all the nobles and earls from the whole of Britain assembled in the royal palace of Gloucester; and there, after Edward 15 had complained of all these things, he guiltless earl [Godwine 51] was formally charged with [killing of Alfred 54 and plotting against the king's life]. Godwine 51 asked through messengers for the king's peace, and offered to purge himself by ordeal of the crime with which he had been charged. Edward 15 refused. Gathered there were Siweard 11, Earl Leofric 49, and Ælfgar 46. And after they had all struggled in vain to get the foul charge put to the ordeal, the royal court moved from that palace to London. The earl [Godwine 51] too, guiltless and trusting in his conscience, which was for ever clear of such a crime, approached it with his men from the other side, and took up position outside the walls of that city on the River Thames, on a manor that belonged to him. From here he again sent messengers and showed himself in every way ready to satisfy the king in accordance to the law or beyond it. Whereupon by the efforts of Stigand 1, bishop of Winchester, the day of judgment was postponed. Meanwhile Archbishop Robert 5 stood fiercely in the way of the earl, and at length at his instigation there was declared by the king against the earl this insoluble judgment: that he could hope for the king's peace only when Godwine 51 gave him back his brother [Alfred 54] alive together with all his men and all their possessions.: Anon.VitaEdwardiRegis I.3
Illness/demonic seizure/madness (1)
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Ealdred 37.crowning William 1: William 1 refused to be blessed by Stigand 1 as king. Ealdred 37 was induced to conduct the consecration, but he made the king first to take an oath before the whole people to conduct himself with moderation towards his subjects, and treat English and French even-handedly. So as long as William 1 did so, Ealdred 37 loved his as his son; but when the king started to demand an inappropriate sum by way of tax from the people of the province, the bishop approached him through envoys. William 1 sent them away with a dusty answer, and Ealdred 37 cursed William 1. The king had to send to win the bishop over, but Ealdred 37 fell ill and died before the messengers arrived.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum iii.115.18-20
Imprisonment (1)
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Stigand 1.deposition: William 1 duke of Normandy came to England and subdued the country by force for arms. He spread the terror of his name far and wide by winning the battle of Hastings and receiving the surrender of Dover Castle, and then came to London. There, Stigand 1 and the most powerful of the English came out to show their support; after negotiations, William 1 received him as father and archbishop, while Stigand 1 received William 1 as king and son. But the king drew the line at receiving the crown from his hand, with his customary ingenuity arranging for people to forbid it in the pope’s name. Soon afterwards, he sailed over to Normandy, and took with him the reluctant Stigand 1 under a show of Honouring him, for he wanted to make sure the archbishop’s influence did not cause any emergence of treason in his absence. It is difficult to exaggerate the civilities he showed Stigand 1: he rose to his feet to do him honour on every occasion, and made sure he was welcomed by long and elaborate processions in every see and abbey of Normandy. But what lay behind this façade was revealed when there arrived in England Ermenfrid 1, bishop of Sion and Pope Alexander 1’s legate. At the king’s instance he summoned a council and deposed Stigand 1, though he called on William 1 to keep faith with him and protested that he was being subjected to violence. The king made smooth excuses, citing the pope’s command, but he did not efface the impression that he had engineered the deposition, for he kept Stigand 1 in prison at Winchester for the rest of his life. Stigand 1 lived a simple life there; the public purse provided little, and Stigand 1, with his innate obstinacy, refused to have anything brought in from his own estates. Indeed when his friends, especially Eadgyth 3, King Edward 15’s widow, urged him to dress and eat less austerely, he swore by everything sacred a false oath that he had not a penny to his name. That this oath had no basis in truth was proved by the vast riches found after his death in underground caves. They were given away by a key hanging round the neck of the dead man. This turned lock of his private chest, and the records thus disclosed revealed the types of metals he owned, and their weights.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum i.23.5-8
Indicating bounds (1)
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S1110 - writ of Edward 15 in favour of Ramsey and Peterborough: Writ of King Edward 15 declaring that he has confirmed the exchange of land at Luton, Northants., for land at Marholm, Northants., and the agreement made between Ælfwine 55, abbot of Ramsey, and Leofric 23, abbot of Peterborough; and has also confirmed the boundaries along King Cnut 3's Delph, Northants., as Ælfwine 55, abbot of Ramsey, proved his claim to them against Siweard 18, abbot of Thorney.: S1110 (1042 x 1066)
Invasion (1)
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Events of 1066 (MS D): Earl Tosti 2 came from overseas into the Isle of Wight with as large a fleet as he could muster, and both money and provisions were given him. And King Harold 3 and his brother assembled a naval force and a land force larger than any king had assembled before in this country, because he had been told that William 1 the Bastard [Wyllelm Bastard] meant to come here and subdue this country. This was exactly what happened afterwards. Meanwhile Earl Tosti 2 came into the Humber with 60 ships and Earl Edwin 33 came with a land force and drove him out, and the sailors deserted him. And he went to Scotland with 12 small vessels, and there Harald 5, king of Norway, met him with 300 ships, and Tosti 2 submitted to him and became his vassal [him to beah 7 his man wearth]; and they both went up the Humber until they reached York. And there Earl Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 his brother fought against them; but the Norwegians had the victory. Harold 3, king of the English, was informed that things had gone thus; and the fight was on the Vigil of St Matthew [20 September]. Then Harold 3 our king came upon the Norwegians by surprise and met them beyond York at Stamford Bridge with a large force of the English people; and that day there was a very fierce fight on both sides. There was killed Harald 5 Fairhair [Harfagera recte Hardrada] and Earl Tosti 2, and the Norwegians who survived took to flight; and the English attacked them fiercely as they pursued them until some got to the ships. Some were drowned, and some burned, and some destroyed in various ways so that few survived and the English remained in command of the field. The king gave quarter to Olaf 8 [Olafe], son of the Norse king [Norna cyng], and their bishop [Anonymous 10021] and the earl of Orkney [Anonymous 10022]and all those who survived on the ships, and they went up to our king and swore oaths that they would always keep peace and friendship with this country; and the king let them go home with 24 ships. These two pitched battles were fought within five nights. Then Count William 1 came from Normandy to Pevensey on Michaelmas eve, and as soon as they were able to move on they built a castle at Hastings. King Harold 3 was informed of this and he assembled a large army and came against him at the hoary apple-tree. And William 1 came against him by surprise before his army was drawn up in battle array. But the king nevertheless fought hard against him, with the men who were willing to support him, and there were heavy casualties on both sides. There King Harold 3 was killed and Earl Leofwine 69 his brother, and Earl Gyrth 1 his brother, and many good men, and the French remained masters of the field, even as God granted it to them because of the sins of the people. Archbishop Ealdred 37 and the citizens of London wanted to have Edgar 14 Cild [Edgar 14 Cild] as king, as was his proper due; and Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 promised him that they would fight on his side; but always the more it ought to have been forward the more it got behind, and the worse it grew from day to day, exactly as everything came to be at the end. The battle took place on the festival of Calixtus the pope [14 October]. And Count William 1 went back to Hastings and waited there to see whether submission would be made to him. But when he understood that no one meant to come to him, he went inland with all his army that was left to him, and that came to him afterwards from overseas, and ravaged all the region that he overran until he reached Berkhampstead. There he was met by Archbishop Ealdred 37 and Edgar 14 Cild, and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3, and all the chief men [betstan men] of London. And they submitted out of necessity after most damage had been done – and it was a great piece of folly that they had not done it earlier, since God would not make things better, because of our sins. And they gave hostages and swore oaths to him, and he promised them that he would be a gracious lord, and yet in the meantime they ravaged all that they overran. Then on Christmas day Archbishop Ealdred 37 consecrated him king at Westminster. And he promised Ealdred 37 on Christ’s book and swore moreover (before Ealdred 37 would place the crown on his head) that he would rule all this people as well as the best of the kings before him, if they would be loyal to him. All the same he laid taxes on people very severely, and then went in spring overseas to Normandy, and took with him Archbishop Stigand 1, and Æthelnoth 46, abbot of Glastonbury, and Edgar 14 Cild and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3 and Earl Waltheof 2 and many other good men from England. And Bishop Odo 3 and Earl William 2 stayed behind and built castles far and wide throughout this country, and distressed the wretched folk, and always after that it grew much worse. May the end be good when God wills!: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 D 1066 (1066)
Journey (7)
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Edward 15.trial of Godwine 51: Edward 15 believed the accusations of Robert 5 against Godwine 51, and all the nobles and earls from the whole of Britain assembled in the royal palace of Gloucester; and there, after Edward 15 had complained of all these things, he guiltless earl [Godwine 51] was formally charged with [killing of Alfred 54 and plotting against the king's life]. Godwine 51 asked through messengers for the king's peace, and offered to purge himself by ordeal of the crime with which he had been charged. Edward 15 refused. Gathered there were Siweard 11, Earl Leofric 49, and Ælfgar 46. And after they had all struggled in vain to get the foul charge put to the ordeal, the royal court moved from that palace to London. The earl [Godwine 51] too, guiltless and trusting in his conscience, which was for ever clear of such a crime, approached it with his men from the other side, and took up position outside the walls of that city on the River Thames, on a manor that belonged to him. From here he again sent messengers and showed himself in every way ready to satisfy the king in accordance to the law or beyond it. Whereupon by the efforts of Stigand 1, bishop of Winchester, the day of judgment was postponed. Meanwhile Archbishop Robert 5 stood fiercely in the way of the earl, and at length at his instigation there was declared by the king against the earl this insoluble judgment: that he could hope for the king's peace only when Godwine 51 gave him back his brother [Alfred 54] alive together with all his men and all their possessions.: Anon.VitaEdwardiRegis I.3
Events of 1066 (MS D): Earl Tosti 2 came from overseas into the Isle of Wight with as large a fleet as he could muster, and both money and provisions were given him. And King Harold 3 and his brother assembled a naval force and a land force larger than any king had assembled before in this country, because he had been told that William 1 the Bastard [Wyllelm Bastard] meant to come here and subdue this country. This was exactly what happened afterwards. Meanwhile Earl Tosti 2 came into the Humber with 60 ships and Earl Edwin 33 came with a land force and drove him out, and the sailors deserted him. And he went to Scotland with 12 small vessels, and there Harald 5, king of Norway, met him with 300 ships, and Tosti 2 submitted to him and became his vassal [him to beah 7 his man wearth]; and they both went up the Humber until they reached York. And there Earl Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 his brother fought against them; but the Norwegians had the victory. Harold 3, king of the English, was informed that things had gone thus; and the fight was on the Vigil of St Matthew [20 September]. Then Harold 3 our king came upon the Norwegians by surprise and met them beyond York at Stamford Bridge with a large force of the English people; and that day there was a very fierce fight on both sides. There was killed Harald 5 Fairhair [Harfagera recte Hardrada] and Earl Tosti 2, and the Norwegians who survived took to flight; and the English attacked them fiercely as they pursued them until some got to the ships. Some were drowned, and some burned, and some destroyed in various ways so that few survived and the English remained in command of the field. The king gave quarter to Olaf 8 [Olafe], son of the Norse king [Norna cyng], and their bishop [Anonymous 10021] and the earl of Orkney [Anonymous 10022]and all those who survived on the ships, and they went up to our king and swore oaths that they would always keep peace and friendship with this country; and the king let them go home with 24 ships. These two pitched battles were fought within five nights. Then Count William 1 came from Normandy to Pevensey on Michaelmas eve, and as soon as they were able to move on they built a castle at Hastings. King Harold 3 was informed of this and he assembled a large army and came against him at the hoary apple-tree. And William 1 came against him by surprise before his army was drawn up in battle array. But the king nevertheless fought hard against him, with the men who were willing to support him, and there were heavy casualties on both sides. There King Harold 3 was killed and Earl Leofwine 69 his brother, and Earl Gyrth 1 his brother, and many good men, and the French remained masters of the field, even as God granted it to them because of the sins of the people. Archbishop Ealdred 37 and the citizens of London wanted to have Edgar 14 Cild [Edgar 14 Cild] as king, as was his proper due; and Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 promised him that they would fight on his side; but always the more it ought to have been forward the more it got behind, and the worse it grew from day to day, exactly as everything came to be at the end. The battle took place on the festival of Calixtus the pope [14 October]. And Count William 1 went back to Hastings and waited there to see whether submission would be made to him. But when he understood that no one meant to come to him, he went inland with all his army that was left to him, and that came to him afterwards from overseas, and ravaged all the region that he overran until he reached Berkhampstead. There he was met by Archbishop Ealdred 37 and Edgar 14 Cild, and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3, and all the chief men [betstan men] of London. And they submitted out of necessity after most damage had been done – and it was a great piece of folly that they had not done it earlier, since God would not make things better, because of our sins. And they gave hostages and swore oaths to him, and he promised them that he would be a gracious lord, and yet in the meantime they ravaged all that they overran. Then on Christmas day Archbishop Ealdred 37 consecrated him king at Westminster. And he promised Ealdred 37 on Christ’s book and swore moreover (before Ealdred 37 would place the crown on his head) that he would rule all this people as well as the best of the kings before him, if they would be loyal to him. All the same he laid taxes on people very severely, and then went in spring overseas to Normandy, and took with him Archbishop Stigand 1, and Æthelnoth 46, abbot of Glastonbury, and Edgar 14 Cild and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3 and Earl Waltheof 2 and many other good men from England. And Bishop Odo 3 and Earl William 2 stayed behind and built castles far and wide throughout this country, and distressed the wretched folk, and always after that it grew much worse. May the end be good when God wills!: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 D 1066 (1066)
Godwine 51.events of 1052 (MS E): The king and his council decided that ships should be sent to Sandwich, and they appointed Earl Ralph 1 and Earl Odda 8 as their captains [heafodmannum]. Then Earl Godwine 51 went out from Bruges with his ships to the Isere, and put out to sea a day before the eve of the midsummer festival, so that he came to Dungeness, which is south of Romney. Then it came to the knowledge of the earls out at Sandwich, and they then went out in pursuit of the other ships, and a land force was called out against the ships. Then meanwhile Earl Godwine 51 was warned; and he went to Pevensey, and the storm became so violent that the earls could not find out what had happened to Earl Godwine 51. And then Earl Godwine 51 put out again so that he got back to Bruges, and the other ships went back again to Sandwich. Then it was decided that the ships should go back again to London, and that other earls and other oarsmen [hasæta] should be appointed to them. But there was so long a delay that the naval expedition was quite abandoned and all the men went home. Earl Godwine 51 found out about this and hoisted his sail – and so did his fleet – and they went westward direct to the Isle of Wight and there landed, and ravaged there so long that the people paid them as much as they imposed on them, and then they went westward until they came to Portland and landed there, and did whatever damage they could. Then Harold 3 had come from Ireland with 9 ships, and he landed at Porlock, and there was a great force gathered there to oppose him, but he did not hesitate to obtain provisions for himself, and he landed and killed a great part of the force that opposed him, and seized for himself what came his way in cattle, men, and property; and then he went east to his father, and they both went eastward until they came to the Isle of Wight, and there took what they had left behind them. Then they went on to Pevensey and took with them as many ships as were serviceable and so proceeded to Dungeness. And he took all the ships that were at Romney and Hythe and Folkestone, and then they went east to Dover and landed and seized ships for themselves and as many hostages as they wished. So they came to Sandwich and there they did exactly the same, and everywhere they were given hostages and provisions wherever they asked for them. They went on to Northmouth [Kentish Stour] and so towards London, and some of the ships went within Sheppey and did much damage there, and they went to Milton Regis and burnt it down to the ground. Thus they proceeded on their way to London in pursuit of the earls. When they came to London the king and earls were all lying there with 50 ships ready to meet them. Then the earls sent to the king and asked him legally to return to them all those things of which they had been unjustly deprived. But the king refused for some time – for so long that the men who were with the earl were so incensed against the king and against his men that the earl himself had difficulty calming those men. Then Bishop Stigand 1 with the help of God went there and the wise men both inside the city and without, and they decided that hostages should be arranged for on both sides. And so it was done. Then Archbishop Robert 5 found out about this, and the Frenchmen, so that they took horses and departed, some west to Pentecost’s castle, and some north to Robert 5’s castle. And Archbishop Robert 5 and Bishop Ulf 13 and their companions went out at the east gate and killed or otherwise injured many young men, and went right on to Eadulfesness [The Naze, Essex], and he there got on board a broken-down ship, and went right on overseas, and left behind him his pallium and all the Church in this country. This was God’s will, in that he had obtained the dignity when it was not God’s will. Then a big council was summoned outside London, and all the earls and the chief men who were in the country were at the council. Then Earl Godwine 51 expounded his case, and cleared himself before King Edward 15, his lord [hlaford], and before all his country-men, declaring that he was guiltless of the charges brought against him, and against Harold 3 his son and all his children. Then the king granted the earl and his children his full friendship and full status as an earl, and all that he had had. And all the men who were with him were treated likewise. And the king gave the lady [Eadgyth 3] all that she had had. And Archbishop Robert 5 was declared utterly an outlaw, and all the Frenchmen too, because they were most responsible for the disagreement between Earl Godwine 51 and the king.
: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 E 1052 (1052)
Godwine 51.exile in Flanders: When Godwine 51 saw that, through Robert 5's prompting, Edward 15 made reconciliation impossible, he pushed away the table in front of him (while Bishop Stigand 1, who had been the sorrowful bearer of the message, wept abundantly) and mounting horse rode hard for Bosham-on-Sea. Forced into banishment, he got ships there, and prayed to God to guide his life and way on sea and in this exile, as he had been faithful to his lord, King Edward 15, and guiltless of all those things that had caused these hatreds. And with his wife [Gytha 1] and children he came to his destination, to that old friend of the English people, Count Baldwin 4. Meanwhile Robert 5 went from the king's palace with a large force of soldiers in pursuit of Godwine 51 all night.: Anon.VitaEdwardiRegis I.3
Stigand 1.deposition: William 1 duke of Normandy came to England and subdued the country by force for arms. He spread the terror of his name far and wide by winning the battle of Hastings and receiving the surrender of Dover Castle, and then came to London. There, Stigand 1 and the most powerful of the English came out to show their support; after negotiations, William 1 received him as father and archbishop, while Stigand 1 received William 1 as king and son. But the king drew the line at receiving the crown from his hand, with his customary ingenuity arranging for people to forbid it in the pope’s name. Soon afterwards, he sailed over to Normandy, and took with him the reluctant Stigand 1 under a show of Honouring him, for he wanted to make sure the archbishop’s influence did not cause any emergence of treason in his absence. It is difficult to exaggerate the civilities he showed Stigand 1: he rose to his feet to do him honour on every occasion, and made sure he was welcomed by long and elaborate processions in every see and abbey of Normandy. But what lay behind this façade was revealed when there arrived in England Ermenfrid 1, bishop of Sion and Pope Alexander 1’s legate. At the king’s instance he summoned a council and deposed Stigand 1, though he called on William 1 to keep faith with him and protested that he was being subjected to violence. The king made smooth excuses, citing the pope’s command, but he did not efface the impression that he had engineered the deposition, for he kept Stigand 1 in prison at Winchester for the rest of his life. Stigand 1 lived a simple life there; the public purse provided little, and Stigand 1, with his innate obstinacy, refused to have anything brought in from his own estates. Indeed when his friends, especially Eadgyth 3, King Edward 15’s widow, urged him to dress and eat less austerely, he swore by everything sacred a false oath that he had not a penny to his name. That this oath had no basis in truth was proved by the vast riches found after his death in underground caves. They were given away by a key hanging round the neck of the dead man. This turned lock of his private chest, and the records thus disclosed revealed the types of metals he owned, and their weights.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum i.23.5-8
William 1.journey to Normandy in 1067 with leading Englishmen: MS D (1066): King William 1 went in spring overseas to Normandy, and took with him Archbishop Stigand 1, and Æthelnoth 46, abbot of Glastonbury, and Edgar 14 Cild and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3 and Earl Waltheof 2 and many other good men from England.
MS D (1067): This year the king came back to England on St Nicholas's day [6 December]. And that day Christ Church was burnt down.
MS E (1067): In this year the king went overseas and took with him hostages and money and came back the next year on St Nicholas’s day [6 December]. And that day Christ Church at Canterbury was burnt down.: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 D 1066, 1067; E 1067 (1067)
William 1.leaving for Normandy: Leaving for Normandy from Pevensey William 1 was determined to take away with him those Englishmen of high rank whose loyalty and power he particularly suspected: Archbishop Stigand 1, Edgar 14 the Ætheling, kinsman of King Edward 15, the three earls Edwin 33, Morcar 3 and Waltheof 2, and many others..., so that during his absence no revolt instigated by them might break out, and the general populace, deprived of their leaders, would be less capable of rebellion.: WilliamofPoitiers.GestaGuillelmi II.38
Judicial decision/review (1)
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S1110 - writ of Edward 15 in favour of Ramsey and Peterborough: Writ of King Edward 15 declaring that he has confirmed the exchange of land at Luton, Northants., for land at Marholm, Northants., and the agreement made between Ælfwine 55, abbot of Ramsey, and Leofric 23, abbot of Peterborough; and has also confirmed the boundaries along King Cnut 3's Delph, Northants., as Ælfwine 55, abbot of Ramsey, proved his claim to them against Siweard 18, abbot of Thorney.: S1110 (1042 x 1066)
Killing/murder (2)
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Events of 1066 (MS D): Earl Tosti 2 came from overseas into the Isle of Wight with as large a fleet as he could muster, and both money and provisions were given him. And King Harold 3 and his brother assembled a naval force and a land force larger than any king had assembled before in this country, because he had been told that William 1 the Bastard [Wyllelm Bastard] meant to come here and subdue this country. This was exactly what happened afterwards. Meanwhile Earl Tosti 2 came into the Humber with 60 ships and Earl Edwin 33 came with a land force and drove him out, and the sailors deserted him. And he went to Scotland with 12 small vessels, and there Harald 5, king of Norway, met him with 300 ships, and Tosti 2 submitted to him and became his vassal [him to beah 7 his man wearth]; and they both went up the Humber until they reached York. And there Earl Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 his brother fought against them; but the Norwegians had the victory. Harold 3, king of the English, was informed that things had gone thus; and the fight was on the Vigil of St Matthew [20 September]. Then Harold 3 our king came upon the Norwegians by surprise and met them beyond York at Stamford Bridge with a large force of the English people; and that day there was a very fierce fight on both sides. There was killed Harald 5 Fairhair [Harfagera recte Hardrada] and Earl Tosti 2, and the Norwegians who survived took to flight; and the English attacked them fiercely as they pursued them until some got to the ships. Some were drowned, and some burned, and some destroyed in various ways so that few survived and the English remained in command of the field. The king gave quarter to Olaf 8 [Olafe], son of the Norse king [Norna cyng], and their bishop [Anonymous 10021] and the earl of Orkney [Anonymous 10022]and all those who survived on the ships, and they went up to our king and swore oaths that they would always keep peace and friendship with this country; and the king let them go home with 24 ships. These two pitched battles were fought within five nights. Then Count William 1 came from Normandy to Pevensey on Michaelmas eve, and as soon as they were able to move on they built a castle at Hastings. King Harold 3 was informed of this and he assembled a large army and came against him at the hoary apple-tree. And William 1 came against him by surprise before his army was drawn up in battle array. But the king nevertheless fought hard against him, with the men who were willing to support him, and there were heavy casualties on both sides. There King Harold 3 was killed and Earl Leofwine 69 his brother, and Earl Gyrth 1 his brother, and many good men, and the French remained masters of the field, even as God granted it to them because of the sins of the people. Archbishop Ealdred 37 and the citizens of London wanted to have Edgar 14 Cild [Edgar 14 Cild] as king, as was his proper due; and Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 promised him that they would fight on his side; but always the more it ought to have been forward the more it got behind, and the worse it grew from day to day, exactly as everything came to be at the end. The battle took place on the festival of Calixtus the pope [14 October]. And Count William 1 went back to Hastings and waited there to see whether submission would be made to him. But when he understood that no one meant to come to him, he went inland with all his army that was left to him, and that came to him afterwards from overseas, and ravaged all the region that he overran until he reached Berkhampstead. There he was met by Archbishop Ealdred 37 and Edgar 14 Cild, and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3, and all the chief men [betstan men] of London. And they submitted out of necessity after most damage had been done – and it was a great piece of folly that they had not done it earlier, since God would not make things better, because of our sins. And they gave hostages and swore oaths to him, and he promised them that he would be a gracious lord, and yet in the meantime they ravaged all that they overran. Then on Christmas day Archbishop Ealdred 37 consecrated him king at Westminster. And he promised Ealdred 37 on Christ’s book and swore moreover (before Ealdred 37 would place the crown on his head) that he would rule all this people as well as the best of the kings before him, if they would be loyal to him. All the same he laid taxes on people very severely, and then went in spring overseas to Normandy, and took with him Archbishop Stigand 1, and Æthelnoth 46, abbot of Glastonbury, and Edgar 14 Cild and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3 and Earl Waltheof 2 and many other good men from England. And Bishop Odo 3 and Earl William 2 stayed behind and built castles far and wide throughout this country, and distressed the wretched folk, and always after that it grew much worse. May the end be good when God wills!: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 D 1066 (1066)
Godwine 51.events of 1052 (MS E): The king and his council decided that ships should be sent to Sandwich, and they appointed Earl Ralph 1 and Earl Odda 8 as their captains [heafodmannum]. Then Earl Godwine 51 went out from Bruges with his ships to the Isere, and put out to sea a day before the eve of the midsummer festival, so that he came to Dungeness, which is south of Romney. Then it came to the knowledge of the earls out at Sandwich, and they then went out in pursuit of the other ships, and a land force was called out against the ships. Then meanwhile Earl Godwine 51 was warned; and he went to Pevensey, and the storm became so violent that the earls could not find out what had happened to Earl Godwine 51. And then Earl Godwine 51 put out again so that he got back to Bruges, and the other ships went back again to Sandwich. Then it was decided that the ships should go back again to London, and that other earls and other oarsmen [hasæta] should be appointed to them. But there was so long a delay that the naval expedition was quite abandoned and all the men went home. Earl Godwine 51 found out about this and hoisted his sail – and so did his fleet – and they went westward direct to the Isle of Wight and there landed, and ravaged there so long that the people paid them as much as they imposed on them, and then they went westward until they came to Portland and landed there, and did whatever damage they could. Then Harold 3 had come from Ireland with 9 ships, and he landed at Porlock, and there was a great force gathered there to oppose him, but he did not hesitate to obtain provisions for himself, and he landed and killed a great part of the force that opposed him, and seized for himself what came his way in cattle, men, and property; and then he went east to his father, and they both went eastward until they came to the Isle of Wight, and there took what they had left behind them. Then they went on to Pevensey and took with them as many ships as were serviceable and so proceeded to Dungeness. And he took all the ships that were at Romney and Hythe and Folkestone, and then they went east to Dover and landed and seized ships for themselves and as many hostages as they wished. So they came to Sandwich and there they did exactly the same, and everywhere they were given hostages and provisions wherever they asked for them. They went on to Northmouth [Kentish Stour] and so towards London, and some of the ships went within Sheppey and did much damage there, and they went to Milton Regis and burnt it down to the ground. Thus they proceeded on their way to London in pursuit of the earls. When they came to London the king and earls were all lying there with 50 ships ready to meet them. Then the earls sent to the king and asked him legally to return to them all those things of which they had been unjustly deprived. But the king refused for some time – for so long that the men who were with the earl were so incensed against the king and against his men that the earl himself had difficulty calming those men. Then Bishop Stigand 1 with the help of God went there and the wise men both inside the city and without, and they decided that hostages should be arranged for on both sides. And so it was done. Then Archbishop Robert 5 found out about this, and the Frenchmen, so that they took horses and departed, some west to Pentecost’s castle, and some north to Robert 5’s castle. And Archbishop Robert 5 and Bishop Ulf 13 and their companions went out at the east gate and killed or otherwise injured many young men, and went right on to Eadulfesness [The Naze, Essex], and he there got on board a broken-down ship, and went right on overseas, and left behind him his pallium and all the Church in this country. This was God’s will, in that he had obtained the dignity when it was not God’s will. Then a big council was summoned outside London, and all the earls and the chief men who were in the country were at the council. Then Earl Godwine 51 expounded his case, and cleared himself before King Edward 15, his lord [hlaford], and before all his country-men, declaring that he was guiltless of the charges brought against him, and against Harold 3 his son and all his children. Then the king granted the earl and his children his full friendship and full status as an earl, and all that he had had. And all the men who were with him were treated likewise. And the king gave the lady [Eadgyth 3] all that she had had. And Archbishop Robert 5 was declared utterly an outlaw, and all the Frenchmen too, because they were most responsible for the disagreement between Earl Godwine 51 and the king.
: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 E 1052 (1052)
Lease (7)
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S1058 - Edward 15 granting land to Osfrith 19: King Edward 15 to Osfrith 19; grant of 5 hides (cassati) at Lench, Worcs., and a lease by Bishop Lyfing 15 of [another?] 5 hides at Lench, Worcs..: S1058 (1044 x 1051)
S1059 - Edward 15 confirming agreement for Peterborough 1: King Edward 15 to Peterborough 1 Abbey; confirmation of an agreement concerning land at Scotton, Scotter and Manton, Lincs., acquired by the monk Brand 5 leased Scotton and Scotter to Asketil 2 for an annual money-payment. In return for a life tenure on Manton, Asketil 2 undertook to bequeath an estate at Thorp (Ravensthorpe) to Brand 5.: S1059 (1061 x 1066)
S1403 - Stigand 1 leasing land to Wulfric 72: Stigand 1, bishop, and the community at Old Minster, to Wulfric 72; lease, for two lives, of 2 hides and one yardland at Alton Priors and three yardlands at Patney, Wilts., with meadow and pasture. : S1403 (1047 x 1053)
S1426 - Ælfwig 23 leasing land to Stigand 1: Ælfwig 23, abbot, and the community at Bath, to Stigand 1, archbishop; lease, for life, of 30 hides at Tidenham, Gloucs., in return for 10 marks of gold and 20 pounds of silver, with reversion to the abbey. The lessee is to pay an annual render of one mark of gold, 6 porpoises and thirty thousand herring. : S1426 (1061 x 1065)
Stigand 1.leasing land to Wulfric 72: Stigand 1, bishop, and the community at Old Minster, to Wulfric 72; lease, for two lives, of 2 hides and one yardland at Alton Priors and three yardlands at Patney, Wilts., with meadow and pasture.: S1403 (1047 x 1053)
Stigand 1.leasing land to Æthelmær 36: Stigand 1, bishop, and the community at Old Minster, to Æthelmær 36; lease, for his lifetime and that of his son, Sæman 1, of 1 hide at Sparsholt, Hants., in return for a sum of money.: S1402 (1047 x 1057)
Ælfwig 23.leasing land to Stigand 1: Ælfwig 23, abbot, and the community at Bath, to Stigand 1, archbishop; lease, for life, of 30 hides at Tidenham, Gloucs., in return for 10 marks of gold and 20 pounds of silver, with reversion to the abbey. The lessee is to pay an annual render of one mark of gold, 6 porpoises and thirty thousand herring.: S1426 (1061 x 1065)
Medical treatment/sick-care/cautery (1)
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Edward 15.deathbed vision: On his deathbed Edward 15 had a vision of two monks, whom he used to know in Normandy as a young man, who foretold that God would deliver the kingdom of England into the hands of the enemy in a year for the sins of the earls, bishops, abbots and monks. When those who were present had heard these words - that is to say, the queen [Eadgyth 3], who was sitting on the floor warming his feet in her lap, her full brother, Earl Harold 3, and Robert 14, the steward of the royal palace and a kinsman of the king, also Archbishop Stigand 1 and a few more whom the blessed king when roused from sleep had ordered to be summoned - they all were sore afraid. And while all were stupefied and silent from the effect of terror, the archbishop himself, who ought to have been the first either to be afraid or to give a word of advice, with folly at heart whispered in the ear of the earl [Harold 3] that the king was broken with age and disease and knew not what he said. But the queen, and those who had been wont to know and fear God in their hearts, all pondered deeply the words they had heard, and understood them quite otherwise, and correctly.: Anon.VitaEdwardiRegis II.11
Message-sending (3)
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Ealdred 37.crowning William 1: William 1 refused to be blessed by Stigand 1 as king. Ealdred 37 was induced to conduct the consecration, but he made the king first to take an oath before the whole people to conduct himself with moderation towards his subjects, and treat English and French even-handedly. So as long as William 1 did so, Ealdred 37 loved his as his son; but when the king started to demand an inappropriate sum by way of tax from the people of the province, the bishop approached him through envoys. William 1 sent them away with a dusty answer, and Ealdred 37 cursed William 1. The king had to send to win the bishop over, but Ealdred 37 fell ill and died before the messengers arrived.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum iii.115.18-20
Edward 15.trial of Godwine 51: Edward 15 believed the accusations of Robert 5 against Godwine 51, and all the nobles and earls from the whole of Britain assembled in the royal palace of Gloucester; and there, after Edward 15 had complained of all these things, he guiltless earl [Godwine 51] was formally charged with [killing of Alfred 54 and plotting against the king's life]. Godwine 51 asked through messengers for the king's peace, and offered to purge himself by ordeal of the crime with which he had been charged. Edward 15 refused. Gathered there were Siweard 11, Earl Leofric 49, and Ælfgar 46. And after they had all struggled in vain to get the foul charge put to the ordeal, the royal court moved from that palace to London. The earl [Godwine 51] too, guiltless and trusting in his conscience, which was for ever clear of such a crime, approached it with his men from the other side, and took up position outside the walls of that city on the River Thames, on a manor that belonged to him. From here he again sent messengers and showed himself in every way ready to satisfy the king in accordance to the law or beyond it. Whereupon by the efforts of Stigand 1, bishop of Winchester, the day of judgment was postponed. Meanwhile Archbishop Robert 5 stood fiercely in the way of the earl, and at length at his instigation there was declared by the king against the earl this insoluble judgment: that he could hope for the king's peace only when Godwine 51 gave him back his brother [Alfred 54] alive together with all his men and all their possessions.: Anon.VitaEdwardiRegis I.3
Godwine 51.exile in Flanders: When Godwine 51 saw that, through Robert 5's prompting, Edward 15 made reconciliation impossible, he pushed away the table in front of him (while Bishop Stigand 1, who had been the sorrowful bearer of the message, wept abundantly) and mounting horse rode hard for Bosham-on-Sea. Forced into banishment, he got ships there, and prayed to God to guide his life and way on sea and in this exile, as he had been faithful to his lord, King Edward 15, and guiltless of all those things that had caused these hatreds. And with his wife [Gytha 1] and children he came to his destination, to that old friend of the English people, Count Baldwin 4. Meanwhile Robert 5 went from the king's palace with a large force of soldiers in pursuit of Godwine 51 all night.: Anon.VitaEdwardiRegis I.3
Military strategy (2)
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Events of 1066 (MS D): Earl Tosti 2 came from overseas into the Isle of Wight with as large a fleet as he could muster, and both money and provisions were given him. And King Harold 3 and his brother assembled a naval force and a land force larger than any king had assembled before in this country, because he had been told that William 1 the Bastard [Wyllelm Bastard] meant to come here and subdue this country. This was exactly what happened afterwards. Meanwhile Earl Tosti 2 came into the Humber with 60 ships and Earl Edwin 33 came with a land force and drove him out, and the sailors deserted him. And he went to Scotland with 12 small vessels, and there Harald 5, king of Norway, met him with 300 ships, and Tosti 2 submitted to him and became his vassal [him to beah 7 his man wearth]; and they both went up the Humber until they reached York. And there Earl Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 his brother fought against them; but the Norwegians had the victory. Harold 3, king of the English, was informed that things had gone thus; and the fight was on the Vigil of St Matthew [20 September]. Then Harold 3 our king came upon the Norwegians by surprise and met them beyond York at Stamford Bridge with a large force of the English people; and that day there was a very fierce fight on both sides. There was killed Harald 5 Fairhair [Harfagera recte Hardrada] and Earl Tosti 2, and the Norwegians who survived took to flight; and the English attacked them fiercely as they pursued them until some got to the ships. Some were drowned, and some burned, and some destroyed in various ways so that few survived and the English remained in command of the field. The king gave quarter to Olaf 8 [Olafe], son of the Norse king [Norna cyng], and their bishop [Anonymous 10021] and the earl of Orkney [Anonymous 10022]and all those who survived on the ships, and they went up to our king and swore oaths that they would always keep peace and friendship with this country; and the king let them go home with 24 ships. These two pitched battles were fought within five nights. Then Count William 1 came from Normandy to Pevensey on Michaelmas eve, and as soon as they were able to move on they built a castle at Hastings. King Harold 3 was informed of this and he assembled a large army and came against him at the hoary apple-tree. And William 1 came against him by surprise before his army was drawn up in battle array. But the king nevertheless fought hard against him, with the men who were willing to support him, and there were heavy casualties on both sides. There King Harold 3 was killed and Earl Leofwine 69 his brother, and Earl Gyrth 1 his brother, and many good men, and the French remained masters of the field, even as God granted it to them because of the sins of the people. Archbishop Ealdred 37 and the citizens of London wanted to have Edgar 14 Cild [Edgar 14 Cild] as king, as was his proper due; and Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 promised him that they would fight on his side; but always the more it ought to have been forward the more it got behind, and the worse it grew from day to day, exactly as everything came to be at the end. The battle took place on the festival of Calixtus the pope [14 October]. And Count William 1 went back to Hastings and waited there to see whether submission would be made to him. But when he understood that no one meant to come to him, he went inland with all his army that was left to him, and that came to him afterwards from overseas, and ravaged all the region that he overran until he reached Berkhampstead. There he was met by Archbishop Ealdred 37 and Edgar 14 Cild, and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3, and all the chief men [betstan men] of London. And they submitted out of necessity after most damage had been done – and it was a great piece of folly that they had not done it earlier, since God would not make things better, because of our sins. And they gave hostages and swore oaths to him, and he promised them that he would be a gracious lord, and yet in the meantime they ravaged all that they overran. Then on Christmas day Archbishop Ealdred 37 consecrated him king at Westminster. And he promised Ealdred 37 on Christ’s book and swore moreover (before Ealdred 37 would place the crown on his head) that he would rule all this people as well as the best of the kings before him, if they would be loyal to him. All the same he laid taxes on people very severely, and then went in spring overseas to Normandy, and took with him Archbishop Stigand 1, and Æthelnoth 46, abbot of Glastonbury, and Edgar 14 Cild and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3 and Earl Waltheof 2 and many other good men from England. And Bishop Odo 3 and Earl William 2 stayed behind and built castles far and wide throughout this country, and distressed the wretched folk, and always after that it grew much worse. May the end be good when God wills!: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 D 1066 (1066)
Godwine 51.events of 1052 (MS E): The king and his council decided that ships should be sent to Sandwich, and they appointed Earl Ralph 1 and Earl Odda 8 as their captains [heafodmannum]. Then Earl Godwine 51 went out from Bruges with his ships to the Isere, and put out to sea a day before the eve of the midsummer festival, so that he came to Dungeness, which is south of Romney. Then it came to the knowledge of the earls out at Sandwich, and they then went out in pursuit of the other ships, and a land force was called out against the ships. Then meanwhile Earl Godwine 51 was warned; and he went to Pevensey, and the storm became so violent that the earls could not find out what had happened to Earl Godwine 51. And then Earl Godwine 51 put out again so that he got back to Bruges, and the other ships went back again to Sandwich. Then it was decided that the ships should go back again to London, and that other earls and other oarsmen [hasæta] should be appointed to them. But there was so long a delay that the naval expedition was quite abandoned and all the men went home. Earl Godwine 51 found out about this and hoisted his sail – and so did his fleet – and they went westward direct to the Isle of Wight and there landed, and ravaged there so long that the people paid them as much as they imposed on them, and then they went westward until they came to Portland and landed there, and did whatever damage they could. Then Harold 3 had come from Ireland with 9 ships, and he landed at Porlock, and there was a great force gathered there to oppose him, but he did not hesitate to obtain provisions for himself, and he landed and killed a great part of the force that opposed him, and seized for himself what came his way in cattle, men, and property; and then he went east to his father, and they both went eastward until they came to the Isle of Wight, and there took what they had left behind them. Then they went on to Pevensey and took with them as many ships as were serviceable and so proceeded to Dungeness. And he took all the ships that were at Romney and Hythe and Folkestone, and then they went east to Dover and landed and seized ships for themselves and as many hostages as they wished. So they came to Sandwich and there they did exactly the same, and everywhere they were given hostages and provisions wherever they asked for them. They went on to Northmouth [Kentish Stour] and so towards London, and some of the ships went within Sheppey and did much damage there, and they went to Milton Regis and burnt it down to the ground. Thus they proceeded on their way to London in pursuit of the earls. When they came to London the king and earls were all lying there with 50 ships ready to meet them. Then the earls sent to the king and asked him legally to return to them all those things of which they had been unjustly deprived. But the king refused for some time – for so long that the men who were with the earl were so incensed against the king and against his men that the earl himself had difficulty calming those men. Then Bishop Stigand 1 with the help of God went there and the wise men both inside the city and without, and they decided that hostages should be arranged for on both sides. And so it was done. Then Archbishop Robert 5 found out about this, and the Frenchmen, so that they took horses and departed, some west to Pentecost’s castle, and some north to Robert 5’s castle. And Archbishop Robert 5 and Bishop Ulf 13 and their companions went out at the east gate and killed or otherwise injured many young men, and went right on to Eadulfesness [The Naze, Essex], and he there got on board a broken-down ship, and went right on overseas, and left behind him his pallium and all the Church in this country. This was God’s will, in that he had obtained the dignity when it was not God’s will. Then a big council was summoned outside London, and all the earls and the chief men who were in the country were at the council. Then Earl Godwine 51 expounded his case, and cleared himself before King Edward 15, his lord [hlaford], and before all his country-men, declaring that he was guiltless of the charges brought against him, and against Harold 3 his son and all his children. Then the king granted the earl and his children his full friendship and full status as an earl, and all that he had had. And all the men who were with him were treated likewise. And the king gave the lady [Eadgyth 3] all that she had had. And Archbishop Robert 5 was declared utterly an outlaw, and all the Frenchmen too, because they were most responsible for the disagreement between Earl Godwine 51 and the king.
: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 E 1052 (1052)
Mustering (1)
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Events of 1066 (MS D): Earl Tosti 2 came from overseas into the Isle of Wight with as large a fleet as he could muster, and both money and provisions were given him. And King Harold 3 and his brother assembled a naval force and a land force larger than any king had assembled before in this country, because he had been told that William 1 the Bastard [Wyllelm Bastard] meant to come here and subdue this country. This was exactly what happened afterwards. Meanwhile Earl Tosti 2 came into the Humber with 60 ships and Earl Edwin 33 came with a land force and drove him out, and the sailors deserted him. And he went to Scotland with 12 small vessels, and there Harald 5, king of Norway, met him with 300 ships, and Tosti 2 submitted to him and became his vassal [him to beah 7 his man wearth]; and they both went up the Humber until they reached York. And there Earl Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 his brother fought against them; but the Norwegians had the victory. Harold 3, king of the English, was informed that things had gone thus; and the fight was on the Vigil of St Matthew [20 September]. Then Harold 3 our king came upon the Norwegians by surprise and met them beyond York at Stamford Bridge with a large force of the English people; and that day there was a very fierce fight on both sides. There was killed Harald 5 Fairhair [Harfagera recte Hardrada] and Earl Tosti 2, and the Norwegians who survived took to flight; and the English attacked them fiercely as they pursued them until some got to the ships. Some were drowned, and some burned, and some destroyed in various ways so that few survived and the English remained in command of the field. The king gave quarter to Olaf 8 [Olafe], son of the Norse king [Norna cyng], and their bishop [Anonymous 10021] and the earl of Orkney [Anonymous 10022]and all those who survived on the ships, and they went up to our king and swore oaths that they would always keep peace and friendship with this country; and the king let them go home with 24 ships. These two pitched battles were fought within five nights. Then Count William 1 came from Normandy to Pevensey on Michaelmas eve, and as soon as they were able to move on they built a castle at Hastings. King Harold 3 was informed of this and he assembled a large army and came against him at the hoary apple-tree. And William 1 came against him by surprise before his army was drawn up in battle array. But the king nevertheless fought hard against him, with the men who were willing to support him, and there were heavy casualties on both sides. There King Harold 3 was killed and Earl Leofwine 69 his brother, and Earl Gyrth 1 his brother, and many good men, and the French remained masters of the field, even as God granted it to them because of the sins of the people. Archbishop Ealdred 37 and the citizens of London wanted to have Edgar 14 Cild [Edgar 14 Cild] as king, as was his proper due; and Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 promised him that they would fight on his side; but always the more it ought to have been forward the more it got behind, and the worse it grew from day to day, exactly as everything came to be at the end. The battle took place on the festival of Calixtus the pope [14 October]. And Count William 1 went back to Hastings and waited there to see whether submission would be made to him. But when he understood that no one meant to come to him, he went inland with all his army that was left to him, and that came to him afterwards from overseas, and ravaged all the region that he overran until he reached Berkhampstead. There he was met by Archbishop Ealdred 37 and Edgar 14 Cild, and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3, and all the chief men [betstan men] of London. And they submitted out of necessity after most damage had been done – and it was a great piece of folly that they had not done it earlier, since God would not make things better, because of our sins. And they gave hostages and swore oaths to him, and he promised them that he would be a gracious lord, and yet in the meantime they ravaged all that they overran. Then on Christmas day Archbishop Ealdred 37 consecrated him king at Westminster. And he promised Ealdred 37 on Christ’s book and swore moreover (before Ealdred 37 would place the crown on his head) that he would rule all this people as well as the best of the kings before him, if they would be loyal to him. All the same he laid taxes on people very severely, and then went in spring overseas to Normandy, and took with him Archbishop Stigand 1, and Æthelnoth 46, abbot of Glastonbury, and Edgar 14 Cild and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3 and Earl Waltheof 2 and many other good men from England. And Bishop Odo 3 and Earl William 2 stayed behind and built castles far and wide throughout this country, and distressed the wretched folk, and always after that it grew much worse. May the end be good when God wills!: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 D 1066 (1066)
Oath-swearing/fealty (4)
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Ealdred 37.crowning William 1: William 1 refused to be blessed by Stigand 1 as king. Ealdred 37 was induced to conduct the consecration, but he made the king first to take an oath before the whole people to conduct himself with moderation towards his subjects, and treat English and French even-handedly. So as long as William 1 did so, Ealdred 37 loved his as his son; but when the king started to demand an inappropriate sum by way of tax from the people of the province, the bishop approached him through envoys. William 1 sent them away with a dusty answer, and Ealdred 37 cursed William 1. The king had to send to win the bishop over, but Ealdred 37 fell ill and died before the messengers arrived.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum iii.115.18-20
Events of 1066 (MS D): Earl Tosti 2 came from overseas into the Isle of Wight with as large a fleet as he could muster, and both money and provisions were given him. And King Harold 3 and his brother assembled a naval force and a land force larger than any king had assembled before in this country, because he had been told that William 1 the Bastard [Wyllelm Bastard] meant to come here and subdue this country. This was exactly what happened afterwards. Meanwhile Earl Tosti 2 came into the Humber with 60 ships and Earl Edwin 33 came with a land force and drove him out, and the sailors deserted him. And he went to Scotland with 12 small vessels, and there Harald 5, king of Norway, met him with 300 ships, and Tosti 2 submitted to him and became his vassal [him to beah 7 his man wearth]; and they both went up the Humber until they reached York. And there Earl Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 his brother fought against them; but the Norwegians had the victory. Harold 3, king of the English, was informed that things had gone thus; and the fight was on the Vigil of St Matthew [20 September]. Then Harold 3 our king came upon the Norwegians by surprise and met them beyond York at Stamford Bridge with a large force of the English people; and that day there was a very fierce fight on both sides. There was killed Harald 5 Fairhair [Harfagera recte Hardrada] and Earl Tosti 2, and the Norwegians who survived took to flight; and the English attacked them fiercely as they pursued them until some got to the ships. Some were drowned, and some burned, and some destroyed in various ways so that few survived and the English remained in command of the field. The king gave quarter to Olaf 8 [Olafe], son of the Norse king [Norna cyng], and their bishop [Anonymous 10021] and the earl of Orkney [Anonymous 10022]and all those who survived on the ships, and they went up to our king and swore oaths that they would always keep peace and friendship with this country; and the king let them go home with 24 ships. These two pitched battles were fought within five nights. Then Count William 1 came from Normandy to Pevensey on Michaelmas eve, and as soon as they were able to move on they built a castle at Hastings. King Harold 3 was informed of this and he assembled a large army and came against him at the hoary apple-tree. And William 1 came against him by surprise before his army was drawn up in battle array. But the king nevertheless fought hard against him, with the men who were willing to support him, and there were heavy casualties on both sides. There King Harold 3 was killed and Earl Leofwine 69 his brother, and Earl Gyrth 1 his brother, and many good men, and the French remained masters of the field, even as God granted it to them because of the sins of the people. Archbishop Ealdred 37 and the citizens of London wanted to have Edgar 14 Cild [Edgar 14 Cild] as king, as was his proper due; and Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 promised him that they would fight on his side; but always the more it ought to have been forward the more it got behind, and the worse it grew from day to day, exactly as everything came to be at the end. The battle took place on the festival of Calixtus the pope [14 October]. And Count William 1 went back to Hastings and waited there to see whether submission would be made to him. But when he understood that no one meant to come to him, he went inland with all his army that was left to him, and that came to him afterwards from overseas, and ravaged all the region that he overran until he reached Berkhampstead. There he was met by Archbishop Ealdred 37 and Edgar 14 Cild, and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3, and all the chief men [betstan men] of London. And they submitted out of necessity after most damage had been done – and it was a great piece of folly that they had not done it earlier, since God would not make things better, because of our sins. And they gave hostages and swore oaths to him, and he promised them that he would be a gracious lord, and yet in the meantime they ravaged all that they overran. Then on Christmas day Archbishop Ealdred 37 consecrated him king at Westminster. And he promised Ealdred 37 on Christ’s book and swore moreover (before Ealdred 37 would place the crown on his head) that he would rule all this people as well as the best of the kings before him, if they would be loyal to him. All the same he laid taxes on people very severely, and then went in spring overseas to Normandy, and took with him Archbishop Stigand 1, and Æthelnoth 46, abbot of Glastonbury, and Edgar 14 Cild and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3 and Earl Waltheof 2 and many other good men from England. And Bishop Odo 3 and Earl William 2 stayed behind and built castles far and wide throughout this country, and distressed the wretched folk, and always after that it grew much worse. May the end be good when God wills!: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 D 1066 (1066)
Stigand 1.deposition: William 1 duke of Normandy came to England and subdued the country by force for arms. He spread the terror of his name far and wide by winning the battle of Hastings and receiving the surrender of Dover Castle, and then came to London. There, Stigand 1 and the most powerful of the English came out to show their support; after negotiations, William 1 received him as father and archbishop, while Stigand 1 received William 1 as king and son. But the king drew the line at receiving the crown from his hand, with his customary ingenuity arranging for people to forbid it in the pope’s name. Soon afterwards, he sailed over to Normandy, and took with him the reluctant Stigand 1 under a show of Honouring him, for he wanted to make sure the archbishop’s influence did not cause any emergence of treason in his absence. It is difficult to exaggerate the civilities he showed Stigand 1: he rose to his feet to do him honour on every occasion, and made sure he was welcomed by long and elaborate processions in every see and abbey of Normandy. But what lay behind this façade was revealed when there arrived in England Ermenfrid 1, bishop of Sion and Pope Alexander 1’s legate. At the king’s instance he summoned a council and deposed Stigand 1, though he called on William 1 to keep faith with him and protested that he was being subjected to violence. The king made smooth excuses, citing the pope’s command, but he did not efface the impression that he had engineered the deposition, for he kept Stigand 1 in prison at Winchester for the rest of his life. Stigand 1 lived a simple life there; the public purse provided little, and Stigand 1, with his innate obstinacy, refused to have anything brought in from his own estates. Indeed when his friends, especially Eadgyth 3, King Edward 15’s widow, urged him to dress and eat less austerely, he swore by everything sacred a false oath that he had not a penny to his name. That this oath had no basis in truth was proved by the vast riches found after his death in underground caves. They were given away by a key hanging round the neck of the dead man. This turned lock of his private chest, and the records thus disclosed revealed the types of metals he owned, and their weights.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum i.23.5-8
Stigand 1.homage to William 1: Stigand 1 the archbishop, coming to William 1 to Wallingford, did homage to him, confirmed his fealty with an oath, and renounced [Edgar 14] the Ætheling, whom he had elected without due consideration.: WilliamofPoitiers.GestaGuillelmi II.28
Ordeal (1)
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Edward 15.trial of Godwine 51: Edward 15 believed the accusations of Robert 5 against Godwine 51, and all the nobles and earls from the whole of Britain assembled in the royal palace of Gloucester; and there, after Edward 15 had complained of all these things, he guiltless earl [Godwine 51] was formally charged with [killing of Alfred 54 and plotting against the king's life]. Godwine 51 asked through messengers for the king's peace, and offered to purge himself by ordeal of the crime with which he had been charged. Edward 15 refused. Gathered there were Siweard 11, Earl Leofric 49, and Ælfgar 46. And after they had all struggled in vain to get the foul charge put to the ordeal, the royal court moved from that palace to London. The earl [Godwine 51] too, guiltless and trusting in his conscience, which was for ever clear of such a crime, approached it with his men from the other side, and took up position outside the walls of that city on the River Thames, on a manor that belonged to him. From here he again sent messengers and showed himself in every way ready to satisfy the king in accordance to the law or beyond it. Whereupon by the efforts of Stigand 1, bishop of Winchester, the day of judgment was postponed. Meanwhile Archbishop Robert 5 stood fiercely in the way of the earl, and at length at his instigation there was declared by the king against the earl this insoluble judgment: that he could hope for the king's peace only when Godwine 51 gave him back his brother [Alfred 54] alive together with all his men and all their possessions.: Anon.VitaEdwardiRegis I.3
Outlawing (1)
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Godwine 51.events of 1052 (MS E): The king and his council decided that ships should be sent to Sandwich, and they appointed Earl Ralph 1 and Earl Odda 8 as their captains [heafodmannum]. Then Earl Godwine 51 went out from Bruges with his ships to the Isere, and put out to sea a day before the eve of the midsummer festival, so that he came to Dungeness, which is south of Romney. Then it came to the knowledge of the earls out at Sandwich, and they then went out in pursuit of the other ships, and a land force was called out against the ships. Then meanwhile Earl Godwine 51 was warned; and he went to Pevensey, and the storm became so violent that the earls could not find out what had happened to Earl Godwine 51. And then Earl Godwine 51 put out again so that he got back to Bruges, and the other ships went back again to Sandwich. Then it was decided that the ships should go back again to London, and that other earls and other oarsmen [hasæta] should be appointed to them. But there was so long a delay that the naval expedition was quite abandoned and all the men went home. Earl Godwine 51 found out about this and hoisted his sail – and so did his fleet – and they went westward direct to the Isle of Wight and there landed, and ravaged there so long that the people paid them as much as they imposed on them, and then they went westward until they came to Portland and landed there, and did whatever damage they could. Then Harold 3 had come from Ireland with 9 ships, and he landed at Porlock, and there was a great force gathered there to oppose him, but he did not hesitate to obtain provisions for himself, and he landed and killed a great part of the force that opposed him, and seized for himself what came his way in cattle, men, and property; and then he went east to his father, and they both went eastward until they came to the Isle of Wight, and there took what they had left behind them. Then they went on to Pevensey and took with them as many ships as were serviceable and so proceeded to Dungeness. And he took all the ships that were at Romney and Hythe and Folkestone, and then they went east to Dover and landed and seized ships for themselves and as many hostages as they wished. So they came to Sandwich and there they did exactly the same, and everywhere they were given hostages and provisions wherever they asked for them. They went on to Northmouth [Kentish Stour] and so towards London, and some of the ships went within Sheppey and did much damage there, and they went to Milton Regis and burnt it down to the ground. Thus they proceeded on their way to London in pursuit of the earls. When they came to London the king and earls were all lying there with 50 ships ready to meet them. Then the earls sent to the king and asked him legally to return to them all those things of which they had been unjustly deprived. But the king refused for some time – for so long that the men who were with the earl were so incensed against the king and against his men that the earl himself had difficulty calming those men. Then Bishop Stigand 1 with the help of God went there and the wise men both inside the city and without, and they decided that hostages should be arranged for on both sides. And so it was done. Then Archbishop Robert 5 found out about this, and the Frenchmen, so that they took horses and departed, some west to Pentecost’s castle, and some north to Robert 5’s castle. And Archbishop Robert 5 and Bishop Ulf 13 and their companions went out at the east gate and killed or otherwise injured many young men, and went right on to Eadulfesness [The Naze, Essex], and he there got on board a broken-down ship, and went right on overseas, and left behind him his pallium and all the Church in this country. This was God’s will, in that he had obtained the dignity when it was not God’s will. Then a big council was summoned outside London, and all the earls and the chief men who were in the country were at the council. Then Earl Godwine 51 expounded his case, and cleared himself before King Edward 15, his lord [hlaford], and before all his country-men, declaring that he was guiltless of the charges brought against him, and against Harold 3 his son and all his children. Then the king granted the earl and his children his full friendship and full status as an earl, and all that he had had. And all the men who were with him were treated likewise. And the king gave the lady [Eadgyth 3] all that she had had. And Archbishop Robert 5 was declared utterly an outlaw, and all the Frenchmen too, because they were most responsible for the disagreement between Earl Godwine 51 and the king.
: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 E 1052 (1052)
Pallium-despatch/receipt/request (1)
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Benedict 10.sending pallium to Stigand 1: [Stigand 1] never won a pallium from Rome, for all the efficacy of bribery there too, though a usurper known as Benedict 10 did send him one, so glad that Stigand 1 addressed him as pope when other archbishops made mock of him.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum i.23.3
Papal advice/audience/decision/privilege (1)
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Stigand 1.deposition: Stigand 1 was deprived of his priestly office by the just zeal and anathema from the pope [Leo 6 IX].: WilliamofPoitiers.GestaGuillelmi II.1
Policy decision (2)
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Godwine 51.events of 1052 (MS E): The king and his council decided that ships should be sent to Sandwich, and they appointed Earl Ralph 1 and Earl Odda 8 as their captains [heafodmannum]. Then Earl Godwine 51 went out from Bruges with his ships to the Isere, and put out to sea a day before the eve of the midsummer festival, so that he came to Dungeness, which is south of Romney. Then it came to the knowledge of the earls out at Sandwich, and they then went out in pursuit of the other ships, and a land force was called out against the ships. Then meanwhile Earl Godwine 51 was warned; and he went to Pevensey, and the storm became so violent that the earls could not find out what had happened to Earl Godwine 51. And then Earl Godwine 51 put out again so that he got back to Bruges, and the other ships went back again to Sandwich. Then it was decided that the ships should go back again to London, and that other earls and other oarsmen [hasæta] should be appointed to them. But there was so long a delay that the naval expedition was quite abandoned and all the men went home. Earl Godwine 51 found out about this and hoisted his sail – and so did his fleet – and they went westward direct to the Isle of Wight and there landed, and ravaged there so long that the people paid them as much as they imposed on them, and then they went westward until they came to Portland and landed there, and did whatever damage they could. Then Harold 3 had come from Ireland with 9 ships, and he landed at Porlock, and there was a great force gathered there to oppose him, but he did not hesitate to obtain provisions for himself, and he landed and killed a great part of the force that opposed him, and seized for himself what came his way in cattle, men, and property; and then he went east to his father, and they both went eastward until they came to the Isle of Wight, and there took what they had left behind them. Then they went on to Pevensey and took with them as many ships as were serviceable and so proceeded to Dungeness. And he took all the ships that were at Romney and Hythe and Folkestone, and then they went east to Dover and landed and seized ships for themselves and as many hostages as they wished. So they came to Sandwich and there they did exactly the same, and everywhere they were given hostages and provisions wherever they asked for them. They went on to Northmouth [Kentish Stour] and so towards London, and some of the ships went within Sheppey and did much damage there, and they went to Milton Regis and burnt it down to the ground. Thus they proceeded on their way to London in pursuit of the earls. When they came to London the king and earls were all lying there with 50 ships ready to meet them. Then the earls sent to the king and asked him legally to return to them all those things of which they had been unjustly deprived. But the king refused for some time – for so long that the men who were with the earl were so incensed against the king and against his men that the earl himself had difficulty calming those men. Then Bishop Stigand 1 with the help of God went there and the wise men both inside the city and without, and they decided that hostages should be arranged for on both sides. And so it was done. Then Archbishop Robert 5 found out about this, and the Frenchmen, so that they took horses and departed, some west to Pentecost’s castle, and some north to Robert 5’s castle. And Archbishop Robert 5 and Bishop Ulf 13 and their companions went out at the east gate and killed or otherwise injured many young men, and went right on to Eadulfesness [The Naze, Essex], and he there got on board a broken-down ship, and went right on overseas, and left behind him his pallium and all the Church in this country. This was God’s will, in that he had obtained the dignity when it was not God’s will. Then a big council was summoned outside London, and all the earls and the chief men who were in the country were at the council. Then Earl Godwine 51 expounded his case, and cleared himself before King Edward 15, his lord [hlaford], and before all his country-men, declaring that he was guiltless of the charges brought against him, and against Harold 3 his son and all his children. Then the king granted the earl and his children his full friendship and full status as an earl, and all that he had had. And all the men who were with him were treated likewise. And the king gave the lady [Eadgyth 3] all that she had had. And Archbishop Robert 5 was declared utterly an outlaw, and all the Frenchmen too, because they were most responsible for the disagreement between Earl Godwine 51 and the king.
: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 E 1052 (1052)
William 1.leaving for Normandy: Leaving for Normandy from Pevensey William 1 was determined to take away with him those Englishmen of high rank whose loyalty and power he particularly suspected: Archbishop Stigand 1, Edgar 14 the Ætheling, kinsman of King Edward 15, the three earls Edwin 33, Morcar 3 and Waltheof 2, and many others..., so that during his absence no revolt instigated by them might break out, and the general populace, deprived of their leaders, would be less capable of rebellion.: WilliamofPoitiers.GestaGuillelmi II.38
Promise (1)
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Events of 1066 (MS D): Earl Tosti 2 came from overseas into the Isle of Wight with as large a fleet as he could muster, and both money and provisions were given him. And King Harold 3 and his brother assembled a naval force and a land force larger than any king had assembled before in this country, because he had been told that William 1 the Bastard [Wyllelm Bastard] meant to come here and subdue this country. This was exactly what happened afterwards. Meanwhile Earl Tosti 2 came into the Humber with 60 ships and Earl Edwin 33 came with a land force and drove him out, and the sailors deserted him. And he went to Scotland with 12 small vessels, and there Harald 5, king of Norway, met him with 300 ships, and Tosti 2 submitted to him and became his vassal [him to beah 7 his man wearth]; and they both went up the Humber until they reached York. And there Earl Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 his brother fought against them; but the Norwegians had the victory. Harold 3, king of the English, was informed that things had gone thus; and the fight was on the Vigil of St Matthew [20 September]. Then Harold 3 our king came upon the Norwegians by surprise and met them beyond York at Stamford Bridge with a large force of the English people; and that day there was a very fierce fight on both sides. There was killed Harald 5 Fairhair [Harfagera recte Hardrada] and Earl Tosti 2, and the Norwegians who survived took to flight; and the English attacked them fiercely as they pursued them until some got to the ships. Some were drowned, and some burned, and some destroyed in various ways so that few survived and the English remained in command of the field. The king gave quarter to Olaf 8 [Olafe], son of the Norse king [Norna cyng], and their bishop [Anonymous 10021] and the earl of Orkney [Anonymous 10022]and all those who survived on the ships, and they went up to our king and swore oaths that they would always keep peace and friendship with this country; and the king let them go home with 24 ships. These two pitched battles were fought within five nights. Then Count William 1 came from Normandy to Pevensey on Michaelmas eve, and as soon as they were able to move on they built a castle at Hastings. King Harold 3 was informed of this and he assembled a large army and came against him at the hoary apple-tree. And William 1 came against him by surprise before his army was drawn up in battle array. But the king nevertheless fought hard against him, with the men who were willing to support him, and there were heavy casualties on both sides. There King Harold 3 was killed and Earl Leofwine 69 his brother, and Earl Gyrth 1 his brother, and many good men, and the French remained masters of the field, even as God granted it to them because of the sins of the people. Archbishop Ealdred 37 and the citizens of London wanted to have Edgar 14 Cild [Edgar 14 Cild] as king, as was his proper due; and Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 promised him that they would fight on his side; but always the more it ought to have been forward the more it got behind, and the worse it grew from day to day, exactly as everything came to be at the end. The battle took place on the festival of Calixtus the pope [14 October]. And Count William 1 went back to Hastings and waited there to see whether submission would be made to him. But when he understood that no one meant to come to him, he went inland with all his army that was left to him, and that came to him afterwards from overseas, and ravaged all the region that he overran until he reached Berkhampstead. There he was met by Archbishop Ealdred 37 and Edgar 14 Cild, and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3, and all the chief men [betstan men] of London. And they submitted out of necessity after most damage had been done – and it was a great piece of folly that they had not done it earlier, since God would not make things better, because of our sins. And they gave hostages and swore oaths to him, and he promised them that he would be a gracious lord, and yet in the meantime they ravaged all that they overran. Then on Christmas day Archbishop Ealdred 37 consecrated him king at Westminster. And he promised Ealdred 37 on Christ’s book and swore moreover (before Ealdred 37 would place the crown on his head) that he would rule all this people as well as the best of the kings before him, if they would be loyal to him. All the same he laid taxes on people very severely, and then went in spring overseas to Normandy, and took with him Archbishop Stigand 1, and Æthelnoth 46, abbot of Glastonbury, and Edgar 14 Cild and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3 and Earl Waltheof 2 and many other good men from England. And Bishop Odo 3 and Earl William 2 stayed behind and built castles far and wide throughout this country, and distressed the wretched folk, and always after that it grew much worse. May the end be good when God wills!: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 D 1066 (1066)
Property-buying/purchasing (3)
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S1026 - Edward 15 granting land to Evesham: King Edward 15 to St Mary's, Evesham; grant of 3 hides (cassati) at Upper Swell, Gloucs., in return for the abbot's gift of 6 marks of gold. The land had been forfeited by Erusius 1 (? Earnsige), son of Oce 1.: S1026 (1055)
S1057 - Edward 15 confirming transaction for Evesham: King Edward 15 declares that Abbot Manni 1 and the monk Æthelwig 18 have bought land at Evenlode, Gloucs., from Eammer. : S1057 (1044 x 1059)
S1471 - Æthelric 76 and Eadsige 12 agreement: Agreement between Archbishop Eadsige 12 and Æthelric 76 concerning land at Chart, Stowting, Milton and a haga in Canterbury, all in Kent. The land at Chart had been purchased by Archbishop Ceolnoth 3 with his own money from the thegn Hæletha 1 and granted to him by charter by Æthelwulf 1, king of the West Saxons.: S1471 (1045)
Property-exchanging (2)
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S1026 - Edward 15 granting land to Evesham: King Edward 15 to St Mary's, Evesham; grant of 3 hides (cassati) at Upper Swell, Gloucs., in return for the abbot's gift of 6 marks of gold. The land had been forfeited by Erusius 1 (? Earnsige), son of Oce 1.: S1026 (1055)
S1110 - writ of Edward 15 in favour of Ramsey and Peterborough: Writ of King Edward 15 declaring that he has confirmed the exchange of land at Luton, Northants., for land at Marholm, Northants., and the agreement made between Ælfwine 55, abbot of Ramsey, and Leofric 23, abbot of Peterborough; and has also confirmed the boundaries along King Cnut 3's Delph, Northants., as Ælfwine 55, abbot of Ramsey, proved his claim to them against Siweard 18, abbot of Thorney.: S1110 (1042 x 1066)
Property-giving/selling (1)
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Thurstan 9.bequeathing to Edward 15 and others: From Thurstan 9's will: 'I grant to my royal lord [Edward 15] as heriot two marks of gold and two horses with trappings, and a helmet and a coat of mail and a sword and two shields and two spears. And I desire that the estate at Bidicheseye shall be sold, and that two marks of gold shall be taken from that estate for the King's heriot; and Earl Harold 3 [is to receive] half a mark of gold, and Bishop Stigand 1 half a mark of gold, and my partner [Anonymous 10073] one mark of gold; and one mark of gold [is to be given] to his child, Thorth 4's brother [Anonymous 10074], and one mark of gold to Sendi Arfast 1. And what is left over, the heirs are to distribute it for the sake of his soul in his partner's witness, except that the outermost mill is to go to St Æthelburg's at Barking.': S1531 (1043 x 1045)
Prophecy (1)
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Edward 15.deathbed vision: On his deathbed Edward 15 had a vision of two monks, whom he used to know in Normandy as a young man, who foretold that God would deliver the kingdom of England into the hands of the enemy in a year for the sins of the earls, bishops, abbots and monks. When those who were present had heard these words - that is to say, the queen [Eadgyth 3], who was sitting on the floor warming his feet in her lap, her full brother, Earl Harold 3, and Robert 14, the steward of the royal palace and a kinsman of the king, also Archbishop Stigand 1 and a few more whom the blessed king when roused from sleep had ordered to be summoned - they all were sore afraid. And while all were stupefied and silent from the effect of terror, the archbishop himself, who ought to have been the first either to be afraid or to give a word of advice, with folly at heart whispered in the ear of the earl [Harold 3] that the king was broken with age and disease and knew not what he said. But the queen, and those who had been wont to know and fear God in their hearts, all pondered deeply the words they had heard, and understood them quite otherwise, and correctly.: Anon.VitaEdwardiRegis II.11
Provisioning (2)
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Events of 1066 (MS D): Earl Tosti 2 came from overseas into the Isle of Wight with as large a fleet as he could muster, and both money and provisions were given him. And King Harold 3 and his brother assembled a naval force and a land force larger than any king had assembled before in this country, because he had been told that William 1 the Bastard [Wyllelm Bastard] meant to come here and subdue this country. This was exactly what happened afterwards. Meanwhile Earl Tosti 2 came into the Humber with 60 ships and Earl Edwin 33 came with a land force and drove him out, and the sailors deserted him. And he went to Scotland with 12 small vessels, and there Harald 5, king of Norway, met him with 300 ships, and Tosti 2 submitted to him and became his vassal [him to beah 7 his man wearth]; and they both went up the Humber until they reached York. And there Earl Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 his brother fought against them; but the Norwegians had the victory. Harold 3, king of the English, was informed that things had gone thus; and the fight was on the Vigil of St Matthew [20 September]. Then Harold 3 our king came upon the Norwegians by surprise and met them beyond York at Stamford Bridge with a large force of the English people; and that day there was a very fierce fight on both sides. There was killed Harald 5 Fairhair [Harfagera recte Hardrada] and Earl Tosti 2, and the Norwegians who survived took to flight; and the English attacked them fiercely as they pursued them until some got to the ships. Some were drowned, and some burned, and some destroyed in various ways so that few survived and the English remained in command of the field. The king gave quarter to Olaf 8 [Olafe], son of the Norse king [Norna cyng], and their bishop [Anonymous 10021] and the earl of Orkney [Anonymous 10022]and all those who survived on the ships, and they went up to our king and swore oaths that they would always keep peace and friendship with this country; and the king let them go home with 24 ships. These two pitched battles were fought within five nights. Then Count William 1 came from Normandy to Pevensey on Michaelmas eve, and as soon as they were able to move on they built a castle at Hastings. King Harold 3 was informed of this and he assembled a large army and came against him at the hoary apple-tree. And William 1 came against him by surprise before his army was drawn up in battle array. But the king nevertheless fought hard against him, with the men who were willing to support him, and there were heavy casualties on both sides. There King Harold 3 was killed and Earl Leofwine 69 his brother, and Earl Gyrth 1 his brother, and many good men, and the French remained masters of the field, even as God granted it to them because of the sins of the people. Archbishop Ealdred 37 and the citizens of London wanted to have Edgar 14 Cild [Edgar 14 Cild] as king, as was his proper due; and Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 promised him that they would fight on his side; but always the more it ought to have been forward the more it got behind, and the worse it grew from day to day, exactly as everything came to be at the end. The battle took place on the festival of Calixtus the pope [14 October]. And Count William 1 went back to Hastings and waited there to see whether submission would be made to him. But when he understood that no one meant to come to him, he went inland with all his army that was left to him, and that came to him afterwards from overseas, and ravaged all the region that he overran until he reached Berkhampstead. There he was met by Archbishop Ealdred 37 and Edgar 14 Cild, and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3, and all the chief men [betstan men] of London. And they submitted out of necessity after most damage had been done – and it was a great piece of folly that they had not done it earlier, since God would not make things better, because of our sins. And they gave hostages and swore oaths to him, and he promised them that he would be a gracious lord, and yet in the meantime they ravaged all that they overran. Then on Christmas day Archbishop Ealdred 37 consecrated him king at Westminster. And he promised Ealdred 37 on Christ’s book and swore moreover (before Ealdred 37 would place the crown on his head) that he would rule all this people as well as the best of the kings before him, if they would be loyal to him. All the same he laid taxes on people very severely, and then went in spring overseas to Normandy, and took with him Archbishop Stigand 1, and Æthelnoth 46, abbot of Glastonbury, and Edgar 14 Cild and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3 and Earl Waltheof 2 and many other good men from England. And Bishop Odo 3 and Earl William 2 stayed behind and built castles far and wide throughout this country, and distressed the wretched folk, and always after that it grew much worse. May the end be good when God wills!: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 D 1066 (1066)
Godwine 51.events of 1052 (MS E): The king and his council decided that ships should be sent to Sandwich, and they appointed Earl Ralph 1 and Earl Odda 8 as their captains [heafodmannum]. Then Earl Godwine 51 went out from Bruges with his ships to the Isere, and put out to sea a day before the eve of the midsummer festival, so that he came to Dungeness, which is south of Romney. Then it came to the knowledge of the earls out at Sandwich, and they then went out in pursuit of the other ships, and a land force was called out against the ships. Then meanwhile Earl Godwine 51 was warned; and he went to Pevensey, and the storm became so violent that the earls could not find out what had happened to Earl Godwine 51. And then Earl Godwine 51 put out again so that he got back to Bruges, and the other ships went back again to Sandwich. Then it was decided that the ships should go back again to London, and that other earls and other oarsmen [hasæta] should be appointed to them. But there was so long a delay that the naval expedition was quite abandoned and all the men went home. Earl Godwine 51 found out about this and hoisted his sail – and so did his fleet – and they went westward direct to the Isle of Wight and there landed, and ravaged there so long that the people paid them as much as they imposed on them, and then they went westward until they came to Portland and landed there, and did whatever damage they could. Then Harold 3 had come from Ireland with 9 ships, and he landed at Porlock, and there was a great force gathered there to oppose him, but he did not hesitate to obtain provisions for himself, and he landed and killed a great part of the force that opposed him, and seized for himself what came his way in cattle, men, and property; and then he went east to his father, and they both went eastward until they came to the Isle of Wight, and there took what they had left behind them. Then they went on to Pevensey and took with them as many ships as were serviceable and so proceeded to Dungeness. And he took all the ships that were at Romney and Hythe and Folkestone, and then they went east to Dover and landed and seized ships for themselves and as many hostages as they wished. So they came to Sandwich and there they did exactly the same, and everywhere they were given hostages and provisions wherever they asked for them. They went on to Northmouth [Kentish Stour] and so towards London, and some of the ships went within Sheppey and did much damage there, and they went to Milton Regis and burnt it down to the ground. Thus they proceeded on their way to London in pursuit of the earls. When they came to London the king and earls were all lying there with 50 ships ready to meet them. Then the earls sent to the king and asked him legally to return to them all those things of which they had been unjustly deprived. But the king refused for some time – for so long that the men who were with the earl were so incensed against the king and against his men that the earl himself had difficulty calming those men. Then Bishop Stigand 1 with the help of God went there and the wise men both inside the city and without, and they decided that hostages should be arranged for on both sides. And so it was done. Then Archbishop Robert 5 found out about this, and the Frenchmen, so that they took horses and departed, some west to Pentecost’s castle, and some north to Robert 5’s castle. And Archbishop Robert 5 and Bishop Ulf 13 and their companions went out at the east gate and killed or otherwise injured many young men, and went right on to Eadulfesness [The Naze, Essex], and he there got on board a broken-down ship, and went right on overseas, and left behind him his pallium and all the Church in this country. This was God’s will, in that he had obtained the dignity when it was not God’s will. Then a big council was summoned outside London, and all the earls and the chief men who were in the country were at the council. Then Earl Godwine 51 expounded his case, and cleared himself before King Edward 15, his lord [hlaford], and before all his country-men, declaring that he was guiltless of the charges brought against him, and against Harold 3 his son and all his children. Then the king granted the earl and his children his full friendship and full status as an earl, and all that he had had. And all the men who were with him were treated likewise. And the king gave the lady [Eadgyth 3] all that she had had. And Archbishop Robert 5 was declared utterly an outlaw, and all the Frenchmen too, because they were most responsible for the disagreement between Earl Godwine 51 and the king.
: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 E 1052 (1052)
Pursuit, military (3)
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Events of 1066 (MS D): Earl Tosti 2 came from overseas into the Isle of Wight with as large a fleet as he could muster, and both money and provisions were given him. And King Harold 3 and his brother assembled a naval force and a land force larger than any king had assembled before in this country, because he had been told that William 1 the Bastard [Wyllelm Bastard] meant to come here and subdue this country. This was exactly what happened afterwards. Meanwhile Earl Tosti 2 came into the Humber with 60 ships and Earl Edwin 33 came with a land force and drove him out, and the sailors deserted him. And he went to Scotland with 12 small vessels, and there Harald 5, king of Norway, met him with 300 ships, and Tosti 2 submitted to him and became his vassal [him to beah 7 his man wearth]; and they both went up the Humber until they reached York. And there Earl Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 his brother fought against them; but the Norwegians had the victory. Harold 3, king of the English, was informed that things had gone thus; and the fight was on the Vigil of St Matthew [20 September]. Then Harold 3 our king came upon the Norwegians by surprise and met them beyond York at Stamford Bridge with a large force of the English people; and that day there was a very fierce fight on both sides. There was killed Harald 5 Fairhair [Harfagera recte Hardrada] and Earl Tosti 2, and the Norwegians who survived took to flight; and the English attacked them fiercely as they pursued them until some got to the ships. Some were drowned, and some burned, and some destroyed in various ways so that few survived and the English remained in command of the field. The king gave quarter to Olaf 8 [Olafe], son of the Norse king [Norna cyng], and their bishop [Anonymous 10021] and the earl of Orkney [Anonymous 10022]and all those who survived on the ships, and they went up to our king and swore oaths that they would always keep peace and friendship with this country; and the king let them go home with 24 ships. These two pitched battles were fought within five nights. Then Count William 1 came from Normandy to Pevensey on Michaelmas eve, and as soon as they were able to move on they built a castle at Hastings. King Harold 3 was informed of this and he assembled a large army and came against him at the hoary apple-tree. And William 1 came against him by surprise before his army was drawn up in battle array. But the king nevertheless fought hard against him, with the men who were willing to support him, and there were heavy casualties on both sides. There King Harold 3 was killed and Earl Leofwine 69 his brother, and Earl Gyrth 1 his brother, and many good men, and the French remained masters of the field, even as God granted it to them because of the sins of the people. Archbishop Ealdred 37 and the citizens of London wanted to have Edgar 14 Cild [Edgar 14 Cild] as king, as was his proper due; and Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 promised him that they would fight on his side; but always the more it ought to have been forward the more it got behind, and the worse it grew from day to day, exactly as everything came to be at the end. The battle took place on the festival of Calixtus the pope [14 October]. And Count William 1 went back to Hastings and waited there to see whether submission would be made to him. But when he understood that no one meant to come to him, he went inland with all his army that was left to him, and that came to him afterwards from overseas, and ravaged all the region that he overran until he reached Berkhampstead. There he was met by Archbishop Ealdred 37 and Edgar 14 Cild, and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3, and all the chief men [betstan men] of London. And they submitted out of necessity after most damage had been done – and it was a great piece of folly that they had not done it earlier, since God would not make things better, because of our sins. And they gave hostages and swore oaths to him, and he promised them that he would be a gracious lord, and yet in the meantime they ravaged all that they overran. Then on Christmas day Archbishop Ealdred 37 consecrated him king at Westminster. And he promised Ealdred 37 on Christ’s book and swore moreover (before Ealdred 37 would place the crown on his head) that he would rule all this people as well as the best of the kings before him, if they would be loyal to him. All the same he laid taxes on people very severely, and then went in spring overseas to Normandy, and took with him Archbishop Stigand 1, and Æthelnoth 46, abbot of Glastonbury, and Edgar 14 Cild and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3 and Earl Waltheof 2 and many other good men from England. And Bishop Odo 3 and Earl William 2 stayed behind and built castles far and wide throughout this country, and distressed the wretched folk, and always after that it grew much worse. May the end be good when God wills!: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 D 1066 (1066)
Godwine 51.events of 1052 (MS E): The king and his council decided that ships should be sent to Sandwich, and they appointed Earl Ralph 1 and Earl Odda 8 as their captains [heafodmannum]. Then Earl Godwine 51 went out from Bruges with his ships to the Isere, and put out to sea a day before the eve of the midsummer festival, so that he came to Dungeness, which is south of Romney. Then it came to the knowledge of the earls out at Sandwich, and they then went out in pursuit of the other ships, and a land force was called out against the ships. Then meanwhile Earl Godwine 51 was warned; and he went to Pevensey, and the storm became so violent that the earls could not find out what had happened to Earl Godwine 51. And then Earl Godwine 51 put out again so that he got back to Bruges, and the other ships went back again to Sandwich. Then it was decided that the ships should go back again to London, and that other earls and other oarsmen [hasæta] should be appointed to them. But there was so long a delay that the naval expedition was quite abandoned and all the men went home. Earl Godwine 51 found out about this and hoisted his sail – and so did his fleet – and they went westward direct to the Isle of Wight and there landed, and ravaged there so long that the people paid them as much as they imposed on them, and then they went westward until they came to Portland and landed there, and did whatever damage they could. Then Harold 3 had come from Ireland with 9 ships, and he landed at Porlock, and there was a great force gathered there to oppose him, but he did not hesitate to obtain provisions for himself, and he landed and killed a great part of the force that opposed him, and seized for himself what came his way in cattle, men, and property; and then he went east to his father, and they both went eastward until they came to the Isle of Wight, and there took what they had left behind them. Then they went on to Pevensey and took with them as many ships as were serviceable and so proceeded to Dungeness. And he took all the ships that were at Romney and Hythe and Folkestone, and then they went east to Dover and landed and seized ships for themselves and as many hostages as they wished. So they came to Sandwich and there they did exactly the same, and everywhere they were given hostages and provisions wherever they asked for them. They went on to Northmouth [Kentish Stour] and so towards London, and some of the ships went within Sheppey and did much damage there, and they went to Milton Regis and burnt it down to the ground. Thus they proceeded on their way to London in pursuit of the earls. When they came to London the king and earls were all lying there with 50 ships ready to meet them. Then the earls sent to the king and asked him legally to return to them all those things of which they had been unjustly deprived. But the king refused for some time – for so long that the men who were with the earl were so incensed against the king and against his men that the earl himself had difficulty calming those men. Then Bishop Stigand 1 with the help of God went there and the wise men both inside the city and without, and they decided that hostages should be arranged for on both sides. And so it was done. Then Archbishop Robert 5 found out about this, and the Frenchmen, so that they took horses and departed, some west to Pentecost’s castle, and some north to Robert 5’s castle. And Archbishop Robert 5 and Bishop Ulf 13 and their companions went out at the east gate and killed or otherwise injured many young men, and went right on to Eadulfesness [The Naze, Essex], and he there got on board a broken-down ship, and went right on overseas, and left behind him his pallium and all the Church in this country. This was God’s will, in that he had obtained the dignity when it was not God’s will. Then a big council was summoned outside London, and all the earls and the chief men who were in the country were at the council. Then Earl Godwine 51 expounded his case, and cleared himself before King Edward 15, his lord [hlaford], and before all his country-men, declaring that he was guiltless of the charges brought against him, and against Harold 3 his son and all his children. Then the king granted the earl and his children his full friendship and full status as an earl, and all that he had had. And all the men who were with him were treated likewise. And the king gave the lady [Eadgyth 3] all that she had had. And Archbishop Robert 5 was declared utterly an outlaw, and all the Frenchmen too, because they were most responsible for the disagreement between Earl Godwine 51 and the king.
: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 E 1052 (1052)
Godwine 51.exile in Flanders: When Godwine 51 saw that, through Robert 5's prompting, Edward 15 made reconciliation impossible, he pushed away the table in front of him (while Bishop Stigand 1, who had been the sorrowful bearer of the message, wept abundantly) and mounting horse rode hard for Bosham-on-Sea. Forced into banishment, he got ships there, and prayed to God to guide his life and way on sea and in this exile, as he had been faithful to his lord, King Edward 15, and guiltless of all those things that had caused these hatreds. And with his wife [Gytha 1] and children he came to his destination, to that old friend of the English people, Count Baldwin 4. Meanwhile Robert 5 went from the king's palace with a large force of soldiers in pursuit of Godwine 51 all night.: Anon.VitaEdwardiRegis I.3
Raiding (2)
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Events of 1066 (MS D): Earl Tosti 2 came from overseas into the Isle of Wight with as large a fleet as he could muster, and both money and provisions were given him. And King Harold 3 and his brother assembled a naval force and a land force larger than any king had assembled before in this country, because he had been told that William 1 the Bastard [Wyllelm Bastard] meant to come here and subdue this country. This was exactly what happened afterwards. Meanwhile Earl Tosti 2 came into the Humber with 60 ships and Earl Edwin 33 came with a land force and drove him out, and the sailors deserted him. And he went to Scotland with 12 small vessels, and there Harald 5, king of Norway, met him with 300 ships, and Tosti 2 submitted to him and became his vassal [him to beah 7 his man wearth]; and they both went up the Humber until they reached York. And there Earl Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 his brother fought against them; but the Norwegians had the victory. Harold 3, king of the English, was informed that things had gone thus; and the fight was on the Vigil of St Matthew [20 September]. Then Harold 3 our king came upon the Norwegians by surprise and met them beyond York at Stamford Bridge with a large force of the English people; and that day there was a very fierce fight on both sides. There was killed Harald 5 Fairhair [Harfagera recte Hardrada] and Earl Tosti 2, and the Norwegians who survived took to flight; and the English attacked them fiercely as they pursued them until some got to the ships. Some were drowned, and some burned, and some destroyed in various ways so that few survived and the English remained in command of the field. The king gave quarter to Olaf 8 [Olafe], son of the Norse king [Norna cyng], and their bishop [Anonymous 10021] and the earl of Orkney [Anonymous 10022]and all those who survived on the ships, and they went up to our king and swore oaths that they would always keep peace and friendship with this country; and the king let them go home with 24 ships. These two pitched battles were fought within five nights. Then Count William 1 came from Normandy to Pevensey on Michaelmas eve, and as soon as they were able to move on they built a castle at Hastings. King Harold 3 was informed of this and he assembled a large army and came against him at the hoary apple-tree. And William 1 came against him by surprise before his army was drawn up in battle array. But the king nevertheless fought hard against him, with the men who were willing to support him, and there were heavy casualties on both sides. There King Harold 3 was killed and Earl Leofwine 69 his brother, and Earl Gyrth 1 his brother, and many good men, and the French remained masters of the field, even as God granted it to them because of the sins of the people. Archbishop Ealdred 37 and the citizens of London wanted to have Edgar 14 Cild [Edgar 14 Cild] as king, as was his proper due; and Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 promised him that they would fight on his side; but always the more it ought to have been forward the more it got behind, and the worse it grew from day to day, exactly as everything came to be at the end. The battle took place on the festival of Calixtus the pope [14 October]. And Count William 1 went back to Hastings and waited there to see whether submission would be made to him. But when he understood that no one meant to come to him, he went inland with all his army that was left to him, and that came to him afterwards from overseas, and ravaged all the region that he overran until he reached Berkhampstead. There he was met by Archbishop Ealdred 37 and Edgar 14 Cild, and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3, and all the chief men [betstan men] of London. And they submitted out of necessity after most damage had been done – and it was a great piece of folly that they had not done it earlier, since God would not make things better, because of our sins. And they gave hostages and swore oaths to him, and he promised them that he would be a gracious lord, and yet in the meantime they ravaged all that they overran. Then on Christmas day Archbishop Ealdred 37 consecrated him king at Westminster. And he promised Ealdred 37 on Christ’s book and swore moreover (before Ealdred 37 would place the crown on his head) that he would rule all this people as well as the best of the kings before him, if they would be loyal to him. All the same he laid taxes on people very severely, and then went in spring overseas to Normandy, and took with him Archbishop Stigand 1, and Æthelnoth 46, abbot of Glastonbury, and Edgar 14 Cild and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3 and Earl Waltheof 2 and many other good men from England. And Bishop Odo 3 and Earl William 2 stayed behind and built castles far and wide throughout this country, and distressed the wretched folk, and always after that it grew much worse. May the end be good when God wills!: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 D 1066 (1066)
Godwine 51.events of 1052 (MS E): The king and his council decided that ships should be sent to Sandwich, and they appointed Earl Ralph 1 and Earl Odda 8 as their captains [heafodmannum]. Then Earl Godwine 51 went out from Bruges with his ships to the Isere, and put out to sea a day before the eve of the midsummer festival, so that he came to Dungeness, which is south of Romney. Then it came to the knowledge of the earls out at Sandwich, and they then went out in pursuit of the other ships, and a land force was called out against the ships. Then meanwhile Earl Godwine 51 was warned; and he went to Pevensey, and the storm became so violent that the earls could not find out what had happened to Earl Godwine 51. And then Earl Godwine 51 put out again so that he got back to Bruges, and the other ships went back again to Sandwich. Then it was decided that the ships should go back again to London, and that other earls and other oarsmen [hasæta] should be appointed to them. But there was so long a delay that the naval expedition was quite abandoned and all the men went home. Earl Godwine 51 found out about this and hoisted his sail – and so did his fleet – and they went westward direct to the Isle of Wight and there landed, and ravaged there so long that the people paid them as much as they imposed on them, and then they went westward until they came to Portland and landed there, and did whatever damage they could. Then Harold 3 had come from Ireland with 9 ships, and he landed at Porlock, and there was a great force gathered there to oppose him, but he did not hesitate to obtain provisions for himself, and he landed and killed a great part of the force that opposed him, and seized for himself what came his way in cattle, men, and property; and then he went east to his father, and they both went eastward until they came to the Isle of Wight, and there took what they had left behind them. Then they went on to Pevensey and took with them as many ships as were serviceable and so proceeded to Dungeness. And he took all the ships that were at Romney and Hythe and Folkestone, and then they went east to Dover and landed and seized ships for themselves and as many hostages as they wished. So they came to Sandwich and there they did exactly the same, and everywhere they were given hostages and provisions wherever they asked for them. They went on to Northmouth [Kentish Stour] and so towards London, and some of the ships went within Sheppey and did much damage there, and they went to Milton Regis and burnt it down to the ground. Thus they proceeded on their way to London in pursuit of the earls. When they came to London the king and earls were all lying there with 50 ships ready to meet them. Then the earls sent to the king and asked him legally to return to them all those things of which they had been unjustly deprived. But the king refused for some time – for so long that the men who were with the earl were so incensed against the king and against his men that the earl himself had difficulty calming those men. Then Bishop Stigand 1 with the help of God went there and the wise men both inside the city and without, and they decided that hostages should be arranged for on both sides. And so it was done. Then Archbishop Robert 5 found out about this, and the Frenchmen, so that they took horses and departed, some west to Pentecost’s castle, and some north to Robert 5’s castle. And Archbishop Robert 5 and Bishop Ulf 13 and their companions went out at the east gate and killed or otherwise injured many young men, and went right on to Eadulfesness [The Naze, Essex], and he there got on board a broken-down ship, and went right on overseas, and left behind him his pallium and all the Church in this country. This was God’s will, in that he had obtained the dignity when it was not God’s will. Then a big council was summoned outside London, and all the earls and the chief men who were in the country were at the council. Then Earl Godwine 51 expounded his case, and cleared himself before King Edward 15, his lord [hlaford], and before all his country-men, declaring that he was guiltless of the charges brought against him, and against Harold 3 his son and all his children. Then the king granted the earl and his children his full friendship and full status as an earl, and all that he had had. And all the men who were with him were treated likewise. And the king gave the lady [Eadgyth 3] all that she had had. And Archbishop Robert 5 was declared utterly an outlaw, and all the Frenchmen too, because they were most responsible for the disagreement between Earl Godwine 51 and the king.
: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 E 1052 (1052)
Rebellion/sedition (1)
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Godwine 51.events of 1052 (MS E): The king and his council decided that ships should be sent to Sandwich, and they appointed Earl Ralph 1 and Earl Odda 8 as their captains [heafodmannum]. Then Earl Godwine 51 went out from Bruges with his ships to the Isere, and put out to sea a day before the eve of the midsummer festival, so that he came to Dungeness, which is south of Romney. Then it came to the knowledge of the earls out at Sandwich, and they then went out in pursuit of the other ships, and a land force was called out against the ships. Then meanwhile Earl Godwine 51 was warned; and he went to Pevensey, and the storm became so violent that the earls could not find out what had happened to Earl Godwine 51. And then Earl Godwine 51 put out again so that he got back to Bruges, and the other ships went back again to Sandwich. Then it was decided that the ships should go back again to London, and that other earls and other oarsmen [hasæta] should be appointed to them. But there was so long a delay that the naval expedition was quite abandoned and all the men went home. Earl Godwine 51 found out about this and hoisted his sail – and so did his fleet – and they went westward direct to the Isle of Wight and there landed, and ravaged there so long that the people paid them as much as they imposed on them, and then they went westward until they came to Portland and landed there, and did whatever damage they could. Then Harold 3 had come from Ireland with 9 ships, and he landed at Porlock, and there was a great force gathered there to oppose him, but he did not hesitate to obtain provisions for himself, and he landed and killed a great part of the force that opposed him, and seized for himself what came his way in cattle, men, and property; and then he went east to his father, and they both went eastward until they came to the Isle of Wight, and there took what they had left behind them. Then they went on to Pevensey and took with them as many ships as were serviceable and so proceeded to Dungeness. And he took all the ships that were at Romney and Hythe and Folkestone, and then they went east to Dover and landed and seized ships for themselves and as many hostages as they wished. So they came to Sandwich and there they did exactly the same, and everywhere they were given hostages and provisions wherever they asked for them. They went on to Northmouth [Kentish Stour] and so towards London, and some of the ships went within Sheppey and did much damage there, and they went to Milton Regis and burnt it down to the ground. Thus they proceeded on their way to London in pursuit of the earls. When they came to London the king and earls were all lying there with 50 ships ready to meet them. Then the earls sent to the king and asked him legally to return to them all those things of which they had been unjustly deprived. But the king refused for some time – for so long that the men who were with the earl were so incensed against the king and against his men that the earl himself had difficulty calming those men. Then Bishop Stigand 1 with the help of God went there and the wise men both inside the city and without, and they decided that hostages should be arranged for on both sides. And so it was done. Then Archbishop Robert 5 found out about this, and the Frenchmen, so that they took horses and departed, some west to Pentecost’s castle, and some north to Robert 5’s castle. And Archbishop Robert 5 and Bishop Ulf 13 and their companions went out at the east gate and killed or otherwise injured many young men, and went right on to Eadulfesness [The Naze, Essex], and he there got on board a broken-down ship, and went right on overseas, and left behind him his pallium and all the Church in this country. This was God’s will, in that he had obtained the dignity when it was not God’s will. Then a big council was summoned outside London, and all the earls and the chief men who were in the country were at the council. Then Earl Godwine 51 expounded his case, and cleared himself before King Edward 15, his lord [hlaford], and before all his country-men, declaring that he was guiltless of the charges brought against him, and against Harold 3 his son and all his children. Then the king granted the earl and his children his full friendship and full status as an earl, and all that he had had. And all the men who were with him were treated likewise. And the king gave the lady [Eadgyth 3] all that she had had. And Archbishop Robert 5 was declared utterly an outlaw, and all the Frenchmen too, because they were most responsible for the disagreement between Earl Godwine 51 and the king.
: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 E 1052 (1052)
Reconciliation (1)
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Godwine 51.events of 1052 (MS E): The king and his council decided that ships should be sent to Sandwich, and they appointed Earl Ralph 1 and Earl Odda 8 as their captains [heafodmannum]. Then Earl Godwine 51 went out from Bruges with his ships to the Isere, and put out to sea a day before the eve of the midsummer festival, so that he came to Dungeness, which is south of Romney. Then it came to the knowledge of the earls out at Sandwich, and they then went out in pursuit of the other ships, and a land force was called out against the ships. Then meanwhile Earl Godwine 51 was warned; and he went to Pevensey, and the storm became so violent that the earls could not find out what had happened to Earl Godwine 51. And then Earl Godwine 51 put out again so that he got back to Bruges, and the other ships went back again to Sandwich. Then it was decided that the ships should go back again to London, and that other earls and other oarsmen [hasæta] should be appointed to them. But there was so long a delay that the naval expedition was quite abandoned and all the men went home. Earl Godwine 51 found out about this and hoisted his sail – and so did his fleet – and they went westward direct to the Isle of Wight and there landed, and ravaged there so long that the people paid them as much as they imposed on them, and then they went westward until they came to Portland and landed there, and did whatever damage they could. Then Harold 3 had come from Ireland with 9 ships, and he landed at Porlock, and there was a great force gathered there to oppose him, but he did not hesitate to obtain provisions for himself, and he landed and killed a great part of the force that opposed him, and seized for himself what came his way in cattle, men, and property; and then he went east to his father, and they both went eastward until they came to the Isle of Wight, and there took what they had left behind them. Then they went on to Pevensey and took with them as many ships as were serviceable and so proceeded to Dungeness. And he took all the ships that were at Romney and Hythe and Folkestone, and then they went east to Dover and landed and seized ships for themselves and as many hostages as they wished. So they came to Sandwich and there they did exactly the same, and everywhere they were given hostages and provisions wherever they asked for them. They went on to Northmouth [Kentish Stour] and so towards London, and some of the ships went within Sheppey and did much damage there, and they went to Milton Regis and burnt it down to the ground. Thus they proceeded on their way to London in pursuit of the earls. When they came to London the king and earls were all lying there with 50 ships ready to meet them. Then the earls sent to the king and asked him legally to return to them all those things of which they had been unjustly deprived. But the king refused for some time – for so long that the men who were with the earl were so incensed against the king and against his men that the earl himself had difficulty calming those men. Then Bishop Stigand 1 with the help of God went there and the wise men both inside the city and without, and they decided that hostages should be arranged for on both sides. And so it was done. Then Archbishop Robert 5 found out about this, and the Frenchmen, so that they took horses and departed, some west to Pentecost’s castle, and some north to Robert 5’s castle. And Archbishop Robert 5 and Bishop Ulf 13 and their companions went out at the east gate and killed or otherwise injured many young men, and went right on to Eadulfesness [The Naze, Essex], and he there got on board a broken-down ship, and went right on overseas, and left behind him his pallium and all the Church in this country. This was God’s will, in that he had obtained the dignity when it was not God’s will. Then a big council was summoned outside London, and all the earls and the chief men who were in the country were at the council. Then Earl Godwine 51 expounded his case, and cleared himself before King Edward 15, his lord [hlaford], and before all his country-men, declaring that he was guiltless of the charges brought against him, and against Harold 3 his son and all his children. Then the king granted the earl and his children his full friendship and full status as an earl, and all that he had had. And all the men who were with him were treated likewise. And the king gave the lady [Eadgyth 3] all that she had had. And Archbishop Robert 5 was declared utterly an outlaw, and all the Frenchmen too, because they were most responsible for the disagreement between Earl Godwine 51 and the king.
: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 E 1052 (1052)
Refusal (3)
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Ealdred 37.crowning William 1: William 1 refused to be blessed by Stigand 1 as king. Ealdred 37 was induced to conduct the consecration, but he made the king first to take an oath before the whole people to conduct himself with moderation towards his subjects, and treat English and French even-handedly. So as long as William 1 did so, Ealdred 37 loved his as his son; but when the king started to demand an inappropriate sum by way of tax from the people of the province, the bishop approached him through envoys. William 1 sent them away with a dusty answer, and Ealdred 37 cursed William 1. The king had to send to win the bishop over, but Ealdred 37 fell ill and died before the messengers arrived.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum iii.115.18-20
Edward 15.trial of Godwine 51: Edward 15 believed the accusations of Robert 5 against Godwine 51, and all the nobles and earls from the whole of Britain assembled in the royal palace of Gloucester; and there, after Edward 15 had complained of all these things, he guiltless earl [Godwine 51] was formally charged with [killing of Alfred 54 and plotting against the king's life]. Godwine 51 asked through messengers for the king's peace, and offered to purge himself by ordeal of the crime with which he had been charged. Edward 15 refused. Gathered there were Siweard 11, Earl Leofric 49, and Ælfgar 46. And after they had all struggled in vain to get the foul charge put to the ordeal, the royal court moved from that palace to London. The earl [Godwine 51] too, guiltless and trusting in his conscience, which was for ever clear of such a crime, approached it with his men from the other side, and took up position outside the walls of that city on the River Thames, on a manor that belonged to him. From here he again sent messengers and showed himself in every way ready to satisfy the king in accordance to the law or beyond it. Whereupon by the efforts of Stigand 1, bishop of Winchester, the day of judgment was postponed. Meanwhile Archbishop Robert 5 stood fiercely in the way of the earl, and at length at his instigation there was declared by the king against the earl this insoluble judgment: that he could hope for the king's peace only when Godwine 51 gave him back his brother [Alfred 54] alive together with all his men and all their possessions.: Anon.VitaEdwardiRegis I.3
Godwine 51.events of 1052 (MS E): The king and his council decided that ships should be sent to Sandwich, and they appointed Earl Ralph 1 and Earl Odda 8 as their captains [heafodmannum]. Then Earl Godwine 51 went out from Bruges with his ships to the Isere, and put out to sea a day before the eve of the midsummer festival, so that he came to Dungeness, which is south of Romney. Then it came to the knowledge of the earls out at Sandwich, and they then went out in pursuit of the other ships, and a land force was called out against the ships. Then meanwhile Earl Godwine 51 was warned; and he went to Pevensey, and the storm became so violent that the earls could not find out what had happened to Earl Godwine 51. And then Earl Godwine 51 put out again so that he got back to Bruges, and the other ships went back again to Sandwich. Then it was decided that the ships should go back again to London, and that other earls and other oarsmen [hasæta] should be appointed to them. But there was so long a delay that the naval expedition was quite abandoned and all the men went home. Earl Godwine 51 found out about this and hoisted his sail – and so did his fleet – and they went westward direct to the Isle of Wight and there landed, and ravaged there so long that the people paid them as much as they imposed on them, and then they went westward until they came to Portland and landed there, and did whatever damage they could. Then Harold 3 had come from Ireland with 9 ships, and he landed at Porlock, and there was a great force gathered there to oppose him, but he did not hesitate to obtain provisions for himself, and he landed and killed a great part of the force that opposed him, and seized for himself what came his way in cattle, men, and property; and then he went east to his father, and they both went eastward until they came to the Isle of Wight, and there took what they had left behind them. Then they went on to Pevensey and took with them as many ships as were serviceable and so proceeded to Dungeness. And he took all the ships that were at Romney and Hythe and Folkestone, and then they went east to Dover and landed and seized ships for themselves and as many hostages as they wished. So they came to Sandwich and there they did exactly the same, and everywhere they were given hostages and provisions wherever they asked for them. They went on to Northmouth [Kentish Stour] and so towards London, and some of the ships went within Sheppey and did much damage there, and they went to Milton Regis and burnt it down to the ground. Thus they proceeded on their way to London in pursuit of the earls. When they came to London the king and earls were all lying there with 50 ships ready to meet them. Then the earls sent to the king and asked him legally to return to them all those things of which they had been unjustly deprived. But the king refused for some time – for so long that the men who were with the earl were so incensed against the king and against his men that the earl himself had difficulty calming those men. Then Bishop Stigand 1 with the help of God went there and the wise men both inside the city and without, and they decided that hostages should be arranged for on both sides. And so it was done. Then Archbishop Robert 5 found out about this, and the Frenchmen, so that they took horses and departed, some west to Pentecost’s castle, and some north to Robert 5’s castle. And Archbishop Robert 5 and Bishop Ulf 13 and their companions went out at the east gate and killed or otherwise injured many young men, and went right on to Eadulfesness [The Naze, Essex], and he there got on board a broken-down ship, and went right on overseas, and left behind him his pallium and all the Church in this country. This was God’s will, in that he had obtained the dignity when it was not God’s will. Then a big council was summoned outside London, and all the earls and the chief men who were in the country were at the council. Then Earl Godwine 51 expounded his case, and cleared himself before King Edward 15, his lord [hlaford], and before all his country-men, declaring that he was guiltless of the charges brought against him, and against Harold 3 his son and all his children. Then the king granted the earl and his children his full friendship and full status as an earl, and all that he had had. And all the men who were with him were treated likewise. And the king gave the lady [Eadgyth 3] all that she had had. And Archbishop Robert 5 was declared utterly an outlaw, and all the Frenchmen too, because they were most responsible for the disagreement between Earl Godwine 51 and the king.
: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 E 1052 (1052)
Reporting (2)
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Events of 1066 (MS D): Earl Tosti 2 came from overseas into the Isle of Wight with as large a fleet as he could muster, and both money and provisions were given him. And King Harold 3 and his brother assembled a naval force and a land force larger than any king had assembled before in this country, because he had been told that William 1 the Bastard [Wyllelm Bastard] meant to come here and subdue this country. This was exactly what happened afterwards. Meanwhile Earl Tosti 2 came into the Humber with 60 ships and Earl Edwin 33 came with a land force and drove him out, and the sailors deserted him. And he went to Scotland with 12 small vessels, and there Harald 5, king of Norway, met him with 300 ships, and Tosti 2 submitted to him and became his vassal [him to beah 7 his man wearth]; and they both went up the Humber until they reached York. And there Earl Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 his brother fought against them; but the Norwegians had the victory. Harold 3, king of the English, was informed that things had gone thus; and the fight was on the Vigil of St Matthew [20 September]. Then Harold 3 our king came upon the Norwegians by surprise and met them beyond York at Stamford Bridge with a large force of the English people; and that day there was a very fierce fight on both sides. There was killed Harald 5 Fairhair [Harfagera recte Hardrada] and Earl Tosti 2, and the Norwegians who survived took to flight; and the English attacked them fiercely as they pursued them until some got to the ships. Some were drowned, and some burned, and some destroyed in various ways so that few survived and the English remained in command of the field. The king gave quarter to Olaf 8 [Olafe], son of the Norse king [Norna cyng], and their bishop [Anonymous 10021] and the earl of Orkney [Anonymous 10022]and all those who survived on the ships, and they went up to our king and swore oaths that they would always keep peace and friendship with this country; and the king let them go home with 24 ships. These two pitched battles were fought within five nights. Then Count William 1 came from Normandy to Pevensey on Michaelmas eve, and as soon as they were able to move on they built a castle at Hastings. King Harold 3 was informed of this and he assembled a large army and came against him at the hoary apple-tree. And William 1 came against him by surprise before his army was drawn up in battle array. But the king nevertheless fought hard against him, with the men who were willing to support him, and there were heavy casualties on both sides. There King Harold 3 was killed and Earl Leofwine 69 his brother, and Earl Gyrth 1 his brother, and many good men, and the French remained masters of the field, even as God granted it to them because of the sins of the people. Archbishop Ealdred 37 and the citizens of London wanted to have Edgar 14 Cild [Edgar 14 Cild] as king, as was his proper due; and Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 promised him that they would fight on his side; but always the more it ought to have been forward the more it got behind, and the worse it grew from day to day, exactly as everything came to be at the end. The battle took place on the festival of Calixtus the pope [14 October]. And Count William 1 went back to Hastings and waited there to see whether submission would be made to him. But when he understood that no one meant to come to him, he went inland with all his army that was left to him, and that came to him afterwards from overseas, and ravaged all the region that he overran until he reached Berkhampstead. There he was met by Archbishop Ealdred 37 and Edgar 14 Cild, and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3, and all the chief men [betstan men] of London. And they submitted out of necessity after most damage had been done – and it was a great piece of folly that they had not done it earlier, since God would not make things better, because of our sins. And they gave hostages and swore oaths to him, and he promised them that he would be a gracious lord, and yet in the meantime they ravaged all that they overran. Then on Christmas day Archbishop Ealdred 37 consecrated him king at Westminster. And he promised Ealdred 37 on Christ’s book and swore moreover (before Ealdred 37 would place the crown on his head) that he would rule all this people as well as the best of the kings before him, if they would be loyal to him. All the same he laid taxes on people very severely, and then went in spring overseas to Normandy, and took with him Archbishop Stigand 1, and Æthelnoth 46, abbot of Glastonbury, and Edgar 14 Cild and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3 and Earl Waltheof 2 and many other good men from England. And Bishop Odo 3 and Earl William 2 stayed behind and built castles far and wide throughout this country, and distressed the wretched folk, and always after that it grew much worse. May the end be good when God wills!: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 D 1066 (1066)
Æthelsige 43.appointment as abbot of St Augustine's: Wulfric 67, abbot of St Augustine’s, died in Easter week on 18 April. When word came to the king that Abbot Wulfric 67 was dead, he chose the monk Æthelsige 43 of the Old Minster for the office; he then followed Archbishop Stigand 1 and was consecrated abbot at Windsor on St Augustine’s day.: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 E 1061 (1061)
Residence (1)
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Godwine 51.exile in Flanders: When Godwine 51 saw that, through Robert 5's prompting, Edward 15 made reconciliation impossible, he pushed away the table in front of him (while Bishop Stigand 1, who had been the sorrowful bearer of the message, wept abundantly) and mounting horse rode hard for Bosham-on-Sea. Forced into banishment, he got ships there, and prayed to God to guide his life and way on sea and in this exile, as he had been faithful to his lord, King Edward 15, and guiltless of all those things that had caused these hatreds. And with his wife [Gytha 1] and children he came to his destination, to that old friend of the English people, Count Baldwin 4. Meanwhile Robert 5 went from the king's palace with a large force of soldiers in pursuit of Godwine 51 all night.: Anon.VitaEdwardiRegis I.3
Restoration of land/property (5)
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Bates286 - William 1 restoring land to Wells: King William 1, moved by the prayers of Bishop Giso 1 of Wells, restores 30 hides at Banwell, Avon, to the cathedral church of Wells, which Giso 1’s predecessor, Duduc 6, had given to the church, and which King Harold 3 had taken away. These are given with everything belonging to them.: Bates286 (1068)
Godwine 51.events of 1052 (MS E): The king and his council decided that ships should be sent to Sandwich, and they appointed Earl Ralph 1 and Earl Odda 8 as their captains [heafodmannum]. Then Earl Godwine 51 went out from Bruges with his ships to the Isere, and put out to sea a day before the eve of the midsummer festival, so that he came to Dungeness, which is south of Romney. Then it came to the knowledge of the earls out at Sandwich, and they then went out in pursuit of the other ships, and a land force was called out against the ships. Then meanwhile Earl Godwine 51 was warned; and he went to Pevensey, and the storm became so violent that the earls could not find out what had happened to Earl Godwine 51. And then Earl Godwine 51 put out again so that he got back to Bruges, and the other ships went back again to Sandwich. Then it was decided that the ships should go back again to London, and that other earls and other oarsmen [hasæta] should be appointed to them. But there was so long a delay that the naval expedition was quite abandoned and all the men went home. Earl Godwine 51 found out about this and hoisted his sail – and so did his fleet – and they went westward direct to the Isle of Wight and there landed, and ravaged there so long that the people paid them as much as they imposed on them, and then they went westward until they came to Portland and landed there, and did whatever damage they could. Then Harold 3 had come from Ireland with 9 ships, and he landed at Porlock, and there was a great force gathered there to oppose him, but he did not hesitate to obtain provisions for himself, and he landed and killed a great part of the force that opposed him, and seized for himself what came his way in cattle, men, and property; and then he went east to his father, and they both went eastward until they came to the Isle of Wight, and there took what they had left behind them. Then they went on to Pevensey and took with them as many ships as were serviceable and so proceeded to Dungeness. And he took all the ships that were at Romney and Hythe and Folkestone, and then they went east to Dover and landed and seized ships for themselves and as many hostages as they wished. So they came to Sandwich and there they did exactly the same, and everywhere they were given hostages and provisions wherever they asked for them. They went on to Northmouth [Kentish Stour] and so towards London, and some of the ships went within Sheppey and did much damage there, and they went to Milton Regis and burnt it down to the ground. Thus they proceeded on their way to London in pursuit of the earls. When they came to London the king and earls were all lying there with 50 ships ready to meet them. Then the earls sent to the king and asked him legally to return to them all those things of which they had been unjustly deprived. But the king refused for some time – for so long that the men who were with the earl were so incensed against the king and against his men that the earl himself had difficulty calming those men. Then Bishop Stigand 1 with the help of God went there and the wise men both inside the city and without, and they decided that hostages should be arranged for on both sides. And so it was done. Then Archbishop Robert 5 found out about this, and the Frenchmen, so that they took horses and departed, some west to Pentecost’s castle, and some north to Robert 5’s castle. And Archbishop Robert 5 and Bishop Ulf 13 and their companions went out at the east gate and killed or otherwise injured many young men, and went right on to Eadulfesness [The Naze, Essex], and he there got on board a broken-down ship, and went right on overseas, and left behind him his pallium and all the Church in this country. This was God’s will, in that he had obtained the dignity when it was not God’s will. Then a big council was summoned outside London, and all the earls and the chief men who were in the country were at the council. Then Earl Godwine 51 expounded his case, and cleared himself before King Edward 15, his lord [hlaford], and before all his country-men, declaring that he was guiltless of the charges brought against him, and against Harold 3 his son and all his children. Then the king granted the earl and his children his full friendship and full status as an earl, and all that he had had. And all the men who were with him were treated likewise. And the king gave the lady [Eadgyth 3] all that she had had. And Archbishop Robert 5 was declared utterly an outlaw, and all the Frenchmen too, because they were most responsible for the disagreement between Earl Godwine 51 and the king.
: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 E 1052 (1052)
S1238 - Ælfgar 46 restoring land to Æthelwig 15: Ælfgar 46, dux, to Æthelwig 15, abbot of Evesham; restitution of 7 hides at Daylesford, Gloucs., in return for 6 marks of gold. : S1238 (1061 x 1065)
S1477 - writ? of Edward 15 in favour of Chertsey: Notification by King Edward 15 that he has restored to Chertsey Abbey 10 hides at White Waltham, Berks., with the church there, woodland at Halewik (Hollicks, lost, in White Waltham) and Lidlegewik (Littlewick in White Waltham) and 20 acres of meadow at Cookham, Berks..: S1477 (1052 x 1066)
William 1-Matilda 2.restoring land to London, St Paul's: King William 1 and Matilda 2 to St Paul's, London; restoration of lands wrongly taken from the church on the day of his first coronation.: Bates183 (1066)
Restoration to office (1)
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Godwine 51.events of 1052 (MS E): The king and his council decided that ships should be sent to Sandwich, and they appointed Earl Ralph 1 and Earl Odda 8 as their captains [heafodmannum]. Then Earl Godwine 51 went out from Bruges with his ships to the Isere, and put out to sea a day before the eve of the midsummer festival, so that he came to Dungeness, which is south of Romney. Then it came to the knowledge of the earls out at Sandwich, and they then went out in pursuit of the other ships, and a land force was called out against the ships. Then meanwhile Earl Godwine 51 was warned; and he went to Pevensey, and the storm became so violent that the earls could not find out what had happened to Earl Godwine 51. And then Earl Godwine 51 put out again so that he got back to Bruges, and the other ships went back again to Sandwich. Then it was decided that the ships should go back again to London, and that other earls and other oarsmen [hasæta] should be appointed to them. But there was so long a delay that the naval expedition was quite abandoned and all the men went home. Earl Godwine 51 found out about this and hoisted his sail – and so did his fleet – and they went westward direct to the Isle of Wight and there landed, and ravaged there so long that the people paid them as much as they imposed on them, and then they went westward until they came to Portland and landed there, and did whatever damage they could. Then Harold 3 had come from Ireland with 9 ships, and he landed at Porlock, and there was a great force gathered there to oppose him, but he did not hesitate to obtain provisions for himself, and he landed and killed a great part of the force that opposed him, and seized for himself what came his way in cattle, men, and property; and then he went east to his father, and they both went eastward until they came to the Isle of Wight, and there took what they had left behind them. Then they went on to Pevensey and took with them as many ships as were serviceable and so proceeded to Dungeness. And he took all the ships that were at Romney and Hythe and Folkestone, and then they went east to Dover and landed and seized ships for themselves and as many hostages as they wished. So they came to Sandwich and there they did exactly the same, and everywhere they were given hostages and provisions wherever they asked for them. They went on to Northmouth [Kentish Stour] and so towards London, and some of the ships went within Sheppey and did much damage there, and they went to Milton Regis and burnt it down to the ground. Thus they proceeded on their way to London in pursuit of the earls. When they came to London the king and earls were all lying there with 50 ships ready to meet them. Then the earls sent to the king and asked him legally to return to them all those things of which they had been unjustly deprived. But the king refused for some time – for so long that the men who were with the earl were so incensed against the king and against his men that the earl himself had difficulty calming those men. Then Bishop Stigand 1 with the help of God went there and the wise men both inside the city and without, and they decided that hostages should be arranged for on both sides. And so it was done. Then Archbishop Robert 5 found out about this, and the Frenchmen, so that they took horses and departed, some west to Pentecost’s castle, and some north to Robert 5’s castle. And Archbishop Robert 5 and Bishop Ulf 13 and their companions went out at the east gate and killed or otherwise injured many young men, and went right on to Eadulfesness [The Naze, Essex], and he there got on board a broken-down ship, and went right on overseas, and left behind him his pallium and all the Church in this country. This was God’s will, in that he had obtained the dignity when it was not God’s will. Then a big council was summoned outside London, and all the earls and the chief men who were in the country were at the council. Then Earl Godwine 51 expounded his case, and cleared himself before King Edward 15, his lord [hlaford], and before all his country-men, declaring that he was guiltless of the charges brought against him, and against Harold 3 his son and all his children. Then the king granted the earl and his children his full friendship and full status as an earl, and all that he had had. And all the men who were with him were treated likewise. And the king gave the lady [Eadgyth 3] all that she had had. And Archbishop Robert 5 was declared utterly an outlaw, and all the Frenchmen too, because they were most responsible for the disagreement between Earl Godwine 51 and the king.
: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 E 1052 (1052)
Ship-building/shipwreck (1)
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S1109 - writ of Edward 15 in favour of Ramsey: Writ of King Edward 15 declaring that he has granted to Ramsey Abbey judicial and financial rights and shipwreck and what is cast up by the sea at Brancaster and Ringstead, the soke within Bichamdic (cf. S 1108), the market at Downham, Norfolk, and judicial and financial rights in every shire in which St Benedict of Ramsey has land.: S1109 (1042 x 1066)
Submission (2)
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Events of 1066 (MS D): Earl Tosti 2 came from overseas into the Isle of Wight with as large a fleet as he could muster, and both money and provisions were given him. And King Harold 3 and his brother assembled a naval force and a land force larger than any king had assembled before in this country, because he had been told that William 1 the Bastard [Wyllelm Bastard] meant to come here and subdue this country. This was exactly what happened afterwards. Meanwhile Earl Tosti 2 came into the Humber with 60 ships and Earl Edwin 33 came with a land force and drove him out, and the sailors deserted him. And he went to Scotland with 12 small vessels, and there Harald 5, king of Norway, met him with 300 ships, and Tosti 2 submitted to him and became his vassal [him to beah 7 his man wearth]; and they both went up the Humber until they reached York. And there Earl Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 his brother fought against them; but the Norwegians had the victory. Harold 3, king of the English, was informed that things had gone thus; and the fight was on the Vigil of St Matthew [20 September]. Then Harold 3 our king came upon the Norwegians by surprise and met them beyond York at Stamford Bridge with a large force of the English people; and that day there was a very fierce fight on both sides. There was killed Harald 5 Fairhair [Harfagera recte Hardrada] and Earl Tosti 2, and the Norwegians who survived took to flight; and the English attacked them fiercely as they pursued them until some got to the ships. Some were drowned, and some burned, and some destroyed in various ways so that few survived and the English remained in command of the field. The king gave quarter to Olaf 8 [Olafe], son of the Norse king [Norna cyng], and their bishop [Anonymous 10021] and the earl of Orkney [Anonymous 10022]and all those who survived on the ships, and they went up to our king and swore oaths that they would always keep peace and friendship with this country; and the king let them go home with 24 ships. These two pitched battles were fought within five nights. Then Count William 1 came from Normandy to Pevensey on Michaelmas eve, and as soon as they were able to move on they built a castle at Hastings. King Harold 3 was informed of this and he assembled a large army and came against him at the hoary apple-tree. And William 1 came against him by surprise before his army was drawn up in battle array. But the king nevertheless fought hard against him, with the men who were willing to support him, and there were heavy casualties on both sides. There King Harold 3 was killed and Earl Leofwine 69 his brother, and Earl Gyrth 1 his brother, and many good men, and the French remained masters of the field, even as God granted it to them because of the sins of the people. Archbishop Ealdred 37 and the citizens of London wanted to have Edgar 14 Cild [Edgar 14 Cild] as king, as was his proper due; and Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 promised him that they would fight on his side; but always the more it ought to have been forward the more it got behind, and the worse it grew from day to day, exactly as everything came to be at the end. The battle took place on the festival of Calixtus the pope [14 October]. And Count William 1 went back to Hastings and waited there to see whether submission would be made to him. But when he understood that no one meant to come to him, he went inland with all his army that was left to him, and that came to him afterwards from overseas, and ravaged all the region that he overran until he reached Berkhampstead. There he was met by Archbishop Ealdred 37 and Edgar 14 Cild, and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3, and all the chief men [betstan men] of London. And they submitted out of necessity after most damage had been done – and it was a great piece of folly that they had not done it earlier, since God would not make things better, because of our sins. And they gave hostages and swore oaths to him, and he promised them that he would be a gracious lord, and yet in the meantime they ravaged all that they overran. Then on Christmas day Archbishop Ealdred 37 consecrated him king at Westminster. And he promised Ealdred 37 on Christ’s book and swore moreover (before Ealdred 37 would place the crown on his head) that he would rule all this people as well as the best of the kings before him, if they would be loyal to him. All the same he laid taxes on people very severely, and then went in spring overseas to Normandy, and took with him Archbishop Stigand 1, and Æthelnoth 46, abbot of Glastonbury, and Edgar 14 Cild and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3 and Earl Waltheof 2 and many other good men from England. And Bishop Odo 3 and Earl William 2 stayed behind and built castles far and wide throughout this country, and distressed the wretched folk, and always after that it grew much worse. May the end be good when God wills!: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 D 1066 (1066)
Stigand 1.deposition: William 1 duke of Normandy came to England and subdued the country by force for arms. He spread the terror of his name far and wide by winning the battle of Hastings and receiving the surrender of Dover Castle, and then came to London. There, Stigand 1 and the most powerful of the English came out to show their support; after negotiations, William 1 received him as father and archbishop, while Stigand 1 received William 1 as king and son. But the king drew the line at receiving the crown from his hand, with his customary ingenuity arranging for people to forbid it in the pope’s name. Soon afterwards, he sailed over to Normandy, and took with him the reluctant Stigand 1 under a show of Honouring him, for he wanted to make sure the archbishop’s influence did not cause any emergence of treason in his absence. It is difficult to exaggerate the civilities he showed Stigand 1: he rose to his feet to do him honour on every occasion, and made sure he was welcomed by long and elaborate processions in every see and abbey of Normandy. But what lay behind this façade was revealed when there arrived in England Ermenfrid 1, bishop of Sion and Pope Alexander 1’s legate. At the king’s instance he summoned a council and deposed Stigand 1, though he called on William 1 to keep faith with him and protested that he was being subjected to violence. The king made smooth excuses, citing the pope’s command, but he did not efface the impression that he had engineered the deposition, for he kept Stigand 1 in prison at Winchester for the rest of his life. Stigand 1 lived a simple life there; the public purse provided little, and Stigand 1, with his innate obstinacy, refused to have anything brought in from his own estates. Indeed when his friends, especially Eadgyth 3, King Edward 15’s widow, urged him to dress and eat less austerely, he swore by everything sacred a false oath that he had not a penny to his name. That this oath had no basis in truth was proved by the vast riches found after his death in underground caves. They were given away by a key hanging round the neck of the dead man. This turned lock of his private chest, and the records thus disclosed revealed the types of metals he owned, and their weights.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum i.23.5-8
Taxation (2)
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Ealdred 37.crowning William 1: William 1 refused to be blessed by Stigand 1 as king. Ealdred 37 was induced to conduct the consecration, but he made the king first to take an oath before the whole people to conduct himself with moderation towards his subjects, and treat English and French even-handedly. So as long as William 1 did so, Ealdred 37 loved his as his son; but when the king started to demand an inappropriate sum by way of tax from the people of the province, the bishop approached him through envoys. William 1 sent them away with a dusty answer, and Ealdred 37 cursed William 1. The king had to send to win the bishop over, but Ealdred 37 fell ill and died before the messengers arrived.: WilliamofMalmesbury.GestaPontificumAnglorum iii.115.18-20
Events of 1066 (MS D): Earl Tosti 2 came from overseas into the Isle of Wight with as large a fleet as he could muster, and both money and provisions were given him. And King Harold 3 and his brother assembled a naval force and a land force larger than any king had assembled before in this country, because he had been told that William 1 the Bastard [Wyllelm Bastard] meant to come here and subdue this country. This was exactly what happened afterwards. Meanwhile Earl Tosti 2 came into the Humber with 60 ships and Earl Edwin 33 came with a land force and drove him out, and the sailors deserted him. And he went to Scotland with 12 small vessels, and there Harald 5, king of Norway, met him with 300 ships, and Tosti 2 submitted to him and became his vassal [him to beah 7 his man wearth]; and they both went up the Humber until they reached York. And there Earl Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 his brother fought against them; but the Norwegians had the victory. Harold 3, king of the English, was informed that things had gone thus; and the fight was on the Vigil of St Matthew [20 September]. Then Harold 3 our king came upon the Norwegians by surprise and met them beyond York at Stamford Bridge with a large force of the English people; and that day there was a very fierce fight on both sides. There was killed Harald 5 Fairhair [Harfagera recte Hardrada] and Earl Tosti 2, and the Norwegians who survived took to flight; and the English attacked them fiercely as they pursued them until some got to the ships. Some were drowned, and some burned, and some destroyed in various ways so that few survived and the English remained in command of the field. The king gave quarter to Olaf 8 [Olafe], son of the Norse king [Norna cyng], and their bishop [Anonymous 10021] and the earl of Orkney [Anonymous 10022]and all those who survived on the ships, and they went up to our king and swore oaths that they would always keep peace and friendship with this country; and the king let them go home with 24 ships. These two pitched battles were fought within five nights. Then Count William 1 came from Normandy to Pevensey on Michaelmas eve, and as soon as they were able to move on they built a castle at Hastings. King Harold 3 was informed of this and he assembled a large army and came against him at the hoary apple-tree. And William 1 came against him by surprise before his army was drawn up in battle array. But the king nevertheless fought hard against him, with the men who were willing to support him, and there were heavy casualties on both sides. There King Harold 3 was killed and Earl Leofwine 69 his brother, and Earl Gyrth 1 his brother, and many good men, and the French remained masters of the field, even as God granted it to them because of the sins of the people. Archbishop Ealdred 37 and the citizens of London wanted to have Edgar 14 Cild [Edgar 14 Cild] as king, as was his proper due; and Edwin 33 and Morcar 3 promised him that they would fight on his side; but always the more it ought to have been forward the more it got behind, and the worse it grew from day to day, exactly as everything came to be at the end. The battle took place on the festival of Calixtus the pope [14 October]. And Count William 1 went back to Hastings and waited there to see whether submission would be made to him. But when he understood that no one meant to come to him, he went inland with all his army that was left to him, and that came to him afterwards from overseas, and ravaged all the region that he overran until he reached Berkhampstead. There he was met by Archbishop Ealdred 37 and Edgar 14 Cild, and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3, and all the chief men [betstan men] of London. And they submitted out of necessity after most damage had been done – and it was a great piece of folly that they had not done it earlier, since God would not make things better, because of our sins. And they gave hostages and swore oaths to him, and he promised them that he would be a gracious lord, and yet in the meantime they ravaged all that they overran. Then on Christmas day Archbishop Ealdred 37 consecrated him king at Westminster. And he promised Ealdred 37 on Christ’s book and swore moreover (before Ealdred 37 would place the crown on his head) that he would rule all this people as well as the best of the kings before him, if they would be loyal to him. All the same he laid taxes on people very severely, and then went in spring overseas to Normandy, and took with him Archbishop Stigand 1, and Æthelnoth 46, abbot of Glastonbury, and Edgar 14 Cild and Earl Edwin 33 and Earl Morcar 3 and Earl Waltheof 2 and many other good men from England. And Bishop Odo 3 and Earl William 2 stayed behind and built castles far and wide throughout this country, and distressed the wretched folk, and always after that it grew much worse. May the end be good when God wills!: ASC (C-F) 1042-1087 D 1066 (1066)
Throne-sitting (1)
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Harold 3.being given the royal crown: Here they gave the royal crown to Harold 3. Here enthroned is Harold 3, King of England. Archbishop Stigand 1. : Bayeux Tapestry (1066)
Writ-issuing/sending (19)
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Bates291 - writ of William 1 in favour of Westminster, St Peter's: King William 1 notifies Archbishop Stigand 1, Count Eustace 1 and all his thegns in Surrey that he has granted land in Battersea and Pyrford, Surrey, to the abbey of Westminster as fully and freely as Harold 3 held it on the day he died.: Bates291 (1066 x 1070)
S1073 - writ of Edward 15 in favour of Bury St Edmunds: Writ of King Edward 15 declaring that all things lawfully pertaining to the property of St Edmund are to be the uncontested possession of that house.: S1073 (1044 x 1047)
S1074 - writ of Edward 15 in favour of Bury: Writ of King Edward 15 announcing that he has granted the land at Pakenham, Suffolk, to St Edmund as fully and completely as Osgot 5 had it. : S1074 (1044 x 1047)
S1088 - writ of Edward 15 in favour of Stigand 1 and Christ Church: Writ of King Edward 15 declaring that he has granted to Archbishop Stigand 1 and the community at Christ Church judicial and financial rights over their own men and over as many thegns as he has granted them to have. : S1088 (1052 x 1066)
S1089 - writ of Edward 15 in favour of Stigand 1 and Christ Church: Writ of King Edward 15 declaring that he has granted to Archbishop Stigand 1 and the community at Christ Church all the lands that they had in the time of his predecessors and in his own time. : S1089 (1052 x 1066)
S1090 - writ of Edward 15 in favour of Christ Church: Writ of King Edward 15 declaring that the land at Mersham, Kent, is to belong to Christ Church with sake and soke, as fully and completely as Sigweard 1 and his wife [Anonymous 10063] granted it to that house.: S1090 (1053 x 1061)
S1092 - writ of Edward 15 in favour of St Augustine's: Writ of King Edward 15 declaring that the land at Fordwich, Kent, previously granted by him to St Augustine's, is now to belong to the monastery with all the rights with which he has granted it to that house.: S1092 (1053 x 1066)
S1093 - writ of Edward 15 in favour of Chertsey: Writ of King Edward 15 declaring that he has granted to Chertsey Abbey, Chertsey, Egham, Thorpe and Chobham, Surrey, with judicial and financial rights. : S1093 (1053 x 1066)
S1094 - writ of Edward 15 in favour of Chertsey: Writ of King Edward 15 declaring that he has granted to Chertsey Abbey, Chertsey, Egham, Thorpe and Chobham, with the hundred of Godley, Surrey, with judicial and financial rights.: S1094 (1053 x 1066)
S1095 - writ of Edward 15 in favour of Chertsey: Writ of King Edward 15 declaring that he has granted to Chertsey Abbey and to Abbot Wulfwald 1 the hundred of Godley, Surrey, and that the abbot is to have judicial and financial rights over all his men and over his lands. : S1095 (1058 x 1066)
S1108 - writ of Edward 15 in favour of Ramsey: Writ of King Edward 15 declaring that the soke within Bichamdic (cf. Beechamwell, Norfolk) is to belong to Ramsey Abbey as fully and completely as it was first given to that church.: S1108 (1053 x 1057)
S1109 - writ of Edward 15 in favour of Ramsey: Writ of King Edward 15 declaring that he has granted to Ramsey Abbey judicial and financial rights and shipwreck and what is cast up by the sea at Brancaster and Ringstead, the soke within Bichamdic (cf. S 1108), the market at Downham, Norfolk, and judicial and financial rights in every shire in which St Benedict of Ramsey has land.: S1109 (1042 x 1066)
S1110 - writ of Edward 15 in favour of Ramsey and Peterborough: Writ of King Edward 15 declaring that he has confirmed the exchange of land at Luton, Northants., for land at Marholm, Northants., and the agreement made between Ælfwine 55, abbot of Ramsey, and Leofric 23, abbot of Peterborough; and has also confirmed the boundaries along King Cnut 3's Delph, Northants., as Ælfwine 55, abbot of Ramsey, proved his claim to them against Siweard 18, abbot of Thorney.: S1110 (1042 x 1066)
S1129 - writ of Edward 15 in favour of Westminster: Writ of King Edward 15 declaring that the monks of Westminster are to have the estate of Eversley, Hants. Four free sokemen who hold the estate are henceforth to be subject to Westminster Abbey. : S1129 (1053 x 1066)
S1136 - writ of Edward 15 in favour of Westminster: Writ of King Edward 15 declaring that the monks of Westminster Abbey are to have the land at Tooting, Surrey, given by Swein 6 his kinsman.: S1136 (1057 x 1066)
S1137 - writ of Edward 15 in favour of Westminster: Writ of King Edward 15 declaring that the piece of land at Claygate, Surrey, given by Earl Tosti 4 and his wife Leofrun 7, the king's foster-mother, is to belong to Westminster Abbey.: S1137 (1058 x 1066)
S1153 - writ of Edward 15 in favour of Winchester, Old Minster: Writ of King Edward 15 declaring that he has confirmed his mother's [Emma 2] bequest to the monks of Old Minster of a messuage (haga) called Ælfrices Godebegeaton in Winchester, which she held by the gift of King Æthelred 32 (cf. S 925), and of 10 hides on Hayling Island, Hants.: S1153 (1052 x 1053)
S1154 - writ of Edward 15 in favour of Winchester, Old Minster: Writ of King Edward 15 declaring that he has bequeathed Portland, Dorset, and everything belonging thereto to the Old Minster at Winchester.: S1154 (1053 x 1066)
S1477 - writ? of Edward 15 in favour of Chertsey: Notification by King Edward 15 that he has restored to Chertsey Abbey 10 hides at White Waltham, Berks., with the church there, woodland at Halewik (Hollicks, lost, in White Waltham) and Lidlegewik (Littlewick in White Waltham) and 20 acres of meadow at Cookham, Berks..: S1477 (1052 x 1066)